锌介导的炔酰胺串联氧化/卤化反应合成α-卤代酰胺

α-卤代酰胺是一类十分重要的羰基化合物,广泛存在于众多天然产物和生物活性分子之中.本工作实现了通过卤化锌同时作为催化剂和卤素源的炔酰胺串联氧化/卤化反应,从而避免使用其他的外加卤化试剂.该反应可以中等到良好的产率得到一系列合成上非常有用的α-卤代酰胺化合物

古尔班通古特沙漠人工林土壤水分及其影响因素

通过2004年2～12月对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘2年生人工梭梭和沙拐枣混交林内3条典型坡面土壤水分进行了系统监测与研究。结果表明:人工林土壤水分状况受季节性降水、人工林种植密度、地形因子的影响而出现明显的时空分异。在空间上将土壤水分变化划分为三层,0～30cm为活跃层,30～60 cm为次活跃层,60～120 cm为相对稳定层。通过主成分分析,得出地形因子、种植密度对0～30 cm土层土壤水分的影响次序为坡度>坡向>种植密度>高程,30～60 cm土层为坡向>种植密度>坡度>高程,60～120 cm土层为种植密度>高程>坡度>坡向

Musical Expertise and Melodic Structure in Memory for Musical Notation

Two experiments plus a pilot investigated the role of melodic structure on short-term memory for musical notation by musicians and nonmusicians. In the pilot experiment, visually similar melodies that had been rated as either good or bad were presented briefly, followed by a 15-sec retention interval and then recall. Musicians remembered good melodies better than they remembered bad ones: nonmusicians did not distinguish between them. In the second experiment, good, bad, and random melodies were briefly presented, followed by immediate recall. The advantage of musicians over nonmusicians decreased as the melody type progressed from good to bad to random. In the third experiment, musicians and nonmusicians divided the stimulus melodies into groups. For each melody, the consistency of grouping was correlated with memory performance in the first two experiments. Evidence was found for use of musical groupings by musicians and for use of a simple visual strategy by nonmusicians. The nature of these musical groupings and how they may be learned are considered. The relation of this work to other studies of comprehension of symbolic diagrams is also discussed

一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的新方法:平衡态比容法

石蜡相变乳液是集储热与传热于一体的新型功能流体,具有广阔的应用前景。但石蜡相变乳液在降温时会出现过冷现象,极大降低了其储热与传热的性能。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度受到升/降温速率的影响,且升/降温速率越大,测得过冷度越大。提出一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的方法——平衡态比容法。该方法通过测量石蜡相变乳液在不同温度下的比容,以确定乳液中石蜡粒子在升/降温过程中的相变温度,并进一步求解石蜡相变乳液的过冷度。实验结果表明,本研究提出的平衡态比容法能准确测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度,并从比容变化的角度揭示石蜡相变乳液过冷现象的机理。国家自然科学基金项目(21606185

英国高校科研评估改革的新动向——基于“科研卓越框架2021”的分析

为提高科研拨款质量,保持并提升科研在全球的竞争力,英国从2019年1月起陆续发布了科研卓越框架2021 (Research Excellence Framework,REF2021)的评估指南、评估标准等文件。REF2021在传承和创新REF2014的基础上,强调公平、平等和透明原则,对科研产出、科研影响和科研环境等指标均做出了一定调整,减少了评估单元,增加了科研影响要素的权重,将科研对教学和学生的影响纳入评估范围之内等,体现出更加注重公平、强调质量和追求卓越的科研评估理念。REF2021重视科研成果的\"社会影响\"评估、基于学科特性的多元化评估、发展协同导向的跨学科评估等改革举措对当前我国实施\"双一流\"建设亟待解决的绩效评估课题具有重要的借鉴和启示意义

