Meta-analysis on risk factors of hypertension among Chinese

目的综合评价中国居民高血压的主要危险因素,为高血压的一级预防提供循证依据。方法检索收集国内2003-2012年发表的高血压危险因素病例对照研究文献,应用lICHTEnSTEIn量表进行文献质量评估,采用META分析方法进行定量综合分析,绘制森林图,计算危险因素合并Or值及其95%置信区间,通过绘制漏斗图和计算失安全系数nfS控制偏倚。结果纳入文献37篇,各危险因素合并Or值(95%CI)由高到低依次为:糖尿病史Or=2.76(2.24,3.39);超重Or=2.61(2.19,3.11);高血压家族史Or=2.56(2.35,2.79);高盐饮食Or=1.47(1.16,1.85);饮酒Or=1.15(1.07,1.24);吸烟Or=1.14(1.05,1.23)。结论糖尿病史、超重、高血压家族史、高盐饮食、饮酒、吸烟均为中国居民高血压的危险因素。Objective To make a comprehensive evaluation on the main risk factors of the hypertension in China, so as to provide evidences for the primary prevention of hypertension.Methods We searched and collected the literature which were case-control studies on the risk factors of the hypertension in China published from 2003 to 2012.We conducted a quality evaluation of the included literature by Lichtenstein scale.A comprehensively quantitative assessment was made by meta-analysis, including drawing forest plots, calculating the pooled odds ratio(OR) and the 95% confidence interval(95% CI).The biases were controlled according to the funnel plots and the fail-safe number(Nfs).Results A total of 37 studies are included, the pooled OR and its 95% CI of each risk factors are: diabetes 2.76(2.24, 3.39), overweight 2.61(2.19, 3.11), the family history of hypertension 2.56(2.35, 2.79),high-salt diet 1.47(1.16, 1.85), drinking 1.15(1.07, 1.24) and smoking 1.14(1.05, 1.23).Conclusions Diabetes, overweight, the family history of hypertension, high-salt diet, drinking and smoking are all risk factors of hypertension.国家级大学生创新项目(DC2013022

Analysis on Influential Factors of the Preference for Old-age Support among Elder People in Urban and Rural Areas of Xiamen

目的研究城乡老年人养老意愿的影响因素,为优化配置养老资源和提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法对厦门市60岁以上常住老年人进行问卷; 调查,采用多分类logistic回归分析城乡老年人养老意愿影响因素。结果有效调查问卷城区652份、农村622份。城、乡老年人选择家庭养老、社区居; 家养老、机构养老和暂未考虑比例分别为67.5%、18.6%、12.7%、1.2%和71.1%、23.1%、4.7%、1.1%,差异有统计学意义(; P <0.05),且城乡老年人在文化程度、患慢性病、子女是否提供养老费、退休金以及距最近医疗单位的距离等方面分布差异也有统计学意义(P; <0.05)。以家庭养老为参照,城乡,年龄大于80岁者更倾向于机构养老(城、乡的OR(95% CI)分别为3.84(1.845; ~7.99)和3.64(1.07 ~12.47)),距最近医疗单位较远者倾向于社区居家养老(城、乡的OR(95% CI)分别为1.73(1.04; ~2.86)和2.12(1.31; ~3.42))。但城区老年人文化程度较高、退休金较多和子女有提供养老费者更愿意选择非家庭养老,而农村在婚老年人倾向于选择机构养老。结论城乡老年人; 养老意愿均以家庭养老为主,但农村老年人更倾向于社区居家养老,城区老年人更倾向于机构养老,城乡间的经济、文化差异是造成这种差异的主要原因。建议除强; 化家庭养老的功能外,应针对城乡差异合理配置城乡养老资源。Objective To study the influential factors about the preference for; old-age support among the urban and rural elder people,and provide; theoretical basis for optimum allocation of supporting resources along; with greater improvement of life quality for the aged. Methods Based on; the multi-stage sampling method,a survey was conducted among senior; residents older than 60 years old in Xiamen by means of questionnaire.; Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of basic information; between the elderly who lived in the urban and rural areas while; multinomial logistic regression played a role in analyzing the factors; which influenced the old people,s preference for old-age support.; Results 1274 valid questionnaires were obtained, including 652 from; urban and 622 from rural areas. The percentage of elderly people who; would like to live with family support, community-based support at; home,organization support or choice not-considered were 67. 5%,18.; 6%,12. 7% and 1. 2% in urban areas,and as for the countryside those were; 71. 1%,23. 1%,4. 7% and 1. 1%,which were statistically significant (P <; 0. 05). The differences between urban and rural old people were also; statistically significant on the aspects of their education levels,; condition of chronic diseases,pension costs from children,retirement; pension,distance from the nearest medical unit (P < 0. 05). To take; family support as reference,no matter in urban and rural areas,the; elderly older than 80 years old were more likely to choose organization; support;and people who lived far away from the nearest medical unit; would prefer community-based support at home. However,the urban old-aged; with higher education levels,more retirement pension and who got pension; from children were more likely to live without family support,while; rural old people who got married preferred organization support.; Conclusion Family support was the main choice for the elderly from both; urban and rural areas. However,the aging in countryside preferred; community-based support at home and urban old people tended to choose; organization support. The difference of local economy and culture; between urban and rural areas was the key reason. Therefore,apart from; strengthening the function of family support,pension resources should be; appropriately allocated aimed at those differences between urban and; rural areas.国家自然科学基金项目; 厦门大学大学生创新训练项

