海外ニュースの英語(2)

Articledepartmental bulletin pape

Gene expression of myostatin during development and regeneration of skeletal muscle in Japanese Black Cattle

Myostatin is a specific negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth and is regarded as one of the most important factors for myogenesis. The aim of the current study was to analyze the developmental change in the gene expression of myostatin and an adipogenic transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor λ2) in the semitendinosus muscle of Japanese Black Cattle throughout the whole life cycle. An additional aim was to compare the temporal expression patterns of myostatin and relevant myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) mRNA during muscle regeneration after frostbite injury at 16 mo of age. The developmental pattern of myostatin gene expression exhibited 2 peaks: the greatest expression occurred in utero (P <0.05) and the second greatest occurred at 16 mo of age (P <0.05). The greatest level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor λ2 expression was observed at 16 mo of age (P <0.05), which paralleled myostatin expression. During frostbite-induced muscle regeneration, gene expression for myostatin and 4 MRF; i.e., Myf5, MyoD, myogenin and MRF4, showed contrasting responses. Myostatin mRNA dramatically declined by 68.1 and 82.6% at 3 and 5 d after injury (P <0.05), respectively, which paralleled its protein expression, and was restored at 10 d. In contrast, the expressions of all 4 MRF mRNA were low initially but increased by 5 d after injury (P <0.05) and then remained constant or decreased slightly. These results suggest that myostatin may play a role in muscle marbling in the fattening period by decreasing myogenesis and increasing adipogenesis, and that the interaction between myostatin and MRF genes may take place at an early stage of skeletal muscle regeneration.journal articl

Overpasses intended for human use can be crossed by middle and large-size mammals

application/pdfRoad overpasses cost more than underpasses and can be built for most terrestrial mammals to resolve and/or minimize effects from habitat fragmentation. Many overpasses intended for human activity might also allow wildlife passage. Using digital infrared cameras from 2015 to 2016 in Hokkaido, Japan, we evaluated such use in three overpasses, where two were designed for humans and one for wildlife. Nine mammal species were detected at the three overpasses. Three middle-sized mammals—raccoons (Procyon lotor), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)—and a large mammal species, the sika deer (Cervus nippon), frequently used all of the overpasses. Our results showed that the overpass designed for wildlife was richer in species than the two overpasses for humans. However, results also showed that there were no significant differences in use among four animal species in the three overpasses. We propose the construction of small overpasses without plants to conserve habitat reconnection of middle-sized to large mammals. Arboreal species’ habitats need structural change with additional of plants. © 2019, International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering.journal articl

VEOを活用したオンライン教員研修プログラム開発のための基礎研究

令和2年度「理論と実践の融合」に関する共同研究活動実績報告書research repor

Monika Hunniusの人と作品(1)

application/pdfMonika Hunnius (1858～1934), baltische Sangerin und Gesangslehrerin aus Riga, hat in ihren Buchern geschildert, was sie im Leben mit Freude und Schmerz empfunden hat, mit Warme und Freundlichkeit aus Dankbarkeit fur alles, was sie umgibt. In ,Meinem Onkel Hermann", ihrem Erstlingswerk, erinnert sie sich an ihren allerliebsten Onkel Hermann, GroBvater des Dichters Hermann Hesse, in ,Den Menschen, die ich erlebte" beschreibt sie so manches, was sie in Fremde und Heimat erfahren hat und in ,Meinem Weg zur Kunst" denkt sie an ihr schones Leben voll Reichtumern zuruck. Wie sie war und wie sie wurde, und wie ihr denn ihre Frommigkeit und Hingebung zur Kunst beistand in ihrem langen, nicht so einfachen Leben, besonders in der damals fur die Deutsch-Balten dringenden Notlage, davon werde ich kleine Abhandlungen schreiben.departmental bulletin pape

チオシアン酸カリウムによるリゾチームの結晶化とその特長

タンパク質の結晶成長は、非平衡状態を長時間維持しながら進行するパターン形成である。ここではカオトロピックイオンであるチオシアン酸カリウムがタンパク質結晶化に与える影響を調べた。チオシアン酸カリウムは非常に効果的にタンパク質の溶解度を下げる事ができ、過飽和度を幅広く取ることが可能となり、多様な結晶の形態を引き出す事が可能となった。journal articl

意味記憶からの情報検索 : 人間の記憶についての認知心理学的研究

This experiment measures retrieval time from semantic memory， and this paper explaines how a network representation of the propositions is created． Such representations reveal in graphical form the associative connections between concepts． The closer together the concepts in a propositional network are， the better cues they are for each other’s recall． The results of this experiment almost support the network of concepts assumed by Collins and Quillian（1969）in their experiment to compare reaction time in making true－false judgments about statements， but some do not． A hierarchy of concepts which they proposed can be rarely seen in this study．departmental bulletin pape

