The artificial fertilization and hatching of Engraulis japonicus

The natural parent fish of Engraulis japonicus was caught with bottom trawler from Haizhou Bay in the Yellow Sea and the eggs were artificially fertilized. The fertilized eggs began to divide in 40min, to be 16 cell stage in 1h30min, late cleavage stage in 2h50min, blastula stage in 5h, closure of the blastopore in 17h10min, hatching in 37h50min after fertilization, and the process of embryonic development was about 38h at 21.6～ 24.0℃ .国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G19990 43 70 0 );; 国家自然科学基金 (3 9970 5 80 );; 华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室2 0 0 1年度开放基金资

黄海带鱼、小带鱼RAPD和线粒体16S rRNA基因序列变异分析

对黄海带鱼、小带鱼各12个个体进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,对比多态位点比例、遗传多态度以及遗传距离,并构建Neighbor-joining系统树;通过PCR扩增出线粒体16SrRNA基因,纯化后直接测序,利用生物信息学方法进行序列分析和核苷酸变异比较,结合GenBank上大西洋叉尾带鱼同源序列构建UPGMA系统树.分析结果表明:(1)RAPD技术研究黄海带鱼和小带鱼的遗传多样性具有较高的灵敏度和检出率,带鱼的多态比例和遗传多态度均较小带鱼的低;(2)线粒体16S rRNA基因序列在分析这两物种遗传变异时表现出保守和变异的双重特性,种内变异极小而种间较大;(3)5个随机引物扩增出种特异的RAPD带,可作为种间分子鉴定标记;(4)研究证实带鱼和小带鱼是不同属的两个种,从而在基因水平上支持了Nelson分类系统的观点.国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(批准号:G19990437

The genetic diversity in Pseudosciaena polyactis, Trichiurus lepturus, Eupleurogrammus muticus and the molecular phylogeny of eight Sciaenoid species in the neritic waters of China

石首鱼科（Sciaenidae）和带鱼科（Trichiuridae）鱼类是我国“四大渔业”的主要组成，许多种类如小黄鱼（PseudosciaenapolyactisBleeker1877）、带鱼（TrichiuruslepturusLinnaeus1785）等为重要的海洋渔业捕捞对象。然而，持续多年的过度捕捞和栖息地的破坏，已经造成经济种类资源的严重衰竭，并出现种群结构简单化，个体小型化和性早熟等异常现象。 现代遗传学观点认为，一个物种的遗传多样性高低与其适应能力、生存能力和进化潜力密切相关，遗传变异是有机体适应环境变化的必要条件。因此，研究物种的遗传结构和遗传分化，揭示其遗传多样性水平是生...The thesis mainly contains three parts as followings: Part one: The genetic diversity in Pseudosciaena polyactis P. polyactis is a commercially important fish species and widely distributed in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the northern part of the East China Sea. For the purpose of conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable species, it was necessary to investigate the genetic ...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：B20002700

Genetic diversity in small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis) by RAPD analysis

小黄鱼 (Pseudosciaenapolyactis)是我国近海重要经济鱼类之一。本文分析了采自黄海和东海 5个海区共计4 8个个体小黄鱼的随机扩增DNA多态性 (RAPD)。从 4 0个 10bp引物中选取 2 0个用于群体遗传多样性分析 ,共检测出 14 5个位点 ,其中 132个 (91.0 3% )显多态性。用Shannon多样性指数量化的平均遗传多态度为 1.93(1.5 0～ 2 .4 4 ) ,群体内和群体间的遗传变异比例分别为 6 9%和 31% ;群体间的平均遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为 0 .9139和 0 .0 86 1。用非加权配对算数平均法 (UPGMA)聚类分析的结果表明 ,所分析的 5个群体可分为 3个地理群系 ,从分子水平上支持了过去有关学者把黄海和东海的小黄鱼划分为北、中、南 3个地理群系的观点Pseudosciaena polyactis is a commercially important fish species which is widely distributed in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the northern part of the East China Sea. Forty eight individuals of P. polyactis from five sampling areas in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to determine the genetic variation among and within the stocks. A total of 145 loci were amplified using 20 random primers, of which 132 loci (91.03%) were polymorphic. Genetic diversity quantified by Shannon index varied from 1.50 to 2.44 with an average of 1.93. Partition of genetic variation indicated that 69% was distributed within stocks and 31% among stocks. The average genetic similarity and genetic distance were 0.9139 and 0.0861, respectively. Cluster analysis by UPGMA indicated that these five stocks might be divided into three groups. Results of RAPD analysis suggested extensive genetic diversity exists in this species and the genetic divergence among stocks is relatively high. The UPGMA dendrogram showed that there existed three geographic populations of P. polyactis in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, which supports previous conclusions based on morphological and ecological methods.国家重点基础研究专项资助项目 (G19990 43 7

