Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)’den izole edilen bakterilerin insektisidal aktivitesi

The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) is a polyphagous pest with numerous host plants. In the present study, the bacterial flora of H.cunea was investigated to identify new organisms that can be used as microbial control agent against the pest. Six bacteria were isolated and cultured from H. cunea. Some morphological, biochemical and other phenotypic characteristics (with API 20E, API 50 CH, API Staph and API Coryne kits) of bacterial isolates were determined. In addition, 16S rRNA gene region was sequenced. As a result of the studies conducted, bacterial isolates were identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Abk1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Abk2), Staphylococcus sciuri (Abk4), Kocuria palustris (Abk6), Arthrobacter arilaitensis (Abk7) and Microbacterium oxydans (Abk8). All bacterial isolates were tested for 12 days against third-fourth instar larvae of H. cunea. The highest insecticidal activity was obtained from L. sphaericus (Abk1) with 30% after application (p<0.05). These results indicate that L. sphaericus (Abk1) can be taken into account in the microbial pest control of H. cunea. In the future, further studies will be conducted by using pathogenicity enrichment strategies of L. sphaericus (Abk1) (ex. combining with other entomopathogens or insecticides) in order to increase the effectiveness on H. cunea.Amerikan Beyaz Kelebeği, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) sayısız konukçu bitkisi olan polifag bir zararlıdır. Bu çalışmada, H. cunea’nın bakteriyal florası zararlıya karşı mikrobiyal kontrol ajanı olabilecek yeni organizmaları identifiye etmek için araştırıldı. H. cunea’dan altı bakteri izole edilerek saflaştırıldı. Bakteriyal izolatların morfolojik, biyokimyasal, diğer fenotipik özellikleri (API 20E, API 50 CH, API Staph ve API Coryne) belirlendi. İlave olarak, 16S rRNA gen sekans analizi de yapıldı. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda izolatlar; Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Abk1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Abk2), Staphylococcus sciuri (Abk4), Kocuria palustris (Abk6), Arthrobacter arilaitensis (Abk7) ve Microbacterium oxydans (Abk8) olarak tanımlandı. Bütün bakteriler H. cunea’nın üçüncü-dördüncü gömlek larvalarına karşı oniki gün boyunca test edildi. En yüksek insektisidal aktivite %30 ile L. sphaericus (Abk1)’dan elde edildi (p<0.05). Bu sonuçlar, L. sphaericus (Abk1)’un, H. cunea’nın mikrobiyal mücadelesinde dikkate alınabileceğini göstermiştir. Gelecekte, L. sphaericus (Abk1)’un patojenite zenginleştirme stratejileri (diğer entomopatojelerle veya insektisitlerle kombine edilmesi gibi) kullanılarak H. cunea üzerindeki etkinliğinin artırılması yönünde çalışmalar yapılacaktı

Perceptions of school resource officers on juvenile delinquents in schools

Violence is very common in the schools of the U.S. Therefore, families have suspicions not only about competency of the education but also for safety of their children in the school. While there is a great deal of studies which examined the effectiveness and success of school resource officers in schools, and studies which explore the perceptions of citizens, school administration, and juveniles toward police, fewer studies exploring the perceptions of school resource officers about different issues such as their perceptions toward juvenile justice system, school administration and staff, families of juveniles, and juvenile offenders. Fifteen school resource officers were interviewed in schools in a mid-sized Midwestern city in the U.S.. The researcher was allowed to conduct interview with police officers by Police Department’s approval. The consent forms were delivered to participants which were reviewed and signed by the participants. Purposive sampling method was used by asking Deputy Chief in police department either who has worked or currently working in schools school resource officers. The interviews were digitally recorded. The researcher saved these interviews to the computer and transcribed them into the word processor. Findings revealed that there was no standardized training for school resource officers. Their criterion for using discretion was mostly based on the attitude of the families toward them or toward their children. They perceived minor offenses in schools as ‘gateway’ for future serious offenses. Since the study participants were not randomly selected and the sample size was 15, findings cannot be generalized to all school resource officers in the U.S. However, it is expected that all school resource officers would have common experiences such as use of discretion, problems with school administration, and the prevalence of violence among youth. Thus, this study can provide some insights about the experiences of school resource officers from other States of the U.S. Further research in the area of school resource officers is needed to determine solutions to youth violence in schools

Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant on Water Column and Sediment Quality in Izmir Bay (Eastearn Aegean Sea)

WOS: 00038516170001

The first study on bacterial flora and biological control agent of the little spruce sawfly, Pristiphora abietina (Christ.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial flora of Pristiphora abietina and to find the performance of the members of this flora as a biocontrol agent for this pest. For this purpose, eleven bacteria were isolated from living, diseased and dead larvae. Morphological and biochemical properties, metabolic enzyme profiles by BIOLOG microtiter plate system and total cellular fatty acid profile by Microbial Identification Systems (MIS) of the bacterial isolates were determined. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed. The isolates were identified as Bacillus pumilus (Pa1), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (Pa2, Pa10), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Pa3), Acinetobacter johnsonii (Pa4, Pa9), Bacillus cereus (Pa5), Rhodococcus sp. (Pa6), Staphylococcus sciuri (Pa7), Ralstonia pickettii (Pa8), Neisseria perflava (Pa11). All these bacteria were tested against P. abietina larvae. The highest insecticidal activity was obtained from S. maltophilia and L. fusiformis (65.47%, 60.71%, respectively), (p < 0.05), whereas the lowest insecticidal activity (17.26%) was obtained from N. perflava within seven days. Our result indicates that L. fusiformis (Pa2, Pa10) show potential to be used as biological control agents of P. abietina.Artvin Coruh University: ACU-BAP: 2011.F15.02.1

Phrenic Nerve Injury During Cryoballoon-Based Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Results of the Worldwide YETI Registry.

BackgroundCryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has emerged as an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. The most frequent complication during cryoballoon-based PVI is phrenic nerve injury (PNI). However, data on PNI are scarce.MethodsThe YETI registry is a retrospective, multicenter, and multinational registry evaluating the incidence, characteristics, prognostic factors for PNI recovery and follow-up data of patients with PNI during cryoballoon-based PVI. Experienced electrophysiological centers were invited to participate. All patients with PNI during CB2 or third (CB3) and fourth-generation cryoballoon (CB4)-based PVI were eligible.ResultsA total of 17 356 patients underwent cryoballoon-based PVI in 33 centers from 10 countries. A total of 731 (4.2%) patients experienced PNI. The mean time to PNI was 127.7±50.4 seconds, and the mean temperature at the time of PNI was -49±8°C. At the end of the procedure, PNI recovered in 394/731 patients (53.9%). Recovery of PNI at 12 months of follow-up was found in 97.0% of patients (682/703, with 28 patients lost to follow-up). A total of 16/703 (2.3%) reported symptomatic PNI. Only 0.06% of the overall population showed symptomatic and permanent PNI. Prognostic factors improving PNI recovery are immediate stop at PNI by double-stop technique and utilization of a bonus-freeze protocol. Age, cryoballoon temperature at PNI, and compound motor action potential amplitude loss >30% were identified as factors decreasing PNI recovery. Based on these parameters, a score was calculated. The YETI score has a numerical value that will directly represent the probability of a specific patient of recovering from PNI within 12 months.ConclusionsThe incidence of PNI during cryoballoon-based PVI was 4.2%. Overall 97% of PNI recovered within 12 months. Symptomatic and permanent PNI is exceedingly rare in patients after cryoballoon-based PVI. The YETI score estimates the prognosis after iatrogenic cryoballoon-derived PNI. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03645577. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article

Turcichondrostoma, a new genus for the Leuciscidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Southwestern Anatolia

Turcichondrostoma, a new genus, from the Southwestern Anatolia is distinguished by having fewer gill rakers on first gill arch and morphologies of premaxilla and dentary bones. In addition, as a result of the phylogenetic analyses based on combine data set (mtDNA COI + Cytb) sequences (1706 bp.), Turcichondrostoma genus was recovered with high posterior probability value (BI PP:1.0) and strong-supported bootstrap value (ML BP: 100%) among the former Chondrostoma groups. Also, high K2P mean genetic distance values (more than 7.84%) differentiated genus Turcichondrostoma from the other genera of former Chondrostoma group. The results of both morphological-osteological and molecular analyses are congruent with each other. The results of this study revealed that the genus Turcichondrostoma is easily distinguished from the genera in Chondrostoma group