政府规制的技术嵌入:载体、优势与风险

社会和经济活动的日益复杂化对政府规制提出了新的挑战,为实现更好的规制必须借助新兴技术提升政府规制能力,促进政府规制转型。互联网、物联网、云计算、人工智能、区块链和块数据等技术嵌入政府规制,为规制转型增添了新动力,促进政府规制走向主体多元化、决策科学化、协作无缝隙化、程序透明化和治理精准化。然而,技术本身具有脱离控制的自主性,容易引发现实和潜在的技术风险,这些风险主要表现为数据缺陷、算法歧视、数据侵犯、信息安全风险、制度政策配套不足引发的风险等。为实现政府规制体系和规制能力现代化,需要在理解技术、相信技术和应用技术的同时,充分认识技术嵌入政府规制潜在的风险,摆正对技术的认知态度,在丰富和完善技术的同时,保障数据和隐私安全,建立健全政府规制的体制机制,从而可以扬技术之长而规避技术之险

Reserch Progresses in Ferrous Oxidation System of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

氧化亚铁硫杆菌(ACIdITHIObACIlluS fErrOOXIdAnS)为无机化能自养菌,革兰氏阴性,能在极端酸性环境中生长。由于在生物冶金中的应用及特殊的生理学效应,该菌受到研究者的广泛关注。A.fErrOOXIdAnS能氧化亚铁、元素硫及还原态硫化物获得电子,并通过一系列电子载体将电子传递给氧生成水,同时释放能量供生命活动需要。目前对A.fErrOOXIdAnS电子传递系统的研究主要集中于亚铁氧化电子传递系统,已发现多种与亚铁氧化电子传递相关电子载体和操纵子,如电子载体铜蓝蛋白(ruSTOCyAnIn,ruS)、细胞色素C(CyTOCHrOME C,CyC)、细胞色素C氧化酶(CyTOCHrOME COXIdASE,COX)、亚铁氧化酶(IrO)、细胞色素bC1复合物(CyTOCHrOME bC1 COMPlEX,bC1)等,以及ruS操纵子和PET操纵子。综述了近年来有关A.fErrOOXIdAnS亚铁氧化电子传递链相关蛋白载体,ruS和PET操纵子结构与功能及表达调控等方面的研究进展。Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans) is a sort of gram-negative,obligate autotrophic bacterium which can be capable of growing in extreme acidic environments.A.ferrooxidans has attracted great interest because it has been used in industrial mineral processing and features unusual physiology characteristics.A.ferrooxidans derives energy by oxidizing ferrous iron,elemental sulfur and its reduced compounds,during which the electrons are transferred to oxygen through a series of carriers.At present,the researches about oxidative system of A.ferrooxidans have mainly focused on the ferrous oxidation system,and several electron carriers and operons involved in ferrous oxidation have been identified,such as electron carrier Rustocyanin(Rus),Cytochrome C(Cyc),Cytochrome C oxidase(Cox),ferrous oxidase(Iro),cytochrome bc1 complex(bc1),and rus and pet operons.In this paper,the recent research progresses on structure and function and expression regulation of several electron carriers and operons(rus and pet operons)in A.ferrooxidans were discussed.海洋公益性科研专项(200805032);国际海底区域研发项目(DYXM-115-02-2-07);国家重点基础研究前期项目(2006CB708200

基于栖息地风险评价模型的海岸带滩涂湿地风险评价——以闽三角为例

海岸带湿地是生物多样性最丰富、生产力最高、最具价值的生态系统之一。然而近年来,随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,我国海岸带地区的土地利用正发生深刻变化,生态风险凸显。利用2000、2005、2010和2015年的Landsat TM/ETM+和Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像,融合行政区划图与地形图,并引入一个评价多元海洋、海岸带利用对栖息地造成风险的模型,即Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(In VEST)模型中的栖息地风险评价(Habitat Risk Assessment,HRA),模型评价闽三角海岸带滩涂湿地的生态风险。结果表明:(1)闽三角海岸带滩涂湿地风险以低风险为主;(2)泉州地区的风险面积最大(约4389.91 hm~2),漳州地区最小(约4630.73 hm~2);(3)修正面积影响的情况下,其他建设用地造成的暴露和影响较大,耕地造成的暴露和影响最小。不同区域滩涂湿地风险程度的可视化表达,可以揭示滩涂湿地高风险地区以及高风险的产生原因,便于管理者对滩涂湿地采取精准的保育措施。国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502900);;福建省科学技术厅民生科技专项(引导性项目)(2017Y6002);;福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2015J01122

Decolorization of dyes by a current-producing bacterium Shewanella marisflavi EP1 isolated from sea sediments

