Study on Livestock Production Pollution & Land Assimilative Capacity for Manure in Jiulong River Watershed

随着我国畜禽养殖业的迅猛发展，畜禽养殖已成为我国农业非点源污染和点源污染的主要来源之一，对生态环境构成了严重威胁。传统的畜禽养殖污染控制只注重末端的工程技术治理，已不能适应我国畜牧业发展与环境保护矛盾突出的国情。从机理上认识养殖污染物流失特征、迁移转化规律及其环境效应，从总量控制原则的管理层次上评估区域的畜禽粪肥土地消纳容量，对养殖污染物的产生、释放、迁移等全过程控制及其环境管理具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。本文以福建省九龙江流域为例，以环境科学、农业生态学、环境经济学、信息学等基本理论为基础，在循环经济理念的指导下，综合现场调查、野外监测、室内分析、数理统计等研究方法，在GIS等技术手段的支...Due to the rapid growth in the number and size of intensive livestock industries in China, the huge amount of livestock waste is the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution, which threatens the ecosystem severely. The conflict between livestock production development and environmental protection problem couldn’t be solved, if just laying emphasis on the end-controlling to livestock ...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B20023401

九龙江流域家畜养殖业环境影响调查分析

[摘要]：通过对九龙江流域家畜养殖业的环境现状进行调查, 了解养殖户的环境意识、采取的治污措施和技术需求以及养 殖户对养殖业规模的偏好等, 分析养殖业污染治理存在的问题, 并根据流域养殖业的发展趋势和治理要求, 提出对策建议。福建省重大科技项目( 2002H009) , 福州大学科研项目( 00600704

Environmental risk assessment of intensive animal production in Jiulong River Watershed

在G IS支持下采用养分收支平衡法对九龙江流域规模化生猪养殖的环境风险进行评价。规模化养殖污染负荷在不同类型养殖场的分配、空间分布规律以及规模化养殖的环境风险评价结果表明:规模化养猪业年产粪尿量达107万t,以小型规模化养殖场产生的污染负荷最高;整体来看,规模化生猪养殖的环境风险不大,但由于养殖场的地理分布集中,造成近郊区域规模化养殖的环境风险极高;由于过多施用化肥,中远郊规模化养殖粪尿未得到合理利用而流失。位于水系附近的养殖场对水体影响较大,根据“福建省畜禽养殖污染防治管理办法”,为减少规模化生猪养殖对九龙江水质的直接威胁,需搬迁主要支流沿岸1 km范围内的规模化养猪场250个。 【英文摘要】 With the rapid growth in the number and size of intensive livestock enterprises in China,livestock waste in a huge amount has become one of the main sources of water pollution.Environmental risk assessment of the intensive animal production in the Jiulong River Watershed was conducted with the aid of GIS and the nutrient balance method.The findings of the study of spatial distribution of pollution loads and the environmental risk assessment show that a total of 1 070 000 tons of manure is produced annually ...福建省重大科技攻关项目(2002H009

CANADIAN "ATLANTIC COASTAL ACTION PROGRAM" AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS ON "DECENTRALIZED" INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT

海岸带地区因其独特的地学与生态系结构而具有丰富的资源和巨大的开发价值。据统计,世界上有2/3的城市座落于海岸带地区,海岸带地区人口远比内地人口增长得快。经济发展和人口增长给海岸带带来的生态环境的压力不断加重,引起了一系列问题。如:海洋污染、渔业减产、海洋生物栖息地丧失、海域使用冲突、管理机构之间的冲突等。这些问题简单地沿用以往的行业管理已难以解决,由此,70年代起在加拿大国际发展署“ UPCD Tier-1之Community-Based Conservation Management项目01843-S53305号

Impact of phosphorus loss on water environment in intensive livestock rearing areas and the countermeasures.

概述了畜禽养殖废物中磷的流失对水环境的影响,分析养殖废物中磷的来源和流失途径,并从保护水资源的角度提出减少畜禽粪便中磷流失的管理和控制措施。Impacts of the phosphorus losts from livestock waste on water environment were reviewed,and sources and pathways of the loss of phosphorus from livestock waste were analyzed.On such a basis,some countermeasures for management and control of the phosphorus loss were raised from the angle of protecting the water resources.福建省重大科技项目(2002H009

Assessment of impact of intensive livestock cultivation on water environment in mountain and hilly areas of South China

[摘要]选择南方山地丘陵区典型规模畜禽养殖集中地为研究区域, 通过对该研究区域周边地表水及地下水的 调查采样, 分析主要污染物时空变异及污染物形态之间的变化, 并对周边水环境进行初步评价。结果表明: 规模化畜禽养殖区域的浅层地下水和地表水已经受到严重污染; 养殖场的环保处理设施与养殖规模不配套 造成大量污染物进入地表水环境; 生物氧化塘的护堤和塘底未经防渗处理, 造成下游地下水污染; 养殖场排 放的污水经厌氧和好氧生物处理后富含有机质、氨氮、可溶态有机磷, 利于作物吸收和生长, 应尽量循环使 用。指出由于养殖污水变化较大, 为避免二次环境污染, 必须处理达标后结合配方施肥技术按需回用农田。[Abstract]By selecting a typical site of intensive livestock cultivation in a mountain area of South China as the study area, and investigating and sampling surface and groundwater in the study area, the spatial and temporal variat ions of the main pollutants and changes among pollutant forms were analyzed. The environmental effects of intensive livestock cultivation on surrounding water environments were evaluated. The results indicated that the shallow groundwater and surfacewater were heavily contaminated in the intensive livestock cultivation area. Large amounts of the pollutants entered the surface water, due to the fact that the wastewater treatment facility did not match the scale of livestock cult ivation. The lack of liner treatment of the bank and liner of the lagoon resulted in groundwater pollution. The effluent wastewater from the culturing farm after anaerobic and aerobic biologic treatment was full of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and dissolved organic phosphorus, which aided the growth of plants and should be recycled. Because of the significant change of the wastewater component, and in order to avoid secondary pollution, the wastewater should be recycled to land combined with precision fertilizer formula technology after treatment to bring it to the standard.福建省重大科技项目(2002H009)；福州大学人才基金项目(XRC-0611