Study on the Effects of Ultrasonic Wave on Hatching of Fertilized Egg in Four Marine Fish

采用复合式纵向压电换能器 ,谐振频率为 2 1.5k Hz,谐振阻抗为 12 0Ω ,施加电压值为 80 V的超声波辐照海水鱼类受精卵 ,研究不同的超声辐射时间和辐射次数对大弹涂鱼、中华乌塘鳢、真鲷和大黄鱼受精卵孵化的影响 .结果表明 ,超声处理大弹涂鱼胚胎发育后期的受精卵 ,可提高其孵化率 ,但对大弹涂鱼和中华乌塘鳢胚胎发育早期受精卵的孵化有负面影响 .每次辐射时间为 1min、总辐射次数为 4次的辐射剂量有利于真鲷受精卵的孵化 ;每次辐射时间超过 1min,孵化率降低 .以每次辐射时间为 10 s或 30 s处理大黄鱼受精卵 ,其孵化率分别比对照组高出 10 %和 12 %Effects of fixed frequency and intensity ultrasonic waves, with different radiation duration and times, on hatching of fertilized egg in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (Linnaeus), Bostrichthys sinensis (Lacepede), Pagrosomus major (Temminck et Schlegel) and Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) were investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic radiation increased hatching rates of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris fertilized eggs for late developmental embryos, but it had negative effects on the hatching of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and Bostrichthys sinensis fertilized eggs for early developmental embryos. Ultrasonic radiation, in 1 minute each time and 4 times total, was favorable to the hatching of Pagrosomus major fertilized eggs, whereas the hatching rates decreased if the radiation treatment duration was over 1 minute each time. Hatching rates of Pseudosciaena crocea fertilized eggs, treated with ultrasonic radiation in 10 s or 30 s each time, were 10% or 12% higher than that of the control.福建省自然科学基金资助项目!( B9910 0 0 6,B0 0 10 0 0 5

中国近海8种石首鱼类的线粒体16S rRNA基因序列变异及其分子系统进化

通过PCR扩增出中国近海石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)6属8个代表种的线粒体16S rRNA基因,纯化后直接测序.利用多个生物软件对序列变异和碱基组成进行分析,计算Kimura 2-parameter遗传距离、平均核苷酸变异数、平均每位点核苷酸替代数等遗传信息指数,并结合GenBank上大斑石鲈(Pomadasys maculates)同源序列构建UPGMA,NJ,ME和MP系统树.结果表明,叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)为最早分化的一枝,其次为黄姑鱼(Nibea albiflora)和白姑鱼(Argyrosomus ar-gentatus),而黄鱼亚科(包括大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucids)、黑鳃梅童鱼(Collichthys niveatus)和鲵鱼(Miichthys miiuy))分化最晚,这支持了形态学得出的结论.在分子水平上明确了叫姑鱼亚科和黄鱼亚科的系统进化地位,并得出黄姑鱼比白姑鱼更早分化的新推论,但对于形态学上将白姑鱼和黄姑鱼归属于同一个亚科的结论还有待使用多个不同进化速率的基因加以分析考证.为探讨中国石首鱼类分子系统进化做了尝试,并就线粒体16S rRNA基因在该科鱼类系统进化研究的应用潜力进行了剖析.国家重点基础研究发展规划(批准号:G19990437);; 国家自然科学基金(批准号:30271027)资助项

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p → ν K + searches*

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this study, the potential of searching for proton decay in the $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated. The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar{\nu} K^+$ is 36.9% ± 4.9% with a background level of $0.2\pm 0.05({\rm syst})\pm$$0.2({\rm stat})$ events after 10 years of data collection. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies