A review study on energy harvesting systems for vehicles

The widespread and increasing consumption of fossil-based fuels as an energy source causes a rapid decrease of these natural sources, as well as an increase of pollution in the atmosphere. Fuel oil, one of the products of fossil fuels, is today the commonly used energy source for transportation. The importance of contributing to the fuel economy and of increasing environmental consciousness have necessitated certain measures in the automotive sector, as well as in other industrial sectors. Therefore, the technological developments recently carried out in the automotive sector aim to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, for example by recovering waste energy in vehicles. In this direction, efforts have been centered upon the development of energy harvesting systems that provide energy recovery from dynamic parts of the vehicles, such as suspensions. Moreover, the regenerative braking systems that recover some amount of kinetic energy of the vehicles slowing down have been developed and have been in use long since. In this study, research studies on providing the recovery of the vehicles’ waste energy are reviewed with their comparisons

Relation of leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance to bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women

Wstęp: Celem badania było porównanie zależności między stężeniami leptyny i adiponektyny oraz insulinoopornością a gęstością mineralną kości (BMD) u kobiet po menopauzie chorujących na cukrzycę typu 2 i u osób z niechorującej na cukrzycę grupy kontrolnej. Materiał i metody: Do badania zrekrutowano łącznie 76 kobiet po menopauzie, które podzielono na grupy obejmujące kobiety chorujące na cukrzycę typu 2 (n = 19) i bez cukrzycy (n = 19), u których wartość T score dla BMD kręgosłupa i/lub bliższego odcinka kości udowej wynosiło mniej niż -2 oraz chore na cukrzycę typu 2 (n = 20) i niechorujące na cukrzycę (n = 18) z prawidłowymi wartościami BMD (T score > -1). Kryteria wykluczenia obejmowały stosowanie leków przeciwosteoporotycznych, wiek ponad 65 lat, choroby lub terapie mogące wpływać na metabolizm kostny. U uczestniczek badania wykonano badania biochemiczne, oznaczono stężenia leptyny, adiponektyny i insuliny oraz oszacowano stopień insulinooporności HOMA. Wyniki: Nie zaobserwowano korelacji między niskimi wartościami BMD a stężeniami leptyny i adiponektyny oraz insulinoopornością. Stwierdzono jedynie odwrotną zależność między stężeniem leptyny a BMD kości udowej w obrębie trójkąta Warda. Wnioski: Konieczne są dalsze badania obejmujące dużą grupę chorych, aby ustalić wpływ stężeń leptyny i adiponektyny oraz insulinooporności na metabolizm kostny u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2. (Endokrynol Pol 2011; 62 (5): 429–435)Background: Our aim is to identify the relation of leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance to bone mineral density (BMD) in type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women and compare it with that experienced by nondiabetics. Material and methods: Seventy six postmenopausal female patients were included in the study. Postmenopausal type 2 diabetic (n = 19) and nondiabetic patients (n = 19) with spine and/or hip BMD T score lower than -2 were included in the study, and postmenopausal type 2 diabetic (n = 20) and nondiabetic women (n = 18) with normal BMD (T score > –1) were selected as control groups. Those receiving therapy for osteoporosis, over the age of 65, those who had a disease and were taking a medication that could affect bone metabolism were excluded. Biochemical tests, as well as leptin, adiponectin and insulin levels, were measured and insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA test. Results: There was no correlation between low BMD and leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance. There was only a negative correlation between leptin and femur Ward’s triangle BMD. Conclusion: Further large-scale studies must to be performed in order to analyse the effects of leptin, adiponectin and insulin resistance on bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (5): 429–435

Management of Foreign Body Aspiration in Children: Insights From 664 Cases in the Operating Room

