The Study of Storm Surge Overbank Warning Assistant Decision Model for Fujian Province

本文为解决由于台风路径预报偏差而可能带来的风暴潮预警漏报、误报问题，提出一种基于假想台风增水数据库的风暴潮增水快速预报算法和基于台风路径预报概率圆的风暴潮集合预报、预警模式。首先建立了福建沿海风暴潮数值模型，并利用多年来的福建沿海实测潮位资料对该模型进行了检验，进而运用该模型研究了福建沿海风暴潮增水对台风参数改变的响应以及福建沿海风暴潮－天文潮非线性耦合效应。在此基础上研究建立了基于风暴潮增水数据库的查算方法，结合台风路径“概率圆”预报思路，提出了基于台风路径预报概率信息系统建立了福建省风暴潮漫堤预警辅助决策系统，为防灾减灾提供辅助决策支持。该系统已于2008年台风季节开始投入业务化试用。本文...Storm surge warning could be failure and misdeclared when the typhoon track forecasting deviate from the real track. A storm-surge computation method based on surge database and also an ensemble prediction model based on probability circle of typhoon track forecasting were studied to solute the problem. First of all, a one-way nested coupled storm surge numerical model was established and used to ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_物理海洋学学号：2242006115228

基于潮汐表数据同化的天文潮数值预报模型及其模拟预报效果

[摘要]：潮汐表是利用长期潮汐观测结果经调和分析实现的主要港湾潮汐预报结果, 具有较高的预报 精度, 而通常的天文潮数值预报目前还难以达到潮汐表的预报精度. 本研究在建立常规天文潮数值 预报模型的基础上, 建立了基于潮汐表数据同化的天文潮数值预报模型, 并分别采用这2种模型预 报福建沿岸海域的天文潮. 其结果表明同化模型的预报结果无论是在潮时还是在潮高均明显优于 常规模型; 同化模型能显著地改善所研究的沿岸海域90个水位点中至少45个水位点的潮汐预报 结果, 而其他水位点的预报结果也有不同程度地改善.国家863 计划重大资助项目( 2006AA09A302-6

Expression of the coat protein gene of IHHNV in shrimp in Pichia Pastoris

对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒是“须向OIE申报的甲壳动物重要疾病“之一。将该病毒主要结构蛋白基因克隆至毕赤酵母穿梭表达质粒PPIC9k,构建重组表达载体(命名为PPIC9k-IV),限制性内切酶bglⅡ对其进行酶切线性化,采用电穿孔法转化到毕赤酵母gS115宿主菌。采用PCr方法分析和g418筛选来鉴定重组的毕赤酵母,诱导表达的产物分别进行ElISA分析或WESTErn blOT免疫印迹鉴定,分泌表达产物分子量大小为40ku左右,原核表达时制备的兔抗对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒衣壳蛋白的血清可与真核表达的目的蛋白发生特异性反应。The infectious hypodermal & haematopoietic necrosis virus is one of the main diseases of the penaeid shrimp.The gene of coat protein of IHHNV was constructed into Pichia Pastoris secretory expression vectors pPIC9K,named pPIC9K-IV.The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K-IV was linearized with BglⅡ,and then was transformed into Pichia Pastoris GS115 by electroporation.After PCR analysis and G418 screening,the pPIC9KIV recombinant was expressed with 0.8%(V/V) methanol.The expression product was confirmed by Western blot and ELISA analysis.The results showed that the coat protein was successfully expressed,its product was about 40ku,and could recognized specifically by rabbit polyclonal anti-serum.国家质检总局科技基金资助项目(2006IK015

