The effect of different supplemental feed types in semi-intensive production of common carp fry (Cyprinus carpio) on the structure and dynamics of pond ecosystems

Dobro poznavanje kompleksnih ekoloških odnosa u toplovodnim ribnjacima vaţan je preduslov uspešne šaranske proizvodnje u poluintenzivnom sistemu uzgoja. Poslednjih godina dolazi do intenziviranja proizvodnje šarana u Jugoistoĉnoj Evropi (Srbiji, Bosni i Hercegovini, Hrvatskoj, Bugarskoj i Rumuniji) kroz sve širu upotrebu koncentrovane hrane, peletirane i ekstrudirane, umesto ţitarica. Intenziviranje proizvodnje ovih riba nosi sa sobom promene u strukturi i dinamici ribnjaĉkog ekosistema. U periodu od juna do oktobra u devet ribnjaĉkih objekata na ribnjaku ''Kapetanski rit'' na severu Srbije ispitivan je uticaj tri razliĉita tipa dodatne hrane za dvogodišnju šaransku mlaĊ na fiziĉke i hemijske osobine vode, strukturu fitoplanktonske, zooplanktonske i bentosne zajednice ribnjaka i rast šarana. U istraţivanju su korišćena tri tipa dodatne hrane: kombinacija ţitarica u zrnu (kukuruz, pšenica i jeĉam), komercijalna peletirana i komercijalna ekstrudirana hrana sa 25% proteina i 7% masti. Pored toga, analizirana je priroda i jaĉina meĊuzavisnosti razliĉitih komponenata ribnjaĉkog ekosistema primenom analize redundantnosti (RDA). Tip dodatne hrane nije statistiĉki znaĉajno uticao na pokazatelje kvaliteta vode, izuzev na tvrdoću vode, ali je znaĉajno uticao na brojnost cijanobakterija, zooplanktona, bentosnih organizama i rast šaranske mlaĊi. Tako su jezera sa razliĉitim tipom dodatne hrane bila ujednaĉena u pogledu kvalitativnog sastava fitoplanktonske i zooplanktonske zajednice, dok su se znaĉajna odstupanja javila u kvantitativnom sastavu planktona. Cijanobakterije su bile dominantna grupa fitoplanktonskih organizama u svim jezerima, ali je u proseku njihova brojnost bila najmanja u grupi jezera u kojima je riba hranjena peletiranom hranom. TakoĊe, proseĉna brojnost Cladocera i Copepoda je u jezerima sa peletiranom hranom bila znaĉajno veća u odnosu na jezera sa ţitaricama i ekstrudiranom hranom, a brojnost makrozoobentosa je bila veća u odnosu na jezera sa ţitaricama. Rast dvogodišnje šaranske mlaĊi je bio znaĉajno manji u objektima u kojima je korišćena kombinacija ţitarica u odnosu na zimovnike sa dodatkom peletirane i ekstrudirane hrane izmeĊu kojih nije bilo znaĉajnih razlika...Good understanding of complex ecological relationship in carp ponds is an important prerequisite for successful common carp production in semi-intensive system. In recent years it has come to an intensification of carp production in South-East Europe (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania) through the wider use of industrially compounded feeds, pelleted and extruded, instead cereals. Intensification of production of these fish carries with it changes in the structure and dynamics of the pond ecosystem. The study was conducted from June to October 2009 in nine earthen fishponds at the carp farm ''Kapetanski rit'' in the north of Serbia. The influence of three different supplemental feed types for the two-year carp fry on the physical and chemical properties of water, structure of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic pond communities and carp growth was examined. Three types of supplemental feed were used: a combination of cereal grains (corn, wheat and barley), commercial pelleted and commercial extruded feed with 25% of proteins and 7% of fat. In addition using the redundancy analysis (RDA), the nature and strength of the interdependence of various components of pond ecosystems was analysed. The type of supplemental feed did not significantly affect the quality of water, except the hardness of water, but had a significantly effect on the abundance of cyanobacteria, zooplankton, benthic organism and the growth of carp fry. Thus ponds with different type of supplemental feed seemed more uniform in terms of the qualitative composition of the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, while significant discrepancies occurred in the quantitative composition of these communities. Cyanobacteria were the dominant group of phytoplankton organisms in all ponds, but on average their numbers were the lowest in the group of ponds in which pelleted feed was used. Also, the average number of Cladocera and Copepoda in the ponds with pelleted feed was significantly higher than in ponds in which cereals and extruded feed were used, and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates was higher than in ponds in which cereals were used..