Tracheal or bronchial foreign body aspiration is an important emergency o childhood requiring bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. In this retrospective study, bronchoscopy were performed for foreign body aspiration; anesthesia methods, risks, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Children who underwent bronchoscopy with suspicion of a foreign body in the pediatric surgery operating room between January 2010 and December 2021 were included in the study. Six hundred and sixty four children were evaluated. General anesthesia was applied to all bronchoscopy. Demographic characteristics of the patients, type of foreign body, localization of foreign body, distribution of foreign body according to age groups, complications related to anesthesia and surgical process, length of stay in the postoperative intensive care unit, and duration of hospital stay were evaluated. The patients who aspirated foreign bodies most frequently were children aged 1-3 years (73.6%). During bronchoscopy, organic matter (seeds, hazelnuts, peanuts, chickpeas) was the most frequently removed foreign body in children (559 patients). It was observed that foreign bodies were mostly located in the right main bronchus at a rate of 52.4%, the left main bronchus at 28%. The most common anesthesia-related complications were desaturation in 400 patients, hypercarbia in 200 patients, bronchospasm in 108 patients, and respiratory arrest in 2 patients. Many problems may be encountered in foreign body inhalation, and bronchoscopy of these patients should be performed by an experienced anesthesiologist and surgeon at the right time and in the safest way in terms of anesthesia and surgery

Epidemiology of pemphigus in Turkey: One-year prospective study of 220 cases

Pemphigus is a group of rare and life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. Although they occur worldwide, their incidence shows wide geographical variation, and prospective data on the epidemiology of pemphigus are very limited. Objective of this work is to evaluate the incidence and epidemiological and clinical features of patients with pemphigus in Turkey. All patients newly diagnosed with pemphigus between June 2013 and June 2014 were prospectively enrolled in 33 dermatology departments in 20 different provinces from all seven regions of Turkey. Disease parameters including demography and clinical findings were recorded. A total of 220 patients were diagnosed with pemphigus during the 1-year period, with an annual incidence of 4.7 per million people in Turkey. Patients were predominantly women, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.41. The mean age at onset was 48.9 years. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the commonest clinical subtype (n=192; 87.3%), followed by pemphigus foliaceus (n=21; 9.6%). The most common clinical subtype of PV was the mucocutaneous type (n=83; 43.2%). The mean Pemphigus Disease Area Index was 28.14±22.21 (mean ± Standard Deviation).  The incidence rate of pemphigus in Turkey is similar to the countries of South-East Europe, higher than those reported for the Central and Northern European countries and lower than the countries around the Mediterranean Sea and Iran. Pemphigus is more frequent in middle-aged people and is more common in women. The most frequent subtype was PV, with a 9-fold higher incidence than pemphigus foliaceus.   </p

Graduate thesis study summary evaluation of ayaş (ankara)thermal water ın terms of thermal tourism

Turizm ve seyahat sektörü, dünyada en fazla iş sahası yaratan sektörlerden biridir. Özellikle ülkelerin dış ticaret açıklarını turizm endüstrisi yoluyla karşılamaları, dünya turizm eğilimlerinde değişikliklerin meydana gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu durum yenilik ve değişiklik talebini artırmaktadır. Deniz, kum ve güneşten oluşan talebin yerini kültür, tarih, kongre, sağlık, heyecan ve eğlence motifleri almakta, kıyı turizmi yerine tüm ülkenin, sezonluk seyahatler yerine de yılın tüm aylarına yayılan turizm faaliyetleri gelişmektedir. Bu nedenlerle, alternatif turizm faaliyetleri arasında, Türkiye turizm sektörünün doğal potansiyel kaynak kullanımı planlanırken, önemle ele alınması gereken potansiyel zenginliklerden biri de, "termal kaynaklar" ve termal turizm olmalıdır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın nihai amacını, Ayaş termal alanının turistik potansiyelinin bütün yönleriyle ele alınıp, mevcut tesislerin tanıtılması yanında, geleceğe yönelik olarak yapılması gerekenlerin belirlenmesi ve karşılaşılan sorunlara çözüm yollarının aranması oluşturmuştur. Araştırma alanında bulunan termal arz kaynaklarının yapısına ve hizmetlerinin mevcut durumuna göre; Ayaş termal alanının, ulaşım sorunun getirdiği ek maliyet ve belediye hizmetlerinin yeterli olmaması nedeniyle oluşan gider kalemleri ile yakın çevresinde turistik arz oluşturacak çeşitliliğin çok kısıtlı oluşunun neticesinde marka değeri oluşturamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Tourism and travelling are the most popular sectors in terms of job opportunity all over the world.Especially, providing the deficits on foreing trade revenues with tourism profit is mostly used by countries.Hence, this resulted in a change on tourism tendency.This situation leads to an increase in demand of innovation and development.For example; sea,beach and sunshine pleasure give way to culture,history,healthy way of living,adrenaline and entertainment.Likewise, tourism activities that are popular throughout the year,may be preferred instead of coastal tourism and seasonal tours.Therefore, thermal tourism especially “thermal springs” must be a potential wealth item that must be taken into account while planning the natural resource utilization of Turkey in terms of tourism. Consequently, our main study is to consider the tourism potential of Ayaş Thermal Area in great detail, advertise the existing facilities together with the determination of TO-DO list and solution theories for the common problems,encountered. In conclusion; with respect to the structure and utilization of thermal resources in research area, Ayaş Thermal Area couldn't achieve to create a brand equity due to scarcity of variation on natural beauty around as well as having much more overspend because of transportation problem and city services