DataSheet_1_Multi-omics approach to study the dual effects of novel proteins on the intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under an alternate feeding strategy.doc

IntroductionIn an effort to minimize the usage of fishmeal in aquaculture, novel protein diets, including Tenebrio molitor, cottonseed protein concentrate, Clostridium autoethanogenum, and Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated for their potential to replace fishmeal. Nevertheless, comprehensive examinations on the gut health of aquatic animals under an alternate feeding strategy when fed novel protein diets are vacant.MethodsFive isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing various proteins were manufactured, with a diet consisting of whole fishmeal serving as the control and diets containing novel proteins serving as the experimental diets. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with an initial body weight of 4.73 ± 0.04g employed as an experimental animal and given these five diets for the first 29 days followed by a fishmeal diet for the next 29 days.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrated that the growth performance of novel protein diets in the second stage was better than in the first stage, even though only the C. vulgaris diet increased antioxidant capacity and the cottonseed protein concentrate diet decreased it. Concerning the intestinal barriers, the C. autoethanogenum diet lowered intestinal permeability and plasma IL-1β/TNF-α. In addition, the contents of intestinal immunological factors, namely LYS and sIgA-like, were greater in C. vulgaris than in fishmeal. From the data analysis of microbiome and metabolome, the levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), anaerobic bacteria, Lactococcus, and Firmicutes were significantly higher in the C. autoethanogenum diet than in the whole fishmeal diet, while the abundance of Pseudomonas, aerobic bacteria, Streptococcus, and Proteobacteria was lowest. However, no extremely large differences in microbiota or short chain fatty acids were observed between the other novel protein diets and the whole fishmeal diet. In addition, the microbiota were strongly connected with intestinal SCFAs, lipase activity, and tight junctions, as shown by the Mantel test and Pearson’s correlation.DiscussionTaken together, according to Z-score, the ranking of advantageous functions among these protein diets was C. autoethanogenum diet > C. vulgaris diet > whole fishmeal diet > cottonseed protein concentrate > T. molitor diet. This study provides comprehensive data illustrating a mixed blessing effect of novel protein diets on the gut health of juvenile largemouth bass under an alternate feeding strategy.</p

Nerve-sparing laparoscopic colposacropexy using a percutaneous surgical system: a case report.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safeness of nerve-sparing laparoscopic colposacropexy performed with a minimally invasive approach by using 2,9 mm PercuvanceTM Percutaneous Surgical System (PSS) (The PercuvanceTM System, Teleflex Inc., USA). DESIGN: Step-by-step video demonstration of the surgical technique. The Internal Department Committee approved this study. The patient was adequately informed about the possible risks and benefits of this experimental technique and a written consent agreeing to undergo the described procedure was signed. SETTING: Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition affecting up to 50% of multiparous women. It may be considered a real public health problem that can have an important impact on general health-related quality of life. A conservative and/or medical treatment may be considered only for women with mild degree of prolapse, women with a reproductive desire or women unable to undergo surgery. In the remaining cases, surgery seems to be the most effective treatment. Surgical approach may be abdominal (colposacropexy by laparotomy, laparoscopy or robot-assisted) or vaginal (autologous, or prothesic reinforcement). The aims of the surgical procedures include not only the anatomical correction of the prolapse but also the improvement of patient's quality of life and prolapse symptoms relief, guaranteeing a normal bladder, bowel and sexual functions and avoiding iatrogenic dysfunctional symptoms. At present, the laparoscopic technique of sacral colpopexy offers a number of important advantages including an excellent visualization of the pelvis, reduction in adhesions formation, decreased post-operative pain and recovery with a success rate reported to be 90-96% with a mesh erosion rate of 1-8%. INTERVENTION: Nerve-sparing laparoscopic colposacropexy with positioning of two polypropylene titanized meshes and concomitant subtotal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy entirely performed with 2,9 mm PSS. CONCLUSION: This case-report is the first reporting a nerve-sparing laparoscopic colposacropexy performed with 2,9 mm PSS. The major advance of this technique is the possibility of performing a major gynaecology surgery with a scarless approach, which results in fewer traumas for the patient in the postoperative time. The use of these instruments does not increase the operation time or the rate early or late complications, most of all prolapse recurrence. Considering that this is the first case report in literature, more clinical data are needed to confirm these findings