一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的新方法:平衡态比容法

石蜡相变乳液是集储热与传热于一体的新型功能流体,具有广阔的应用前景。但石蜡相变乳液在降温时会出现过冷现象,极大降低了其储热与传热的性能。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度受到升/降温速率的影响,且升/降温速率越大,测得过冷度越大。本文提出一种测量石蜡相变乳液过冷度的方法——平衡态比容法。该方法通过测量石蜡相变乳液在不同温度下的比容,以确定乳液中石蜡粒子在升/降温过程中的相变温度,并进一步求解石蜡相变乳液的过冷度。实验结果表明,本研究提出的平衡态比容法能准确测量石蜡相变乳液的过冷度,并从比容变化的角度揭示石蜡相变乳液过冷现象的机理。国家自然科学基金项目(21606185

Research on the rapid inactivation of typical algae blooms by hydroxyl radical

以典型水华藻铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻为研究对象,利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基(·OH)对3种藻进行杀灭.采用荧光染色、流式细胞仪; 和光合活性等生物学方法,确定·OH杀灭的阈值浓度和时间,并观察细胞形态变化.结果表明,当混合藻中铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻的初始藻密度分别为1; 9.5*10~4、21.8*10~4和4.90*10~4cells/mL时,; ·OH杀灭的阈值浓度为1.07mg/L,致死时间为4.5s;形态观察结果表明,处理后各种藻的形态是完整的,无内溶质溢出.因此,采用·OH可实现高; 效快速杀灭水华藻,有效保障饮用水安全.Algae blooming in water sources breaks out increasingly and seriously; threatened the water supply safety. Bench scale tests were conducted to; study the effects of ·OH generated from strong ionization discharge and; high pressure water jet cavitation on cell density, cell integrity and; photosynthetic capacity of 3kinds of typical freshwater algae. Algae; species including Microcystis aeruginosa, Synedra sp., and Scenedesmus; quadricuauda were respectively prepared at concentrations of 19.5*10~4,; 21.8*10~4 and 4.90*10~4 cells/mL, and the cell integrity was assessed by; flow cytometry. Results suggested that the ·OH lethal threshold of the; algae was 1.07mg/L within the exposure time of 4.5s. The cell; morphological observation results showed that all the cells were; integral and no cytoplasm composition spilled. Hence, large-scale; production of ·OH is a novel method to inactive typical algae species; efficiently and to protect drinking water safety simultaneously.国家科技支撑计划资助项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项

The Analysis of Sectoral Output and Household Income Multipliers Based on Social Accounting Matrix of Xiamen City

基于厦门市2002年投入产出表及其他相关数据,笔者构建了厦门市2002年的宏观社会核算矩阵,并对居民账户进行了细分。在此基础上,利用基于社会核算矩阵的SAM乘数模型,本文考察了各类产业在外生冲击下的产出效应和居民收入效应,并分析了外生冲击及转移支付对居民收入分配结构的影响。结果显示,产出乘数和居民收入乘数较高的行业分别是那些与其他行业具有较高关联度的行业和对社会就业带动作用较大的劳动密集型行业;厦门市当前经济的结构和转移分配都有利于改善当前居民收入差距过大的现状,但前者的效应不大。Based on the input-output table of Xiamen city in 2002 and other related data,this paper constructs a social accounting matrix(SAM).In this SAM,we classify the urban households' accounts by their income levels.Further,we study the output and household income impacts of each sector under exogenous shocks using SAM multiplier model,and also analyze the impacts of exogenous shock and transfer payment on the household income distribution structure.The results show that the sectors with higher output and household income multipliers are those which have higher association with others or labor-density sectors;the Xiamen city's current economic structure and transfer payment mode are in favor of improving the unequal household income situation at present.However,the former's effect is not large.国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目批准号:70671086

