Random raman fiber laser based on a twin-core fiber with FBGs inscribed by femtosecond radiation

Narrowband Raman lasing in a polarization-maintaining two-core fiber (TCF) is demonstrated. Femtosecond point-by-point inscription of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in individual cores produces a half-open cavity with random distributed feedback. The laser linewidth in the cavity with a single FBG inscribed in one core of the TCF reduced by ∼2 times with respect to the cavity with a fiber loop mirror. It is shown that the inscription of two FBGs in different cores leads to the formation of a Michelson-type interferometer, leading to the modulation of generation spectra near threshold. This technique offers new possibilities for spectral filtering or multi-wavelength generation

Assessment of the Impact of Supportive Devices in Radiotherapy

This article focuses on one aspect of external beam radiation therapy. During radiation therapy, supports are used to fix the patient

Protection of Children's Rights in Russia

In modern realities, there are a number of legal acts and laws that regulate the protection of children's rights in various spheres of their life. The article will analyze the specifics of such protection, as well as analyze the essential features of protecting the rights of orphans and children left without parental care.В современных реалиях существует ряд нормативно-правовых актов и законов, регламентирующих защиту прав детей в разных сферах его жизнедеятельности. В статье будет разобрана специфика подобной защиты, а также проанализированы сущностные особенности защиты прав детей-сирот и детей, оставшихся без попечительства родителей

Semasiological relations between the lexical parallels in the French and Russian languages (a case study of the French borrowed vocabulary)

The relevance of the paper is determined by the intensification of international and intercultural contacts contributing to further promotion of the Russian language lexical system enrichment. The paper is devoted to the study and scientific analysis of neologisms of the French origin in the Russian language of modern period in terms of semantic adaptation of the foreign word in the recipient language. The basic mechanisms of reception and adaptation of the French language ethno-cultural components in the Russian language were identified through the analysis of various sources, including etymological, defining, and foreign dictionaries. This article describes four basic mechanisms of lexical-semantic assimilation of the foreign words in the Russian language environment (narrowing or expanding of the semantic range of a word; semantic structure sustainability; semantic shift). The study data of the article suggest the universal character of the proposed analysis criteria that can be applied to foreign language vocabulary of any language of any etymology

The evolution of the 'comment' genre: Theoretical aspect

The article deals with the problem of transforming the genre of comment due to the peculiarities of the Internet communication. The comparative analysis of the traditional interpretation and the new one is initiated based on the modern demands of the virtual discourse. Not only the journalists and the experts, but the readers as well are considered to be the subjects of communication. The research on two forms of comments show the similarities and differences in communicative intention of addressers and the ways of their realization. The analysis shows the isomorphism of the on-line comments and some genres of the Internet communication, defines the role of the language person in the type of discourse under study, justifies the possibility of reconstructing the national worldview based on numerous on-line comments to the articles (often related to news), which attract the greatest attention and feedback of the readers. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Pharmaceutical Risks of Injection Therapy: The Role of a Nurse

Nurse-administered injections come with a special set of risks, including such pharmaceutical factors as preparation of medicinal products in a vial prior to administration, conditions of their further storage, labelling of packages, and the need for personalised dosing of solutions for injection.The aim of the study was to analyse Russian state standard GOST R 52623.4-2015 and identify factors contributing to the risk of nursing staff’s errors in preparing, storing, and labelling of medicinal products for injection.Materials and methods. The authors analysed GOST R 52623.4-2015 Technologies for Performing Simple Medical Services of Invasive Interventions and assessed the identified risks by the FMEA method (failure modes and effects analysis).Results. The authors identified pharmaceutical risks, causes, and sources of hazardous events that occur during administration of parenteral medicinal products. The standard does not instruct readers on the order of mixing medicines in a vial and on choosing solvents for lyophilised powders. There is no labelling procedure for opened vials in the document. It does not stress the inadmissibility of pre-administration storage of a syringe/dropper with a medicinal product. The document lacks information on the need to warm the aqueous solutions that are stored in a refrigerator and/or administered at a temperature of 36–38 °С as per the package leaflet. The standard does not include a procedure for visual estimation of the volume of a solution drawn into a syringe for individual dosing of medicinal products to children. According to the FMEA risk assessment, the highest risks are posed by the order of mixing medicines in a vial and by the storage of syringes/droppers prior to administration to patients.Conclusions. To improve the safety of injection therapy, it is necessary to supplement the state standard with the identified causes of hazardous events. Nursing staff in medical organisations would benefit from in-house training on prevention of pharmaceutical risks carried out with the help of specialists in pharmaceutics and from wider involvement in discussing pharmacotherapy errors