以一株新筛选得到的海洋产电菌SHEWAnEllA MArISflAVI EP1作为实验材料,研究了该菌株关于偶氮、蒽醌、三苯基甲烷等染料的脱色能力及脱色机制。结果表明,该菌株对这些染料均具有较好的脱色能力,最高脱色容量达到925 Mg染料/(g细胞干重.d)。EP1能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、木糖、乳酸、甲酸、柠檬酸等多种碳源将单偶氮染料丽春红2r脱色。脱色的PH、温度和nACl浓度范围分别是:PH 6-10、15°C-40°C、0-8%。最优脱色条件:乳酸,PH 8、35°C、1%-2%nACl,10 H内脱色率高达99.95%。分光光谱结果表明,在0-8%nACl浓度范围内EP1脱色机制为降解脱色。In this study,we investigated a new current-producing strain,Shewanella marisflavi EP1 isolated from costal sediments of Xiamen,its decolorization capability and mechanism of several types of dyes such as azo,anthraquinone and triphenyl methane.The results indicated that these dyes could be decolorized efficiently and the maximum capacity was 925 mg/(g cell dry weight·d) of Malachite Green.Strain EP1 could utilize various kinds of carbon sources,such as glucose,sucrose,xylose,lactate,formate and citrate for the decolorization of Xylidine Ponceau 2R.EP1 was active for decolorization in wide ranges of pH(6?10),temperture(15 °C?40 °C),and NaCl concentations(0?8%).The optimal conditions were pH 8.0,30 °C,1%?2% NaCl and lactate as carbon source,with a highest decolorization rate of 99.95% within 10 h.UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated that the mechanism of the azo dye was degradation in the range of 0?8% NaCl.中国大洋协会项目(No.DYXM-115-02-2-15);国家海洋局海洋生物遗传重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目(No.HY200904

Environmental Behavior and Risk Assessment of Organic Phosphorus Pesticides at Water from Jiulong River Estuary

利用SPE GC FPD测定了九龙江口水体中 1 7种有机磷农药的浓度 ,总有机磷农药 (1 7种 )的含量范围是1 3 4 8～ 3 5 4 6ng/L ,平均 2 2 7 2ng/L .对其各组分的含量与行为特征进行分析表明 ,5种有机磷农药 (甲胺磷、敌敌畏、马拉硫磷、氧乐果、乐果 )在各站位均占主要部分 ,其行为受复杂的来源输入及河口的水动力影响 .对九龙江口水体中的有机磷农药的含量与其他地区进行比较 ,评价了该河口水体中有机磷农药的污染水平及风险概率Organic phosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were determined by SPE-GC-FPD. The contents of the total seventeen OPPs ranged from 134.8ng/L to 354.6ng/L (the mean was 227.2ng/L) at water in Jiulong River Estuary (JLRE). The distribution and behavior characteristics of OPPs indicated that five main OPPs (Methamidophos, Dichlorvos, Malathion, Omethoate, Dimethoate) were predominant of the total OPPs, which were affected by the complicated hydrological kinetics. When compared with other areas, the OPPs concentration level in JLRE was some moderate. But the risk evaluation of OPPs in JLRE indicated that some kinds of OPPs (Methamidophos, Dichlorvos, Omethoate) had threat to the ecological environment and human health.海洋环境科学教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(MEL0 10 4);; 中国博士后科学基金项目 ( 2 0 0 2 466

高致病性禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白广谱中和表位模拟肽的筛选与鉴定

以H5N1型禽流感病毒HA蛋白广谱中和单抗8H5为基础,利用噬菌体展示肽库技术及类病毒颗粒融合表达技术研究HA模拟表位。ELISA检测结果显示:筛选获得模拟HA表位的模拟肽123,进行类病毒颗粒融合蛋白表达后,仍具有与8H5单抗特异结合的能力。免疫荧光检测结果说明,类病毒颗粒免疫小鼠后产生了能与HA交叉反应的抗体。禽流感病毒HA模拟表位的研究与性质的分析及类病毒颗粒融合蛋白的表达与活性分析、免疫原性分析,都为研制禽流感通用表位疫苗奠定了基础

Community structure of marine ultraphytoplankton in Xiamen waters using photosynthetic pigments