硅基纳米杂化锂离子电池负极材料合成及性能研究

与目前商业化使用的石墨负极材料相比,硅基材料因其超高的理论比容量(4200 mAh/g),资源丰富,环境友好,安全性高等优点被视为最具潜力的下一代锂离子电池负极材料。但是在嵌锂过程中,硅因剧烈的体积膨胀(约400%)极易造成材料的粉化,从而使其循环稳定性降低;另外,硅作为一种半导体材料,其导电性较差。为了提高硅的电化学性能,通常采用纳米化、复合化及多层次结构化等方法制备电化学性能良好的硅基负极材料。基于此,本论文主要采用与金属银复合及与过渡金属氧化物二氧化钛复合来缓解硅的体积膨胀,从而提高其循环稳定性。第一,以(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂(MPTMS)作为桥连剂,制备Si/Ag/MPTMS纳米复合材料。金属银具有良好的机械强度和导电性能,可以有效吸收硅因体积膨胀产生的应力和提高硅基材料的导电性。MPTMS具有双官能团作用,一端的巯基与银纳米粒子形成配位键相连,另一端的烷氧基团(-OCH3)可以与硅纳米粒子表面的羟基(-OH)反应形成硅氧(Si-O-Si)键。MPTMS通过化学键的作用将硅纳米粒子和银纳米粒子连接起来,相较于单纯依靠物理作用的硅银复合,其作用力更强,更有利于维持循环过程中结构的完整性。即使在循环过程中硅粒子破裂。破裂的硅颗粒之间也可以通过MPTMS和银纳米粒子连接起来,而不至于失去电接触。在极片负载量为1 mg/cm~2以上时,以200 mA/g的电流密度进行充放电测试,Si/Ag负极材料在循环100次后其容量降低到0 mAh/g左右,而Si/Ag/MPTMS的容量仍可达到517 mAh/g。且在1000 mA/g的电流密度下,Si/Ag/MPTMS的容量可达1000 mAh/g左右。第二,采用功能溶剂热与高温煅烧相结合的方法,制备了Si/TiO_2/C纳米复合材料。大量平均粒径为7 nm左右的TiO_2均匀分散在硅纳米粒子周围,能有效吸收硅在循环过程中因体积产生的应力,保持材料的稳定性,碳材料的存在有利于提高材料导电性能。相较于Si/C、TiO_2/C复合材料,Si/TiO_2/C具有更好的电化学性能。煅烧温度、TiO_2含量及溶剂热过程是否搅拌等因素都会影响二氧化钛的晶型或尺寸大小,从而影响Si/TiO_2/C纳米复合材料的电化学性能。在溶剂热的过程中进行搅拌,经800oC煅烧处理,TiO_2含量达到72%的样品电化学性能较好。在0.1 A/g的电流密度下充放电,其首次放电容量为658 mAh/g,首次库伦效率为83%,循环80次后,其容量仍能达到538 mAh/g;在2 A/g和5 A/g的电流密度下,容量分别可达到约250 mAh/g和120 mAh/g