基于主成分分析和多元曲线分辨的蓝细菌流式荧光光谱分析方法

利用流式细胞术对细胞进行多色荧光分析时,往往获得的是由多种组分荧光光谱混合的多元荧光光谱。在对蓝细菌进行光谱流式检测时,所测得的荧光光谱同时包含了多种未知荧光光谱,且存在严重的光谱混叠。为了获得蓝细菌中的主要组分光谱及其浓度,提出主成分分析和多元曲线分辨相结合的方法,对蓝细菌的流式荧光光谱进行处理。该方法通过主成分分析获得蓝细菌的主要纯组分数量,然后利用渐进因子分析寻找各组分的起始点和终止点,并估计纯组分的初始光谱,最后利用交替最小二乘结合其纯组分光谱的单峰性和非负性,对初始估计的纯组分光谱进行迭代修正,从而得到纯组分光谱及其组分浓度。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法能够准确地估计混合光谱中纯组分的个数并对其谱峰进行拟合,进而准确地估计各个组分的浓度。该方法不但适用于蓝细菌的光谱分析,还可用于其他多元混合光谱体系的解析。国家自然科学基金项目(21503171);;国家重大科研仪器研制项目(21627811)资

基于遗传算法的多组分光谱解析方法研究

光谱解析方法是一种常见的光谱分析方法,广泛用于各种化学计量学领域。现有的解析方法无法处理纯组分未知的应用体系,本文针对该情况,提出了基于遗传算法和最小二乘法的多元组分光谱解析定量分析方法。该方法首先通过遗传算法在混合光谱上寻找未知组分的最优峰位置和最优峰形,得到一组的最优纯组分光谱矩阵,再利用最小二乘拟合曲线,能够快速有效地解析混合光谱。在实验中,对纯组分光谱全未知、纯组分光谱部分未知及不同参数设置下算法的表现进行了讨论,分析其对算法收敛速度及计算结果精确性和稳定性的影响。利用该方法对流式细胞仪光谱数据进行处理,解析效果良好,谱线的契合程度高,验证其用于多组分流式细胞仪光谱数据分析的可行性、有效性和精确性。国家自然科学基金(NO.21503171);;国家重大科研仪器研制项目(NO.21627811

Expression of Fusion Protein of Parathyroid Hormone and Transferrin N-terminal Half-molecule in Pichia pastoris

利用重叠PCR技术将PTH(parathyroidhormone,甲状旁腺激素)基因与TFN(transferrinN_terminalhalf_molecule,转铁蛋白N端半分子)基因在体外融合,融合基因克隆至真核表达载体pPIC9中,转化毕赤酵母GS115。转化子经甲醇诱导后,融合蛋白得到了表达并分泌到发酵上清液中。经SPSepharoseFF阳离子交换层析、PhenylSepharoseFastFlow疏水层析纯化获得了纯度大于95%的PTH_TFN样品。Westernblot分析及腺苷酸环化酶实验证明融合蛋白中的PTH具有与抗PTH抗体结合能力及刺激腺苷酸环化酶的活性,铁饱和实验证明融合蛋白中的TFN和单独的TFN具有相同铁结合能力。因而TFN可望作为PTH的天然运输载体。The fused gene (PTH_TFN) of parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene and transferring N_terminal half_molecule (TFN) gene was amplified by multiple PCR and inserted into pPIC9 vector. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9_PTH_TFN was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by PEG. After methanol induction, the target protein was expressed in fermentation supernatant at high level.The fused protein PTH_TFN with purity being higher than 95% was finally obtained after purification through two_step chromatography : SP Sepharose Fast Flow and Phenyl Sepharose Fast Flow.Western blot analysis and adenylate cyclase assay proved that the fused protein exhibited the bioactivity to stimulate cAMP synthesis and the ability to bind Fe ~3+ in the Fe ~3+ saturation study as the recombinant TFN did indicating that TFN could be used as the transcellar carrier of PTH.国家高技术研究与发展项目基金资助(No.2004AA215172)。~