双相层流微流控芯片快速提取人参皂苷

目的:建立基于微流控芯片液-液萃取技术进行人参药材样品前处理的方法。方法:注射泵引入药材初提液及萃取剂于芯片中进行萃取,收集样品溶液进行HPlC检测。对芯片的前处理;药液与萃取剂的流速、流速比;萃取通道的宽度等因素进行考察。结果:纯水清洗后风干的芯片,药液与萃取剂的流速与流速比为V(水饱和正丁醇)∶V(药材初提液)=6(μl/MIn)∶12(μl/MIn),萃取通道宽度为200μM的情况下萃取效果更理想。在优化条件下平行试验6次,rSd小于1.2%。芯片萃取所得人参皂苷rg1、rE、rb1含量分别为1.05、0.54、1.30 Mg/M l,萃取时间仅需2 MIn,与传统液液萃取相比,芯片萃取的萃取率分别提高了12%、13%、15%。结论:该方法简单、快速、萃取效率高。国家自然科学基金(81001600

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus losses with surface runoff in typical sub-watersheds of Jiulong River watershed.

选取九龙江流域5个典型汇水区,通过流域主要雨季天然降雨径流过程监测,对所获得的氮磷营养盐的监测数据进行归纳与分析,着重探讨了暴雨事件下径流氮磷流失及其形态的变化规律。结果表明:暴雨事件下农业汇水区地表径流氮输出以水溶态为主,磷以泥沙结合态为主,天然林地为主的汇水区则相反,前者以泥沙结合态为主,后者以水溶态为主;5个汇水区暴雨事件中总氮最高浓度值为日常采样浓度值的2.9～11.3倍,暴雨事件中总磷最高浓度值为日常采样浓度值的2.9～20.5倍;氮磷输出量均值的差异反映氮磷输出量大小受土壤质地、施肥量、土壤氮磷含量、土壤保水保肥性能等因素的综合影响。整个径流过程中水量和氮磷浓度随时间变化幅度较大,且2者变化呈大体相同的趋势。氮磷及其各形态的浓度多数在相同时间内达到峰值。泥沙结合态氮、水溶态磷变化幅度较小,水溶态氮和泥沙结合态磷浓度变化幅度较大。统计各汇水区雨量不同的降雨事件下氮磷流失负荷表明,特大暴雨对汇水区氮磷负荷的贡献非常显著。Five typicl sub-watersheds in the Jiulong River watershed were chosen for monitoring nitrogen and phosphorus losses.Results of the monitoring and analysis show that in the event of storms in agriculture-based watersheds,the N loss with the runoff is dominated with soluble N and the P loss with P combined with silt whereas in natural-forest-based ones,the situation is completely different.Under storms,the maximum total N concentration in the runoff is 2.9-11.3 times as much as that in the runoff normal and the maximum total P concentration 2.9-20.5 times as much.Throughout the entire course of runoff,water volume and N & P concentration vary sharply with the time,showing a similar trend.The concentrations of total N & P and their various forms come up to their respective peaks almost at the same time.The contents of silt N and soluble P fluctated within a limited range whereas those of soluble N and silt P do within a large one.福建省重大科技项目(2002H009

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from swine production systems in Jiulong River watershed

由于对畜禽粪便的处置和管理不当,氮、磷养分随粪便大量流失,不仅带来日益突出的环境问题,还造成了资源的浪费。目前国际上多采用养分平衡方法研究和评价畜牧养殖场养分流失状况及其潜在的环境风险程度。选取福建省九龙江流域92家养猪场,采用养分平衡分析方法研究了该流域养猪场养分流失状况及主要影响因素。结果表明:大部分养猪场的氮磷养分输入量远远大于养分有效输出量,表明养分大量流失,养殖系统的环境风险程度极高;随着养猪场规模的增大,氮、磷的不平衡程度呈下降趋势;生态型养殖模式有利于促进资源综合利用,减少养分流失;加强对粪肥和饲料管理有利于促进畜禽养殖场的氮、磷养分平衡。Huge losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from the livestock production systems are known as the waste of resources and the sources of the environmental quality problems. Nutrient balance at farm level is an important tool to study the environmental problems associated with livestock production. A nutrient balance was constructed for 92 swine production systems of Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. The majority of the farms exhibited substantially greater nutrient inputs than nutrient managed outputs and it was in the status of an overaccumulation of nutrients; the nutrient imbalance decreased with farm scales; ecological production was a preferred mode to make better use of resources and decrease the losses of nutrients; management of feed and manure was helpful to balance the nutrients of livestock farms.福建省重大科技项目(2002H009)资