Simulation of virtual tactile sense using DDFS circuit

When making a high performance haptic interface, it is very important to have high safty and high position resolution. Up untill now, almost all haptic interfaces have used velocity control mode or torque control mode in order to achieve impedance control. When the servo controller of haptic interface has been used to analog circuits, there are always noise problems, in turn, affect position resolution. We tried analog viscosity/elastic control board with filtering to solve this noise problem. But the result was also same. To solve this noise problem, it is fundamental to use digital circuits to make a high performance haptic interface which has safety and position resolution. When the servo driver is in position mode, the input signal is limitted by the number of pulses. In order to regulate velocity control mode, we have to manipulate the pulse of frequency. We fabricated a DDFS circuit to control the pulse frequency, and used this signal. We then were able to simulate simple reflect force experiment and texture sense in a digital circuit

Overexpression of VTE1 from Arabidopsis Resulting in High Vitamin E Accumulationand Salt Stress Tolerance Increase in Tobacco Plant~ *

维生素E在动物细胞内具有抗氧化等重要作用,但在植物体内的功能却鲜为人知.本实验利用CaMV35S启动子与来源于拟南芥的编码生育酚环化酶(TC)的cDNA(VTE1)构建的嵌合表达载体,以根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草W38.实验结果表明,具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株经RT-PCR检测,得到了与阳性对照一致的495bp的目标片段;转基因植株的VE含量比对照植株高2倍左右,个别株系高达11倍.实验还发现,在耐盐性实验中转基因植株对盐的抗性明显高于野生型烟草;同时,在不同盐浓度(150、250mmol/L)胁迫下转基因植株VE含量比未转化植株增加了1.3~1.8倍,首次证明VTE1与植物耐盐性之间的关系.图7参30Vitamin E is an essential antioxidant in the human cells, while its function in plants is unknown. In this study, tobacco W38 was transformed with a construct containing a cDNA insert encoding tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) from Arabidopsis under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The transgenic tobacco plants were confirmed by RT-PCR, which yielded the same PCR product of 495 bp as the positive control. Compared to the wild type controls, up to 11 times of vitamin E were accumulated in different transgenic lines. Interestingly, the over-expression of VTE1 dramatically increased the salt stress tolerance in tobacco plants. To our knowledge, it is first reported that VTE1 can increase salt stress tolerance in plants. Fig 7, Ref 30国家自然科学基金重点项目~

Kinematic Trunk Analysis during the Boxing Defense : Thoracolumber Spine Motion in "Swaying"

Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the three-dimentional Kinematics of the trunk between skilled and novice boxers in the boxing defense (Swaying thechnique). Methods : Eight university boxers (BOX) and seven university students without the boxing experience (CON) were subjects. The angle of thoracolumbar vertebrae was measured by the three-dimensional magnetic position sensor. The trunk angle, the hip joint angle, and the knee joint angle were measured with three-dimensional motion analysis system. Results : As a result of the three-dimensional magnetic position sensor, there was not the difference to thoracolumbar vertebrae extension angle, and the thoracolumbar vertebrae extension angle was about 23 degrees. From three-dimensional motion analysis, CON suited the tendency for the knee joint angle of non dominant leg to be larger than BOX (p＝0.06). Discussion : The possibility that a lumbar extension contributed to the low back pain onset of the boxer was suggested

Which muscle begins to contract fastest in the punch of boxing?

The purpose of this study was to have verified a muscle that began to contract fastest in the punch of boxing. The Fifteen university-age males with no history of chronic low back pain participated in the study. Participants were ranked as BOX (n=8) or CON (n=7). Subjects performed a straight punch with the rear arm (dominant arm). Electromyographic activity of deltoid muscle, rectus femoris muscle, rectus abdominis muscle, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle-transversus abdominis muscle; IO-TrA, multifidus muscle were measured. As a result, the IO-TrA was invariably the first contractive muscle in BOX and CON, supporting the hypothesized role of this muscle in spinal stiffness generation