Особенности внутренней позиции родителя у детей младшего школьного возраста

The paper examines the formation of the bases of the internal position of a parent in primary school-age children. The person’s internal position of a parent appears long before the birth of his/her own children; its components are formed in ontogenesis in accordance with the stages of the development of the parental sphere of personality.This study attempts the following: to disringuish components of the internal position of a parent; to explain the content of these components concerning primary school age; to define the criteria of the formation of the components of the primary internalposition of a parent in primary school children; to examine the factors influencing the development of the primary internal position of a parent in primary school children; to describe the differences in the formation of components of the primary internal position of a parent in boys and girls. The study involved 85 children aged 8 to 9 years (39 boys and 46 girls).An experiment, creating the conditions for video games, content analysis of children’s statements, and projective and questionnaire methods were methodological tools of the study. The authors evaluated characteristics of drawings, statements and actionsof children in the imaginary role of a parent. Most prominent criteria of the formation of the components of the internal position of a parent include the following: (a) the desire to have more than twochildren in the future; positive statements about the child, (b) use of support in emotionally significant situations, (c) use of endearment to a child. The obtained results also revealed a low level of the development of motivation (representation of the future family without children) and cognitive components of the internal position of a parent (formal statements about the child) in a significant number of junior schoolchildren.Статья посвящена изучению формирования основ внутренней позиции родителя у детей младшего школьного возраста. Делается предположение, что первичная внутренняя позиция родителя появляется задолго до появления собственных детей, а ее компоненты формируются в онтогенезе в соответствии с этапами становления родительской сферы личности.Выделяются компоненты внутренней позиции родителя и описывается их содержание применительно к младшему школьному возрасту. Определяются критерии сформированности компонентов первичной внутренней позиции родителя у младших школьников, изучаются факторы, влияющие на ее становление, а также описываются различия формирования компонентов у мальчиков и девочек.В исследовании приняли участие 85 детей в возрасте от 8 до 9 лет (39 мальчиков и 46 девочек). В качестве методического инструментария был применен эксперимент, в рамках которого создавались условия для режиссерской игры, контент-анализ детских высказываний, а также проективные и анкетныеметоды сбора данных. Оценивались характеристики рисунков, высказывания и действия детей в воображаемой роли родителя.В результате исследования были выявлены наиболее яркие критерии сформированности компонентов внутренней позиции родителя, а именно: желание иметь более двух детей в будущем, наличие положительных высказываний о ребенке, использование поддержки в эмоционально значимых ситуациях, использование ласкового обращения к ребенку. Полученные результаты также позволили выявить недостаточный уровень сформированности мотивационного (представление своей будущей семьи без детей)и когнитивного компонентов внутренней позиции родителя (формальный характер высказываний о ребенке) у значительной части младших школьников

Tatar and French: Interest and language

The current stage of linguistics development is characterized by an increased interest to the comparative study of languages. The problem of the language comparative study is the subject of linguistic research in many works of domestic and foreign scientists. The purpose of this study is the comparative analysis of emotional and expressive sentences in Tatar and in French, and the determination of similarities and differences. We used a set of linguistic methods and factual material analysis methods in accordance with the set goal and the objectives of the article, the main ones of which are comparative-typological, universallydifferential and descriptive linguistics methods. The article reveals the peculiarities of Tatar and French language expressive syntax realization. The emotionally expressive sentences with the value of interest are used for the implementation of emotional expression category on the syntactic level in the form of a special atmosphere of trust, secrecy or mystery. For the first time the emotional and expressive Tatar and French sentences were compared at the synchronous level. The study revealed the existence of similar typological features which, in its turn, shows a certain similarity between Tatar and French languages belonging to different linguistic families. The existing differences are manifested mainly in the field of studied sentence structure in the compared languages, whereas in the field of semantics, these sentences show a lot of similarities, which is conditioned by the commonality of a man's mind

The Effect of Personal Health on the Formation of Human Capital: a Metasystem Approach

In article the problem of influence of the personality's health on formation of the human capital is considered. Authors have conducted theoretical researches of the existing knowledge of the human capital and justifications of influence of the personality's health on its formation are given. On the basis of the carried-out analysis it is established that now the personality's health is a significant factor of efficiency of any kind of activity and important quality of the personality, therefore, it can be considered as a factor of formation of the human capital. According to it need of determination of criteria, the indicators of health of the personality influencing formation and development of the human capital was designated