1978～2008年中国湿地类型变化

分别基于美国陆地卫星(Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+)和中巴资源卫星(CBERS-02B)影像数据,以人工目视解译为主,完成了中国1978～2008年4期(基准年分别为1978,1990,2000和2008年)湿地遥感制图,并进行了大量的室内外验证.在此基础上,对我国湿地现状及近30年来湿地变化进行了初步分析,得到以下主要结论:(ⅰ)截止2008年,中国湿地面积约为324097km2,其中以内陆沼泽(35%)和湖泊湿地(26%)为主.(ⅱ)1978～2008年,中国湿地面积减少了约33%,而人工湿地增加了约122%.过去30年里湿地减少的速度大幅降低,由最初5523km2/a(1978～1990年)降为831km2/a(2000～2008年).(ⅲ)减少的自然湿地(包括滨海湿地和内陆湿地),其类型变化由湿地向非湿地转化的比例逐渐降低.初期(1978～1990年)几乎全部(98%)转换为非湿地;在1990～2000年间减少的自然湿地约有86%转化为非湿地,而在2000～2008年,这一比例下降为77%.(ⅳ)气候变化和农业活动是中国湿地变化的主要驱动因素,湿地变化在中国分为三大不同特征区域,即西部三省/自治区(西藏、新疆和青海)、北部两省/自治区(黑龙江和内蒙古)和其他省市区.其中西部区域尤其是青藏高原,湿地变化的驱动因子以气候增温为主;新疆湿地由于气候增温和农业活动共同作用造成变化不大.北部省/自治区的湿地变化则主要由农业活动引起;而其他省市区的湿地变化几乎完全受控于人类的农业经济活动

严重自发性脑出血患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析 Factors Related to the Deep Vein Thrombosis in Severe Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients after Surgical Treatment

目的 为经手术治疗的严重自发性脑出血患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成（deep vein thrombosis，DVT）风险判断和管理提供依据。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科经手术治疗的94例严重自发性脑出血患者的临床资料。根据出血后30 d内下肢深静脉超声结果，将患者分为DVT组和非DVT组，对比两组间的临床特点和术前影像学特点的差异。采用logistic回归分析探讨患者术后DVT的危险因素。 结果 94例患者中，19例（20.2%）术后出现DVT。DVT组有糖尿病病史患者比例（42.1% vs. 4.0%，P<0.001）、缺血性心脑血管疾病病史患者比例（47.4% vs. 6.7%，P<0.001）、长期抗血小板治疗史患者比例（47.4% vs. 20.0%，P=0.034）、术前Caprini评分[3（2～5）分 vs. 2（1～2）分，P<0.001]和术前血肿扩大患者比例（36.8% vs. 16.0%，P=0.044）均高于非DVT组，差异有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示，有缺血性心脑血管疾病病史（OR 7.23，95%CI 2.80～18.66，P=0.025）、长期抗血小板治疗史（OR 2.52，95%CI 1.28～4.98，P=0.019）和术前Caprini评分高（OR 3.19，95%CI 1.62～6.27，P=0.007）是脑出血患者术后出现DVT的独立危险因素。 结论 有缺血性心脑血管疾病病史、出血前长期抗血小板治疗史和术前Caprini评分高是严重自发性脑出血患者术后出现DVT的危险因素。对于具有这些危险因素的患者，应在术后早期行下肢深静脉超声检查，尽早开始相关预防和治疗。 Abstract: Objective To provide evidences for risk assessment and management of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in operated severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 94 patients, who underwent surgery for severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the department of neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019. Based on the result of ultrasound examination within 30 days after hemorrhage, all patients were divided into DVT group and non-DVT group. The differences of clinical features and preoperative imaging features were compared between DVT group and non-DVT group. The risk factors of postoperative DVT was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results 94 appropriate patients was enrolled in this study, including 19 (20.2%) patients underwent DVT. The proportion of diabetic patients in DVT group (42.1% vs. 4.0%, P<0.001), the proportion of patients with a history of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (47.4% vs. 6.7%, P<0.001), proportion of patients with long-term antiplatelet treatment (47.4% vs. 20.0%, P=0.034), preoperative Caprini score [3 (2-5) vs. 2 (1-2), P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with preoperative hematoma expansion (36.8% vs. 16.0%, P=0.044) were higher than those in non-DVT group, and the differences were statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the past ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (OR 7.23, 95%CI 2.80-18.66, P=0.025), long-term antiplatelet treatment before hemorrhage (OR 2.52, 95%CI 1.28-4.98, P=0.019) and high preoperative Caprini score (OR 3.19, 95%CI 1.62-6.27, P=0.007) as independent risk factors of DVT. Conclusions Past ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, long-term antiplatelet treatment before hemorrhage and high preoperative Caprini score were independent risk factors for DVT in patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. For patients with these risk factors, ultrasound examination of deep vein of lower extremity should be performed in the early postoperative period, and relevant prevention and treatment should be admitted as soon as possible

