The Motive of the Wearwolf in Croatian Mythology

U ovom ću se radu posvetiti mitološkom biću vukodlaka i njegovom pojavom u kontestu mitologije na našim prostorima. Pojam vukodlak na našim se prostorima poistovjećuje se sa pojmom vampir. Ovdje se zapravo radi o sinonimu za isti pojam te ću ih u ovome radu ravnopravno upotrebljavati. Vukodlak je čovjek, koji poslije smrti poput demona obilazi; vampir; po etimologiji čovjek s vučjim dlakama, vučje ćudi.(Šešo 2016:41) Makar se biće vukodlaka ili vampira u današnjici gotovo odmah poistovjećuje sa fantastičnim likovima iz raznih romana i filmskih sadržaja poput grofa Drakule ili ugriženog čovjeka koji se pretvara u dlakavo čudovište nalik vuku, takvi su likovi produkt višestoljetnih tradicijskih vjerovanja. U mnogim slučajevima folklorni sadržaj prolazi distorziju ovih bića zbog dodatne dramatičnosti i popularnosti, te se nerijetko ovim bićima mijenja izgled, proces nastanka pa čak i značenje

Movement of Goc and podgorina population in the second half of XX and on the begging of XXI century

Analysis of movement of Goc and podgorina population in the second half of XX and on the begging of XXI century is elaborated in the paper. Parameters of natural and mechanical movement of population have showed that population number of Goc and podgorina increase because of mechanical movement. In the period between two last censuses, the greater part of immigrants has arrived. Refugees and outcast population from Ex-Yugoslav Republics represents smaller part of immigrants. Greater part of immigrants belongs to population from others municipalities of Republic of Serbia, especially to population from Kosovo and from municipalities of Raska region. According to the results of exploration, there are many differences in the movements of population between twenty six settlements of Goc and podgorina. As consequences of that, among other, there are some geographic factors. Among geographic factors, traffic-geographic position and relief are relieved. Importance of the paper is that it enriches the knowledge about West Morava valley and Goc, which is northernmost mountain of Kopaonik mountain system

Overview of 100 patients with voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy--experience of single institution [Pregled 100 bolesnika sa govornom protezom nakon totalne laringektomije]

Surgical procedures, especially total laryngectomy, used for treatment of advanced laryngeal carcinoma, have a profound adverse effect on the patient's physical, functional, and emotional health, and almost always decrease quality of life. There are three main types of voice rehabilitation after surgery. They are: esophageal speech techniques, the use of artificial larynx devices and tracheoesophageal puncture with the insertion of various types of voice prostheses. Voice prosthesis was inserted in 100 patients in the ENT Department, University Hospital Center Zagreb, from January 2004 until February 2011, and 91 of these patients were included in our study. The prosthesis was inserted secondary at 71 patients, while in other 20 it was inserted primary, i.e. immediately after laryngectomy as a part of the same procedure. Voice rehabilitation was initiated 10th day after primary insertion and 1st-3rd day after secondary insertion. The postoperative voice quality was compared with a five degree scale, which was taken from Hilger's retrospective study (2000). The rehabilitation was successful in 75.8% of our patients. Early complication rate was 4.4%, and 10.9% of patients had late complications. Statistical analysis didn't show significant differences regarding the complications rate and success rate of rehabilitation between groups of patients, formed according to age, irradiation status and timing of prosthesis insertion

Ishodi glasovne terapije nakon lobektomije i totalne tireoidektomije

Voice disorders are among the most common complications of thyroid surgery. It is therefore advisable to continuously monitor and report the outcomes of voice rehabilitation among people who underwent thyroid surgery in order to recognize which specific clinical actions are necessary to give those patients the maximum chance to restore quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of voice therapy in 35 persons (26 women and 9 men) aged between 20 and 75 years after total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. Multidimensional voice assessment using the GRBAS scale, Voice Handicap Index questionnaire, and acoustic analysis was carried out before and after voice therapy, which included relaxation and breathing exercises, laryngeal massage, resonance therapy, and the employment of the digital compression method. Since the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed significant improvements in all voice parameters after voice therapy, voice rehabilitation seems to be the essential clinical activity for thyroid surgery patients who suffer from voice disorders postoperatively.Poremećaji glasa su među najčešćim posljedicama operacije štitne žlijezde. Stoga je preporučljivo kontinuirano izvještavati o rezultatima rehabilitacije glasa kod ljudi koji su prošli operaciju štitnjače, kako bi se prepoznalo koje su specifične kliničke radnje potrebne da bi se tim pacijentima pružila maksimalna šansa za vraćanje prijašnje kvalitete života. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati rezultate glasovne terapije 35 osoba (26 žena i 9 muškaraca) u dobi između 20 i 75 godina, nakon lobektomije ili totalne tireoidektomije štitne žlijezde. Multidimenzionalna procjena glasa putem GRBAS ljestvice, upitnika Indeks vokalnih teškoća i akustičke analize provedena je prije i nakon terapije glasa, koja je uključivala vježbe opuštanja i disanja, masažu larinksa, rezonantnu terapiju i primjenu metode digitalne kompresije. Budući da je primjena Wilcoxonovog testa pokazala značajna poboljšanja u mjerenim parametrima nakon terapije glasa, čini se da je rehabilitacija glasa ključna klinička aktivnost za pacijente s operacijom štitne žlijezde kod kojih je postoperativno dijagnosticiran poremećaj glasa