应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)方法对厦门海域9个站位水样进行分析,对色素数据进行换算,结果表明在厦门海域超微型浮游植物优势类群是绿藻,而总浮游植物优势类群是硅藻;超微型浮游植物对总浮游植物生物量贡献为总生物量1.5%～11%,超微型粒级细胞在一些类群中(绿藻、金藻)中占有很大比重。在超微型浮游类群组成中没有甲藻纲,而蓝藻丰度也非常低。超微型浮游植物组成结构厦门港富营养化水域呈单优势类群结构,在九龙江河口区域受冲淡水与陆源成分影响,结构较为复杂。Photosynthetic pigments were measured by RP-HPLC in seawaters samples of Xiamen in winter(December, 2002), and the diagnostic pigment data were converted into chlorophyll a biomass to assess the community structure both in total and ultra-size phytoplankton. The result showed that chlorophyte was dominant group in ultra-phytoplankton community, while diatoms was prevaided in total phytoplankton community. The biomass of ultra-phytoplankton only occupied about 1.5% to 11% biomass of all phytoplankton(indicated by Chlorophyll a), however, the ultra-size phytoplankton contributed a large proportion of biomass in chlorophyte and prymnesiaphyceae. Both dinophyceae and cyanobacteria were not detected in ultraphytoplankton community. Community structure of ultraphytoplankton was simple in eutrophic aquicultral waters, while complicated in Jiulong River estuary.国家自然科学基金(40276039,40076031

Research progress of high voltage electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

随着对锂离子电池能量密度要求的提高,新一代高电压锂离子电池和与之匹配的高电压电解液的研究开发也日益受到重视。从优化电解液的组成和使用具有特殊功能的新型溶剂、添加剂等方面对锂离子电池高电压电解液的研究进行分析和总结,并对未来的应用前景进行展望。With the increasing requirements for the lithium-ion battery energy density, more and more attentions are focused on the research and development of a new generation of high voltage lithium-ion battery and high voltage electrolyte.The recent research progress related to high voltage electrolyte solutions was analyzed and summarized from the electrolyte composition, special solvent and additives

旋转玻碳电极上二茂铁的电化学阻抗行为及其与DNA的相互作用

应用旋转圆盘电极和电化学阻抗法研究了二茂铁在Tris-NaC l(pH=7.2)缓冲溶液中于旋转玻碳电极上的电化学阻抗行为及其与DNA的相互作用.结果表明,二茂铁于旋转电极的伏安曲线呈现明显的极限电流平阶,而其交流阻抗谱则出现两个电容弧.二茂铁与DNA的作用,若受扩散过程控制则其极限扩散电流随DNA浓度增大而减小,而在电化学控制过程中则表现为电化学反应电阻随DNA浓度增大而增大.根据旋转圆盘电极和电化学阻抗谱测试,表明由这两种方法数据拟合求得的二茂铁条件电位速率常数能够很好地相互吻合,但如存在DNA时,则其条件电位速率常数有一定程度的减小

Establishment of air pollutant emission inventory in the West Coast of Taiwan Strait

以2009年为基准年,结合污染源普查数据、统计年鉴及工业活动、居民生活等多个方面对海峡西岸经济区包括SO2、nOX、PM2.5、VOCS和nH3在内的大气污染物的排放量进行了估算,建立了海西区大气污染物排放清单.结果发现,上述5类污染物基准年的排放量分别为40.67x104、55.84x104、50.57x104、152.26x104和26.18x104T.其中,SO2、nOX及PM2.5的排放主要来自电厂,占排放总量的比例分别为25.58%、34.89%和38.75%;VOCS和nH3的主要排放源分别来自植被排放和养殖业,其贡献量分别为49.12%和47.07%.采用gIS对排放清单进行网格化处理,得出SO2、nOX及PM2.5的高排放强度区域与固定源的空间分布较为一致.此外,结合国家和地方“十二五“发展规划,采用情景分析方法估算了2015年海西区大气污染物的排放清单.与基准年相比,SO2、nOX和nH3的排放量呈下降趋势,PM2.5和VOCS的排放量呈大幅度增加.基准年排放清单的不确定性分析显示,VOCS排放估算的不确定度最大,为225%.The emission inventories of SO2,NOx,PM2.5,VOCsand NH3 in the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone in the base year of 2009 were established based on the pollution source census,statistical yearbooks,industrial activities and residential activities.The total emissions of SO2,NOx,PM2.5,VOCs and NH3 were estimated to be 40.67×104,55.84×104,50.57×104,152.26×104and 26.18×104t,respectively.The power plants were the most important source and contributed to 25.58%,34.89% and 38.75% of the total emissions of SO2,NOxand PM2.5,respectively.However,the major source of VOCs and NH3 was vegetation and livestock breeding,which contributed to 49.12% and 47.07% of the total,respectively.The relative high emission areas of SO2,NOxand PM2.5were consistent with the locations of stationary sources based on GIS gridding techniques.In addition,the emission inventories in the year of 2015 were calculated using scenario analysis method based on the national and regional 12thFive-Year Plans.The emissions of SO2,NOx,and NH3 showed a slight decrease while the emissions of PM2.5and VOCs increase significantly(around 24.18% and 74.42%,respectively) in 2015,as compared to those in 2009.The estimate of VOCs had the highest uncertainty of around 225%.环境保护公益性行业科研专项(No.201009004); 厦门大学山海基金(No.2013SH011)~