iGlarLixi effectively reduces residual hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin: A post hoc analysis from the LixiLan-L study

Globally, nearly half of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) do not successfully achieve target HbA1c with basal insulin, despite meeting fasting plasma glucose (FPG) targets. In this post hoc analysis of the LixiLan-L study, we determined whether iGlarLixi, a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine Gla-100 (iGlar) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide (Lixi), addresses the challenge of reducing residual hyperglycaemia in patients with T2D. In LixiLan-L, a randomized, open-label study, 1018 patients with T2D on basal insulin for ≥6 months ± oral antidiabetes drugs entered a 6-week run-in period, during which they were switched to and/or optimized for a daily dose of iGlar while continuing only metformin. Following the run-in period, 736 patients were then randomized to receive iGlarLixi or were continued on iGlar for 30 weeks ± metformin. Residual hyperglycaemia was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0% despite FPG of <140 mg/dL. The proportion of patients with residual hyperglycaemia was similar in both treatment arms at screening (~~42%), and increased after the run-in period (~~62%). After 30 weeks, the proportion of patients with residual hyperglycaemia declined to 23.8% in the iGlarLixi versus 47.1% in the iGlar arm (P <.0001). The proportion of patients achieving both HbA1c (<7.0%) and FPG (<140 mg/dL) targets was higher in the iGlarLixi compared with the iGlar arm (50.3% vs. 27.4%, respectively; P <.0001). iGlarLixi effectively reduces residual hyperglycaemia in patients with T2D on basal insulin therapy

Plasma Adiponectin Does Not Correlate With Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Variables in Nondiabetic Asian Indian Teenagers

OBJECTIVE—The objectives of this study were to determine age- and sex-specific concentrations of adiponectin in Asian Indian teenagers and adults and to assess whether its blood levels correlated with insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic parameters

Assessing the association of the HNF1A G319S variant with C-reactive protein in Aboriginal Canadians: a population-based epidemiological study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, has been associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Common variants of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (<it>HNF1A) </it>gene encoding HNF-1α have been associated with plasma CRP in predominantly European Caucasian samples. <it>HNF1A </it>might therefore have an impact on vascular disease and diabetes risk that is mediated by CRP. In an Aboriginal Canadian population, a private polymorphism, <it>HNF1A </it>G319S, was associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. However, it has not been investigated whether this association is mediated by CRP. We aimed to investigate whether CRP was mediating the association between <it>HNF1A </it>G319S and type 2 diabetes in an Aboriginal Canadian population with a high prevalence of diabetes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 718 individuals who participated in a diabetes prevalence and risk factor survey were included in the current analysis. Participants were genotyped for <it>HNF1A </it>G319S. Fasting plasma samples were analyzed for CRP. Fasting plasma glucose and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were obtained to determine type 2 diabetes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes was 17.4% (125/718) using the 1999 World Health Organization definition and was higher among S319 allele carriers compared to G/G homozygotes (p < 0.0001). Among participants without type 2 diabetes, CRP levels were higher among G/G homozygotes (1.64 [95% confidence interval 1.35-2.00] mg/l) than in S319 carriers (1.26 [1.04-1.54] mg/l) (p = 0.009) after adjustment for age, sex, 2-h post-load glucose, waist circumference, and serum amyloid A. CRP levels were elevated among those with diabetes after similar adjustment (4.39 [95% confidence interval 3.09-6.23] and 4.44 [3.13-6.30] mg/L, respectively), and no significant difference in CRP was observed between S319 carriers and non-carriers (p = 0.95).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>CRP levels were lower in S319 allele carriers of the <it>HNF1A </it>gene compared to non-carriers among individuals without diabetes, but this difference was not present among those with diabetes, who uniformly had elevated CRP levels. Therefore, while <it>HNF1A </it>appears to influence CRP concentrations in the non-diabetic state, chronic elevation of CRP is unlikely mediating the association between the <it>HNF1A </it>polymorphism and the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in this Aboriginal population.</p

Adiponectin SNP45TG is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes and pregnancy can be associated in two ways: pregnancy that occurs in women who are already diabetic (diabetes of pre-gestational origin); and diabetes that occur in women who are already pregnant [gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (O'sullivan 1961)]. Patients with previous GDM history have higher risk of developing diabetes outside of pregnancy. Accumulating literature had suggested that adiponectin plays a role in the pathophysiology of this metabolic syndrome, and several of the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in adiponectin gene have been identified in type 2 diabetes. Thus, one of the commonly found SNP was studied to determine its association with GDM. OBJECTIVE: To identify the association of SNP45TG with GDM. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving pregnant mothers of <18 gestational weeks, who were recruited from three local antenatal clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. Their genomic DNA was extracted from EDTA treated whole blood using commercialized kit. Adiponectin gene was amplified through conventional PCR and SNP was detected using restriction enzyme SmaI. Plasma adiponectin level, fructosamine level and HbA(1c) percentage were also examined. RESULTS: Among the 79 antenatal patients recruited, 53 patients were normal and 26 were diagnosed with GDM. Among the 53 normal patients, 18 carry TG/GG genotype. Meanwhile, among the 26 patients that were diagnosed with GDM 15 carry TG/GG genotype. Significant association was found between SNP45TG with GDM ( χ(2) = 4.038; P < 0.05). In addition, normal patients with TT genotype have significantly higher plasma adiponectin level compared to other groups. CONCLUSION: We concluded that SNP45TG in adiponectin gene is associated with the occurrence of GDM

Adipokines and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Canadian Aborigine Population: The Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to investigate associations of adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and serum amyloid A (SAA), individually or in combinations, with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a Canadian Aborigine population