The Old Core of Zemun - Detailed regulation plan for the Old core of Zemun (OCZ DR Plan)

The last decade of the 20th century witnessed a general decay of the Old Core of Zemun. Unplanned structures of inappropriate architectural and building quality occurred within the area of exceptional architectural, cultural and historical value, threatening to obliterate its heritage value. Besides that, degradation of public spaces and their inappropriate use, as well as the neglect and devastation of protected buildings and structures, additionally lowered its heritage quality. Another problem was a fragmented treatment of the segments that form the Old core, in previous urban plans. Therefore, the purpose of the OCZ DR Plan was to form the basis for the integrated and sustainable development, use and conservation of The Old Core area

Population Growth in the Border Villages of Srem, Serbia

Population growth in the border villages of Srem (Vojvodina, Serbia) has been analysed in this paper, with the goal of explaining how and why it differed from other areas in the region. Special attention has been paid to the 1990s, because these villages became part of a border region and a high level of migration on the territory of the former Yugoslavia occurred, much of it through this territory. The results of the research are derived from literary resources and applying mathematical and statistical procedures in the processing of data received from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. They were checked on the field via a questionnaire. This paper is significant because it enriches knowledge about villages of Srem, the municipality of Šid and population trends at the end of the 20th century

Karijes zuba i mogućnosti njegovog lečenja

Contemporary tendencies in dentistry are based on the concept of maximal protection of healthy tooth tissues. Caries removal has been done traditionally with mechanical rotary instruments that are fast and precise. However, conventional cavity preparation has potential adverse effects to the pulp due to heat, pressure and vibrations. Moreover, drilling often causes pain and requires local anaesthesia, and these procedures are frequently perceived as unpleasant. Etiology, development and prevention of dental caries are better understood today and new restorative materials that bond micromechanically and/or chemically to dental tissues have been introduced. Thus, development of a new, less destructive caries removal technique is allowed. In the last decades, many alternative methods have been introduced in an attempt to replace rotary instruments. These are claimed to be efficient and selective for diseased tissues and to offer comfortable treatment to the patients. New methods include air abrasion, air polishing, ultrasonic, polymer burs, enzymes, systems for chemo-mechanical caries removal, and lasers. The aim of this paper was to discuss various caries removal techniques and possibilities of their use in clinical practice. Based on the literature review it can be concluded that none of the new caries removal methods can completely replace conventional rotary instruments.Današnja stanovišta u stomatologiji podrazumevaju što manju traumu uz što veće očuvanje zdravih tkiva, kako u dijagnostikovanju, tako i u lečenju obolelih zuba. Zahvaljujući boljem razumevanju etiologije i mogućnosti prevencije karijesa, kao i razvoju savremenih stomatoloških materijala koji uspostavljaju adhezivnu, mikromehaničku, odnosno hemijsku vezu sa zubnim tkivima, stvara se mogućnost uštede zdrave zubne supstance. Obrada karijesne lezije se duže od jednog veka obavlja pomoću mašinskih rotirajućih instrumenata, koji obezbeđuju brz i precizan tretman. Međutim, tokom uklanjanja karijesa ovim instrumentima razvijaju se visoka temperatura, visok pritisak i vibracije, što predstavlja potencijalnu opasnost od oštećenja pulpe. Pored toga, uklanjanje karijesa ovim metodom dovodi do bolnih reakcija i zahteva primenu lokalnih anestetika, što je često osnovni razlog zbog kojeg veliki broj pacijenata ima odbojnost prema stomatološkim intervencijama. U lečenje karijesa su poslednjih decenija uvedeni razni terapijski postupci, čiji je cilj da se postigne efikasno i selektivno uklanjanje karijesnog tkiva, a da pri tom primenjeni metod bude prijatniji za pacijente. Nove mogućnosti obuhvataju primenu vazdušne abrazije i vazdušnog poliranja, ultrazvuka, polimernih borera, enzima, sistema za hemijsko-mehaničko uklanjanje karijesa i lasera. U radu su prikazane specifičnosti različitih metoda uklanjanja karijesa i mogućnosti njihove primene u stomatološkoj praksi. Na osnovu pregleda aktuelnih istraživanja zaključuje se da zasad nijedna tehnika ne može u potpunosti zameniti konvencionalne mašinske instrumente, ali i da je razvoj stomatološke nauke sigurno usmeren ka tom cilju