Study on Selective Liquefaction with Phenol for Fraction Separation of Straw

苯酚液化是木质纤维素液化的重要手段。木质纤维素是不均一的原料，而完全液化研究将其看作是&ldquo;单一&rdquo;的原料。针对这一问题本文以秸秆为原料，采用选择性液化的方式对其进行了苯酚液化，并针对固体产物和液体产物分别进行了应用研究。 针对秸秆原料不均一的特点，采用选择性液化的方式对秸秆进行了液化研究，并比较了选择性液化与完全液化。结果表明：低温下适当的浓硫酸用量、较高的苯酚用量、适当的反应时间有利于保留纤维素而选择性液化半纤维素和木质素，选择性液化条件优化表明在浓硫酸用量为（占总反应体系的比例）3 %，反应温度100 ℃，反应时间30 min，苯酚/秸秆用量（w/w）3，选择性液化达到最佳效果，此时秸秆中纤维素保留率达70 %，而液化产物结合酚含量可达100 %。与完全液化相比，选择性液化反应条件温和，并且保留了大量的纤维素，大大提高了原料利用价值。 利用苯酚选择性液化特点，将其作为秸秆组分分离和增强底物纤维素酶酶解的手段，实现了秸秆组分的有效分离，提高了底物纤维素酶酶解效果。苯酚选择性液化使得秸秆中大量的木质素和半纤维素液化，而保留了纤维素，低温（100 ℃左右），H2SO4浓度3 %～4 %，苯酚/秸秆用量为3～4条件下，苯酚选择性液化可在20 min内快速脱除秸秆中的半纤维素和木质素（木质素脱除率&ge;70 %），而保留纤维素，纤维素回收率&ge;80 %，从而实现了秸秆组分的有效分离。苯酚选择性液化制得的预处理秸秆具有较好的纤维素酶解效果，100 ℃，H2SO4浓度3 %，苯酚/秸秆用量为3，液化时间为60min时得到的苯酚选择性液化残渣酶解率&ge;65 % 。 为考察苯酚选择性液化产物的实用性，文中研究了秸秆选择性液化产物的性质，并以此为原料合成了树脂类胶黏剂。结果表明：浓硫酸用量3 %，反应温度100 ℃，苯酚/秸秆用量（w/w）3时，秸秆苯酚选择性液化产物结合酚含量在0～30 min内呈直线增加趋势，30 min时结合酚含量达到100 %，30 min后液化产物结合酚含量缓慢增加，60 min时液化产物结合酚含量达到120 %。以上述30 min时得到的选择性液化产物为原料合成的树脂类胶黏剂达到GB/T 14732-2006标准。;It&rsquo;s an important way to liquefy lignocelluloses with phenol. Lignocelluloses, which were regarded as homogeneous materials in complete liquefaction, are actually inhomogeneous. In this paper, wheat straw is used as raw material and a selective liquefaction way is proposed to make it liquefied, and at the mean time, application of products from the liquefaction is also being discussed. Based on the inhomogeneity of wheat straw, the selective liquefaction way was used to make it liquefied, and differences between the selective way and the complete way were compared. The results indicated that proper catalyst concentration and reaction time, higher phenol dosage with lower temperature were needed to save cellulose and liquefy hemicellulose and lignin. The optimized conditions for selective liquefaction were H2SO4 (catalyst weight to whole reaction system) 3 %, 100 ℃, 30 min, and phenol/straw ratio 3, in this condition, the recovery content of cellulose was above 70 %, and the combined phenol-to-yield can reach 100 %. Moreover, compared with complete liquefaction, the selective liquefaction, which was more gentle, can rescue cellulose in order to elevate the value of raw material. Based on the characters of selective liquefaction, it can be used as a way for fraction separation and enhancing its enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. The selective liquefaction, where large amounts of lignin and hemicellulose were liquefied with cellulose retained, was suitable for fraction separation, in the case of that 100 ℃, sulfuric acid concentration 3 %～4 %, phenol/straw ratio 3～4, lignin and hemicellulose can be liquefied in 20 min, where the removal content of lignin is above 70 % and the recovery content of cellulose is above 80 %. Furthermore, the unliquefied residues obtained in the selective liquefaction have high susceptibility of enzymatic digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis yields of residues, obtained at 100 ℃, sulfuric acid concentration 3 %, phenol/straw ratio 3 for 60 min, can be as high as 65 % in 48 h. In order to make the liquefied products more practical, properties of the liquefied products have been discussed and phenol-formaldehyde type adhesives have been synthesized from that. Results showed that in the case of 100 ℃, sulfuric acid concentration 3%, and phenol/straw ratio (w/w) 3, the combined phenol-to-yield content of liquefied products was increasing linearly in the initial 30 min, and it could achieve 100 % at 30 min. However, the combined phenol-to-yield content of liquefied products was increasing slowly after that and it could get 120 % at 60 min. In addition, adhesives synthesized from the liquefied products obtained at 30 min could meet the standard of GB/T 14732-2006.</p

秸秆苯酚选择性液化研究

苯酚液化是生物质液化的重要手段,农作物秸秆是一种不均一的原料,而完全液化将其看作是&quot;单一&quot;的原料,针对这一问题本研究采用选择性液化处理方式对小麦秸秆进行了苯酚液化,并对比了选择性液化与完全液化。结果表明:低温下适当的浓硫酸用量、较高的苯酚用量、适当的反应时间有利于保留纤维素而选择性液化半纤维素和木质素;与完全液化处理方式相比,选择性液化反应条件温和,保留了大量的纤维素,大大提高了原料利用价值。通过均匀试验和数据回归分析并实验验证得到选择性液化优化条件为:浓硫酸用量占总反应体系质量分数的3.0%,反应温度100℃,反应时间30min,苯酚与秸秆质量比3∶1,纤维素残留率达70%,而液化产物结合酚质量分数可达100%

Numerical Experiments of Storm Surges Along Fujian Coast

福建沿岸风暴潮灾害严重,为研发具有快速预警能力的福建沿岸风暴潮漫堤预警辅助决策系统,建立了福建沿岸台风暴潮数值模型,并对31个历史台风引起的福建沿岸风暴潮进行了后报模拟,结果与实际较为吻合.进而分别就台风前期近中心最大风速、前期中心移动速度和前期中心移动方向对后期增水的影响进行了数值实验.结果表明:在预报的台风参数的可能变化幅度范围内,前期台风参数对后期增水的影响较小.实验获得的最大绝对差值均远小于一般的风暴潮后报误差.Storm surges induce heavily disaster along the Fujian coast.In order to develop a fast storm surge warning system for Fujian,a one-way nested coupled storm surge numerical model was established and used to simulate the storm surges induced by 31 typhoon landfalls along the Fujian coast.The results were satisfactory and numerical experiments were then performed to study the variability of storm surges induced by the cyclone parameters and which were different from those 6/12 hours before landing.Parameters such as the maximum wind speed,typhoon track,and typhoon velocity were considered in these experiments.The experiments demonstrate that these typhoon parameters,which varied in their possible ranges when they were forecasted,induced little effect on storm surges when typhoons land.And the maximum Absolute discrepant is far smaller than the error of general storm surge prediction.国家863计划重大项目(2006AA09A302-6)资