A Spectral Element Method for Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

本文考虑人体颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的力学建模及其数值计算.颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的动力学行为由控制血液流动的不可压缩nAVIEr-STOkES方程和控制动脉形变的弹性方程耦合描述,因此完整的硬化斑块模型是一组三维流体/固体耦合方程,其数学理论和数值计算都面临极大的困难.但在一定的假设条件下,该问题可简化为一个弹性力学方程.本文考虑粥样硬化斑块简化模型的数值计算问题.我们构造了一个针对模型简化方程的有效算法,即基于空间方向上的谱元离散和时间方向的nEWMArk格式的计算方法.分析显示前者对光滑解具有指数收敛性,而后者具有二阶收敛精度并且在特定的参数条件下无条件稳定.论文不仅讨论了连续问题以及半离散问题的稳定性,而且给出了全离散格式的最优误差估计.最后通过数值模拟验证了所提算法的有效性和理论分析结果,并对一些具有实际背景参数的模型问题进行了模拟.In this paper, we propose a numerical method for the elastic equation governing the blood driven motion of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques.The proposed schema combines a spectral element method for the spatial discretization and a Newmark-like method for the time discretization.We obtain the optimal error estimate for the numerical solution to the full-discrete problem, showing that the convergence is exponential in space and of second order in time.It is also proven that the overall schema is unconditionally stable in certain cases.Finally, we present some numerical examples to verify the error estimates, and carry out a simulation in an application domain extracted from practical experiments.国家自然科学基金(11471274;11421110001;91130002)~

煤燃烧解耦双流化床气化反应基础研究

为确定燃烧解耦双流化床气化的气化反应条件和气化反应器的设计.在直径60 mm 和高700 mm的小型流化床反应器中,采用粒径8 mm 以下的锅炉烟煤以间歇气化方式在1133 K 的条件下,研究了进料方式、气化剂中水蒸汽和 O_2含量、以及煤料粒径等因素对煤气化生成燃气反应过程的影响.重点考察了各因素对煤转化速率的作用规律。综合各因素对 C 转化为燃气的速度、最大 C 转化率及生成气热值的影响趋势,确定了适宜的煤气化操作条件为:从流化颗粒表面附近加料.气化剂中 O_2体积分率5%、水蒸汽体积分率35%,煤粒径小于5 mm。在该条件下。实现60%的 C 转化为燃气所需要的停留时间大致为600 s

Flexible and Hydrophobic Silicon Carbide Fibrous Mats Prepared from Polycarbosilane

以聚合物先驱体转化法用陶瓷工艺与静电纺丝技术相结合制备了碳化硅(SIC)陶瓷纤维毡。以聚碳硅烷为先驱体,利用静电纺丝技术制备先驱体原纤维毡。原纤维毡经过低温交联和1 000℃以上热解,得到SIC纤维毡。当温度达到1 200℃时,纤维毡为多晶态,保持典型的三维网络结构,纤维直径约为1.1MM。电子探针分析表明,纤维毡化学组成为SI、C、以及少量O元素。SIC纤维毡具有良好的疏水性,疏水角大于130°。1 000℃热解制备的SIC纤维毡的拉伸强度为0.6MPA,断裂伸长率为45%,可应用于高温极端环境。Silicon carbide(SiC)fibrous mats were synthesized by polymer-derived ceramic process and electrospinning technique.Polycarbosilane was used as precursors,which was first electrospun into polymeric fibrous mats followed by pyrolysis at >1 000℃.The crystalline SiC fibrous mats were obtained at 1 200℃.The structural observations reveal that the mats exhibit a 3-dimensional structure with the fiber diameter of 1.1mm.The chemical compositions of the ceramic fibrous mats measured by EPMA are Si,C and a small quantity of oxygen.The SiC fibrous mats show a superior hydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle of>130°.The SiC fibrous mats obtained by pyrolysis at 1 000℃show a yield stress of 0.6MPa and elongation of 45%at break.The SiC fibrous mats can be used as a promising material for high-temperature harsh environmental applications due to their reasonable mechanical properties and good flexibility.国家自然科学基金(51175444); 国家科技重大专项课题(2011ZX02709-002); 中央高校(厦门大学)基本科研业务费专项资金(2011121002); 航空科学基金(2013ZD68009); 新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助(2013); 深圳市战略性新兴产业发展专项资金(JCYJ20120618155425009