Ekspresija komponenti renin-angiotenzin sistema u humanom karotidnom plaku

Background/Aim. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is linked to the development of atherosclerosis (As), including its initiation and progression. Besides the well-known angio-tensin-converting enzyme (ACE), two newer RAS family members are related to vascular remodeling - ACE2 as a homolog of ACE and collectrin [transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27)] as a homolog of ACE2. Up to now, a limited number of studies have examined the expression of these RAS components in advanced carotid plaque (CP) tissue based on the sex of the patients and plaque phenotypes (PPs). There are two ultrasonographically defined PPs - the hypoechogenic plaque (HoP) and the hyperechogenic plaque (HerP) phenotype. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there was a correlation between the expression of RAS components in the CP and the sex and PPs of patients. Methods. We examined 74 patients with advanced CP who underwent carotid endarterectomy. The intraplaque expression of RAS components was determined with the real-time polymerase chain reaction, using the TaqMan® gene expression assays and Western blot. A two-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Tukey test was performed for the statistical analysis of results. Results. No interaction was recorded between the sex of the patients and PPs in influencing the relative expression of ACE and TMEM27 messenger RNA (mRNA) (p > 0.05). In 56.06% of plaque samples, no expression of ACE2 mRNA was detected. Among the plaques where ACE2 mRNA expression was detected, its expression level was higher in females with the HoP phenotype compared to females with the HerP phenotype (p < 0.001). In patients with the HoP phenotype, females had higher expression of ACE2 mRNA than males (p < 0.05). In the male study group, ACE protein levels were significantly lower in the HoP phenotype compared to the HerP phenotype (p < 0.001). Fe-males with the HoP phenotype had significantly higher ACE protein levels than males with the HoP phenotype (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. Our results revealed alterations in the expression levels of ACE and ACE2, at the mRNA and protein levels, in advanced carotid As. These alterations are impacted by sex and PP and may indicate a switch from the balanced RAS/ACE/ACE2 axis in the healthy blood vessel to the unbalanced axis in vascular remodeling due to As.Renin-angiotenzin sistem (RAS) povezan je sa razvojem ateroskleroze (As), uključujući njen nastanak i progresiju. Pored dobro poznatog angiotenzinkonvertujućeg enzima (angiotensin-converting enzyme – ACE), dva nova člana RAS familije povezana su sa remodelovanjem zidova krvnih sudova – ACE2 kao homolog ACE i kolektrin [transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27)] kao homolog ACE2. Do sada je mali broj studija ispitivao ekspresiju komponenti RAS sistema u tkivu uznapredovalog karotidnog plaka (KP) u odnosu na pol bolesnika i fenotip plaka (FP). Postoje dva tipa KP definisana primenom ultrazvuka – fenotip hipoehogenog plaka (HoP) i fenotip hiperehogenog plaka (HerP). Cilj rada bio je da se ispita da li postoji korelacija između ekspresije komponenti RAS u KP i pola i FP bolesnika. Metode. Ispitano je 74 bolesnika sa uznapredovalim KP koji su bili podvrgnuti operativnoj proceduri karotidne endarterektomije. Ekspresija komponenti RAS sistema u tkivu plaka utvrđena je lančanom reakcijom polimeraze u realnom vremenu (real-time polymerase chain reaction)primenom eseja TaqMan® tehnologije i metode Western blota. Dvosmerna analiza varijanse i Tukey post-hoc test korišćen su za statističku obradu rezultata. Rezultati. Nije utvrđena interakcija FP i pola bolesnika u uticaju na relativnu ekspresiju informacione RNK (iRNK) za ACE i TMEM27 (p > 0,05). U 56,06% uzoraka plaka nije detektovana ekspresija iRNK za ACE2. U plakovima u kojima je detektovana ekspresija iRNK za ACE2, njen nivo bio je viši kod žena sa HoP u poređenju sa ženama sa HerP (p < 0,001). U grupi bolesnika sa fenotipom HoP, žene su imale viši nivo iRNK za ACE2 nego muškarci (p < 0,05). U grupi muškaraca, nivoi ekspresije ACE proteina bili suznačajno niži u fenotipu HoP u poređenju sa HerP (p < 0,001). Žene sa fenotipom HoP imale su značajno viši nivo ACE proteina u poređenju sa muškarcima sa HoP (p < 0,0001). Zaključak. Naši rezultati pokazali su da postoje promene nivoa ekspresije ACE i ACE2, na nivou proteina i iRNK u uznapredovaloj karotidnoj As. Te promene zavise od pola i FP i mogu ukazivati na to da balans ose RAS/ACE/ACE2 koji postoji u zdravom krvnom sudu postaje poremećen tokom remodelovanja zida krvnog suda usled As