Calcuim depletion in forest ecosystem induced by acid rain: a review

通讯作者Corresponding author. E2mail: zhenghl@xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]酸雨作为一个全球性环境问题,随着我国经济的快速发展,其危害也日益严重。诸多长期观测研究认为酸雨导致森林生态系统营养流失,特别是Ca的流失是酸雨导致森林衰退的一个重要原因。长期酸雨影响下,土壤中的Ca大量流失,在红壤等酸性土壤中表现得尤为严重;此外酸雨也会直接淋溶出植物叶片中的Ca,造成林冠中Ca不同程度的淋溶流失,并可能造成叶片Ca含量下降。且酸雨会导致叶片细胞内Ca稳态的失衡,影响植物的正常生理响应。对于整个森林生态系统而言,酸雨改变了生态系统中Ca生物地球化学循环的特征,大量的Ca从森林生态系统中以地表径流的形式流出系统,导致可利用Ca库的下降和周转速率的上升。酸雨对森林土壤、植物及生态系统各层面中的Ca均造成了长期广泛的影响,深入研究其影响程度与植物的应对机制,对我国酸雨危害区的酸雨防治和森林保育具有重大意义。[英文文摘]Acid rain is a global environmental p roblem that has become a very serious issue in China coup led with the rapid economic growth. The loss of nutrients in forest ecosystems, especially calcium, as shown in a lot of references done over long-term observation and research, is one of the key factors which indicate that acid rain caused the decline of forest ecosystems. Calcium has been markedly leached from the soils by acid rain, mostly in acidic soils such as red soils. Acid rain has also leached calcium from the canopy of forest resulting in a decrease of the folia calcium content sometimes, imbalance of calcium homeostasis at the cellular level, impair of physiological responses. From the ecosystem aspect, acid rain changed the characteristics of calcium biogeochemical cycle, brought calcium to be dep leted from the ecosystem in the surface runoff, reduced the bioavailable calcium pool and increased the turnover rate. Because acid rain influenced calcium at different levels of the ecosystem, it is important that we focus on studying the calcium dep letion and responses of p lants under long2term acid rain, which can help us in the p rogressive p revention and treatment of acid rain and the conservation of forest ecosystems.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30930076,30670317,30770192);厦门大学新世纪优秀人才基金资助项目(NCETXMU07115);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项

Synonymous Codon Usage of Both Alternativelyand Commonly Spliced Genes in Human Chromosome 1 I: Synonymous Codon Usage Bias Analysis

人类1号染色体可变剪接(选择性剪接)基因344非冗余蛋白质编码序列(188183密码子)和普通剪接(非可变剪接)基因的386蛋白质编码序列(223116密码子)被用于研究人类密码子使用偏爱模式。全部密码子使用数据分析表明,人类可变剪接基因密码子的偏爱水平显著高于普通剪接基因。在人类1号染色体基因中,密码子第三位置的G+C含量有很大的异质性(0 24～0 95),并且可变剪接基因密码子第三位置平均G+C含量(64 66%)大于普通剪接基因(59 97%)。Nc值对GC3s图显示密码子偏爱使用除了受核苷酸组成制约外,其它的因子可能也影响密码子的使用变化。此外,可变剪接基因中以G或C结尾的密码子比普通剪接基因出现的频率高。密码子使用的差异可能是由可变剪接基因pre mRNA特有的结构特征和多种剪接模式决定的。It is already clear that alternative splicing has an extremely important role in expanding the protein diversity. Comparative study of the codon usage patterns of alternatively and commonly spliced genes may thereby be necessary. In this paper, the patterns of codon usage bias of two kinds of human genes, alternatively spliced genes and commonly spliced genes, were formulated through analyzing 344 non-redundant protein coding sequences from alternatively spliced genes (188183 codons) and 386 from commonly spliced genes (223116 codons) in human chromosome (1. Overall) codon usage data analysis indicated that the alternatively spliced genes showed a stronger codon usage bias than commonly spliced genes. Very extensive heterogeneity of G+C content in silent third codon position (GC3s) was evident among these genes, and GC3s content of alternatively spliced genes was higher than that of commonly spliced genes. G- or C-ending codons were more abundant in alternatively spliced genes than commonly spliced genes in human chromosome 1. The causation of differences created could be explained by pre-mRNA structural characteristics of alternatively spliced genes influencing their codon usage bias.Chinapostdoctoralprogramsfoundation( 2 0 0 2 11