A tide-storm surge-wave coupled inundation warning system for Fujian coast

基于SWAN模式和MATLAB GUI软件建立了福建沿岸天文潮-风暴潮-台风浪耦合漫堤预警系统。该系统包含天文潮-风暴潮-台风浪耦合计算模式和海堤预警显示两部分:天文潮-风暴潮-海浪耦合水位计算采用自主研发的FETSWCM模式(Finite Element Tide-Storm Surge-Wave Coupled Model),台风浪计算采用SWAN模式(Simulation WAve Nearshore),耦合计算时FETSWCM为SWAN提供风场、水位场及流场,SWAN为FETSWCM提供波浪辐射应力;海堤预警显示基于MATLAB GUI软件交互界面,根据模式计算波浪爬高所及高程结果(天文潮-风暴潮耦合水位与波浪爬高的和)对福建沿岸海堤进行可视化预警报。使用该系统进行两场台风过程福建省沿岸的漫堤后报检验,结果表明:1312号台风过程7条海堤及1319号台风过程东山县8条海堤漫堤预警准确率为87%。A visualized inundation warning system which coupled tide, storm surge and wave was established for the Fujian coast based on FORTRAN and MATLAB GUI. The water raise height coupled tide, storm surge and wave was simulated by FETSWCM, and the wave height was simulated by SWAN. In each step, FETSWCM and SWAN shared wind, water level, current and radiation stress gradient. The warning height is based on the above simulations. The warning of the seawalls along Fujian Coast can display by MATLAB GUI. The warning of typhoon TRAMI and USAGI for 15 seawalls along Fujian Coast were successful with the accuracy of 87%.国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAB04B01

Numerical Experiments of the Influence of Tide on Waves in Taiwan Strait

引用第三代海浪模型SWAn(SIMulATIOn WAVES nEArSHOrE),首先模拟了台湾海峡冬季大风过程所致的海浪,模拟结果与浮标实测波高吻合较好;进而就潮流对海浪的影响进行了数值实验.在不同风速下,模拟了有潮流影响和无潮流影响下的有效波高,结果表明:潮流对海浪有效波高的影响呈现明显的潮周期振荡性质,对同一潮流场,波高振荡的振幅随有效波高的增大而增大,且拟合了波高振荡的平均振幅A与有效波高HS的关系,定量描述潮流对海浪的影响.The third-generation wave model SWAN(simulation waves nearshore) was used to simulate the waves under wind field measured in Taiwan Strait.The simulation results are in good agreement with buoy measured effective wave heights.Then the numerical experiments of the influence of tide on waves were studied.Under the different wind speed,the model SWAN was used to simulate the effective wave heights with and without the tide.The simulation results were compared and found that:first,the effects of tide on the waves showed significant tidal oscillations;for the same tidal field,tidal oscillation amplitude increased with the increasing of the wave height;and the relationship between the amplitude of the wave height a and the effective wave height Hs was conducted to describe the influence of tide on waves quantitatively.海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项

Effect of the 2010 Chile Ocean Tsunami on Seas Surrounding Taiwan

2010年2月27日南美洲智利中部近岸发生强震并引发海啸.利用海啸期间台湾周边海域验潮站的潮位资料,分析了此次海啸对台湾周边海域的影响,海啸波通过太平洋于震后25.5H到达台湾周边海域,最大波高达44CM.进而从理论上讨论了海啸传播时间和波高变化的简单计算方法,并引入了波高衰减因子.结果表明,该简单计算方法能快速且较准确地计算出海啸波的传播时间,引入的波高衰减因子,可在一定程度上为台湾周边海域海啸的方便快捷的预警提供参考.A great earthquake occurred off the central coast of Chile,South America,on February 27,2010,and produced tsunami.The data recorded by tide gauges surrounding Taiwan were analyzed in the study.After 25.5 hours of the earthquake,the tsunami wave arrived at tide gauges through the Pacific Ocean,and the maximum wave height recorded was 44 cm.Then a theoretical method was discussed to calculate the tsunami wave propagation time,otherwise wave height attenuation factor was used to measure the wave height.The results showed that the theoretical method could calculate the propagation time quickly and accurately,and the wave height attenuation factor provides a convenient and efficient reference on tsunami warning for seas surrounding Taiwan.海洋公益性行业科研专研经费项目(200905013-7