Graduate thesis study summary evaluation of ayaş (ankara)thermal water ın terms of thermal tourism

Turizm ve seyahat sektörü, dünyada en fazla iş sahası yaratan sektörlerden biridir. Özellikle ülkelerin dış ticaret açıklarını turizm endüstrisi yoluyla karşılamaları, dünya turizm eğilimlerinde değişikliklerin meydana gelmesine neden olmuştur. Bu durum yenilik ve değişiklik talebini artırmaktadır. Deniz, kum ve güneşten oluşan talebin yerini kültür, tarih, kongre, sağlık, heyecan ve eğlence motifleri almakta, kıyı turizmi yerine tüm ülkenin, sezonluk seyahatler yerine de yılın tüm aylarına yayılan turizm faaliyetleri gelişmektedir. Bu nedenlerle, alternatif turizm faaliyetleri arasında, Türkiye turizm sektörünün doğal potansiyel kaynak kullanımı planlanırken, önemle ele alınması gereken potansiyel zenginliklerden biri de, "termal kaynaklar" ve termal turizm olmalıdır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın nihai amacını, Ayaş termal alanının turistik potansiyelinin bütün yönleriyle ele alınıp, mevcut tesislerin tanıtılması yanında, geleceğe yönelik olarak yapılması gerekenlerin belirlenmesi ve karşılaşılan sorunlara çözüm yollarının aranması oluşturmuştur. Araştırma alanında bulunan termal arz kaynaklarının yapısına ve hizmetlerinin mevcut durumuna göre; Ayaş termal alanının, ulaşım sorunun getirdiği ek maliyet ve belediye hizmetlerinin yeterli olmaması nedeniyle oluşan gider kalemleri ile yakın çevresinde turistik arz oluşturacak çeşitliliğin çok kısıtlı oluşunun neticesinde marka değeri oluşturamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Tourism and travelling are the most popular sectors in terms of job opportunity all over the world.Especially, providing the deficits on foreing trade revenues with tourism profit is mostly used by countries.Hence, this resulted in a change on tourism tendency.This situation leads to an increase in demand of innovation and development.For example; sea,beach and sunshine pleasure give way to culture,history,healthy way of living,adrenaline and entertainment.Likewise, tourism activities that are popular throughout the year,may be preferred instead of coastal tourism and seasonal tours.Therefore, thermal tourism especially “thermal springs” must be a potential wealth item that must be taken into account while planning the natural resource utilization of Turkey in terms of tourism. Consequently, our main study is to consider the tourism potential of Ayaş Thermal Area in great detail, advertise the existing facilities together with the determination of TO-DO list and solution theories for the common problems,encountered. In conclusion; with respect to the structure and utilization of thermal resources in research area, Ayaş Thermal Area couldn't achieve to create a brand equity due to scarcity of variation on natural beauty around as well as having much more overspend because of transportation problem and city services

Analysis of accessibility properties of emergency in the city of Iskenderun (Hatay, Turkey)

Meydana geldikleri andan itibaren zamana karşı yarışılması gereken acil durumlar için sürekli hazır olunması gerekmektedir. Hazırlıklı olmanın en önemli aşamaları ise, olay yerinin tespiti, olay yerine en kısa zamanda ulaşma, yapılacak ön çalışmalarla en çok acil durum olaylarının gerçekleştiği yerlere yakın alanlara ve yerleşim alanlarının tamamına en kısa zamanda ulaşabilecek acil durum müdahale alt yapısının hazırlanmasıdır. Bu işlemlerin yapılmasında yol ağlarının kullanıldığı ağ (Network) analizleri kullanılabilir. Çünkü yerleşim alanlarında mesafenin kısıtlayıcı etkisinin yanında şehir içindeki yayalar, trafik ışıkları ve diğer araçlar gibi hız kesici engellerinde göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Olay yerine acil durum araçlarının hızlı bir şekilde ulaşarak yaralıların sağlık kurumlarına ulaştırılması verilen hizmetlerin kalitesi açısından önemli bir ölçüdür. Bu yüzden verilen hizmetin kalitesini arttırmak ve zaman kaybını önlemek için acil durum araçlarının olay yerlerine en kısa yoldan ve en hızlı bir şekilde ulaşmasının sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada İskenderun kentinde bulunan acil durum ünitelerinin ulaşılabilirlik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Arc GIS 10 Network Analyst aracı kullanılarak Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri tabanlı ağ (network) analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu analiz yardımıyla acil durum araçlarının İskenderun'da 3., 5., ve 9. dakikalarda ulaşabilecekleri alanlar belirlenmiştir. Ulaşabilirlik açısından hastaneler için ilk 3 dakikada ulaşılabilen alanlar çalışma alanının % 44.69'unu, 5. dakikada ulaşılabilen alanlar % 71.78'ini, 9. dakikada ulaşılabilen alanlar ise çalışma alanının % 87.09'unu oluşturmaktadır. 112 istasyonları için 3. Dakikada % 28.76'sını, 5. dakikada % 52.51'ini, 9. Dakikada 84.65'ini oluşturmaktadır. İtfaiye istasyonu için bu alan ilk 3. dakikada % 27.23, 5. dakikada % 48.61'i, 9. dakikada ise % 84.14'ünü oluşturmaktadır. Analiz sonucunda acil durum ünitelerinin sayılarının yetersiz ve dağılışlarının düzensiz olduğu görülmüş ve alternatif yerler önerilmiştirIt is a must to be prepared for emergency situations which necessitate a race against time right after their occurrence. The most important phases in getting prepared are the identification of the scene, reaching the scene at the shortest possible time and preparation of emergency action infrastructures that will reach all settlements and close vicinity of the scene by preliminary studies. Network analysis can be used in these processes because barriers that will impede speedy actions such as pedestrians, traffic lights and other vehicles as well as the limiting effects of distance should be taken into consideration in settlement areas. Emergency vehicles’ arrival at the scene and transporting the injured to medical institutions in the speediest manner possible is an important criterion in terms of service quality. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the fastest and shortest routes for emergency vehicles to increase service quality and prevent loss of time. Current study investigates the accessibility characteristics of emergency units in the city of İskenderun. ArcGIS 10 Network Analysis tool was used in the study to analyze Geographical Information Systems based network. Areas that can be accessed by emergency vehicles in 3, 5 and 9 minutes were identified with the help of the analysis. In terms of accessibility of the hospitals, areas that could be accessed in the first three, five and nine minutes were found to be comprised of 44.69%, 71.78% and 87.09% of the research area respectively. In terms of accessibility of 112 stations, areas that could be accessed in the first three, five and nine minutes were found to be comprised of 28.76%, 52.51% and 84.65% of the research area. For fire stations, 27.23% of the research area was found to be accessible for the first three minutes, 48.61% for the 5th minute and 84.14% for the 9th minute. According to results, emergency units were found to be insufficient in terms of number and their distribution was found to be irregular. Suggestions for alternative locations were also provide