State-of-the-art in biomonitoring

The presentation focused on personal experience on project proposal preparation and offered useful tips for Horizon Europe project application. The workshop was also an opportunity to present BIOLAWEB project, its objectives, the consortium and the first project results.Presentation for EUTA workshop held in May 2023BIOLAWEB project: [https://biolaweb.com/

Analiza hemijskog sastava etarskih ulja snažne efikasnosti na referentni soj ATCC 29212 i kliničke izolate Enterococcus faecalis

Twenty one essential oils (EOs) documented their significant antimicrobial effect with regard to our pre-set criterion of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC ≤ 200 μL / mL) of EOs towards Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 and or clinical isolates); the best effect MIC 0.4 μL / mL (approx. 0.26 μg / mL) achieved Satureja horvatii L. EO, while the EOs with the lowest antimicrobial efficacy were Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Achilea milefolium L., both with MIC s160.0 μg / mL. Analysis of the MIC values within the groups revealed that ATCC strain of E. faecalis is generally lower, ranging from 0.26 to 156 μg / mL, in comparison to those for clinical isolateswhich ranged from 10 to 160 μg / mL. Twelve 12 components that are common in EOs whith MIC s ≤ 200 μg / mL in testings towards both, the clinical and referent strains are given in descending order according to number of oils they are present in: trans-β-caryophyllene (13) > myrcene (8) > α-pinene (8) > linalool (7) > p-cymene (7) > borneol (7) > geraniol (6) > camphene (6) > limonene (5) > 1,8- cineol (5) > γ -terpinene (5) > α- terpinene (4). Comparison of EO constituents reviled that only, geraniol and 1,8-cineol, contributed with ≥ 10 % to more than one EO (MIC 0.3-200 μg / mL) efficient against both E. faecalis strains. Thirteen components in 11 EOs with MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL towards ATCC 29212 were representative based on their contents in EOs: eugenol 82.9 % > thymol 63.7 % > hexadecanoic acid 47.8 % > menthol 46.6 % > cis-b-ocimene 44.2 % > geranial 42.1 % > trans-β-caryophyllene 40.8 % > citronellal 36.7 % > α-pinene 31.2 % > neral 30.5 % > α-eudesmol 22.4 % > citronellol 13.1 % > menthone 11.3 %. Following seven components, representative in 10 EOs with MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL towards clinical isolates, are presented in order of their contribution to EOs: phenylethyl alcohol 57.7 % > geranial 32.9 % > neral 22.2 % > p- cymene 20 % > carvacrol 14 % > α-pinene 11.5 % > linalool 11.4 %. Out of 21 highly efficient EOs selected in this study, six EOs proved to be the most efficient (MIC ≤ 30 μg / mL ); three oils in control of E.faecalis ATCC strain (Satureja horvatii, Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis) and other three in control of E. faecalis clinical isolates (Leptospermum petersonii, Thymus algeriensis, Thymus serpyllum). Thymol is a major component in three out of the six aforementioned most efficient EOs. The aim of our study was to investigate differences in efficacy of selected EOs that proved to possess great antimicrobial activity, towards the referent strain ATCC 29212 and clinical isolates of E. faecalis on, and to estimate which of their constituents might contribute to desired activity, as 'markers compunds'.Pregledom literature odabrano je 21 etarsko ulje (EU) koje pokazuje izuzetno značajan antimikrobni efekat prema kriterijumima koje smo zadali (MIC ≤ 200 μL / mL) na Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212 referentni soj ili klinički izolat); Najbolji antimikrobni efekat sa MIC 0.4 μL / mL (približno 0.26 μg / mL) pokazalo je etarsko ulje Satureja horvatii L., dok su sa najslabijim antimikrobnim efektom bila ulja Rosmarinus officinalis L. i Achilea milefolium L. (MIC 160.0 μg / mL). Međugrupnom analizom MIC vrednosti, utvrđeno je da se MIC vrednosti, i u grupi u kojoj su testirana ulja na referentne sojeve i u grupi na kliničkim izolatima, razlikuju. MIC vrednosti ulja koja su delovala na referentni soj E. faecalis ATCC 29212, variraju od 0.26 to 156 μg / mL , dok je opseg MIC vrednosti koja pokazuju ulja efikasna na kliničke izolate E. faecalisa bio između 10 to 160 μg / mL. Dvanaest komponenti koje su zajedničke za etarska ulja testirana i na referentnom soju i na kliničkim izolatima, a čiji MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL , iskazana su u opadajućem nizu u odnosu na broj ulja u kojima su sadržana: trans-β-kariofilen (13) > mircen (8) > α-pinen (8) > linalool (7) > p-cymen (7) > borneol (7) > geraniol (6) > kamfen (6) > limonen (5) > 1,8-cineol (5) > γ-terpinen (5) > α-terpinen (4). Poređenjem komponenti utvrđeno je da su samo dve komponente, geraniol i 1,8-cineol, prisutne u procentualnoj zastupljenosti ≥ 10 % u više od jednog etarskog ulja (MIC opseg ulja 0.3-200 μg / mL ), a koja su pokazala efikasnost i na ATCC i na kliničke sojeve E. faecalis. Geraniol i 1,8-cineol su glavne komponente sadržaja ≥ 10 % u više ulja efikasnih i protiv ATCC soja i kliničkih izolata (MIC 0.3-200 μg / mL). U 11 ulja sa MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL na E. faecalis ATCC 29212, uočeno je 13 reprezentativnih komponenti, predstavljanih opadajućem nizu u odnosu na zastupljenost u uljima: eugenol 82.9 % > timol 63.7 % > heksadekanoanska kiselina 47.8 % > mentol 46.6 % > cis-b-ocimen 44.2 % > geranial 42.1 % > trans-β-kariofilen 40.8 % > citronelal 36.7 % > α-pinen 31.2 % > neral 30.5 % > α-eudesmol 22.4 % > citronelol 13.1 % > menton 11.3 %. U 10 etarskih ulja sa MIC ≤ 200 μg / mL efikasnim na klinički izolat, 7 je reprezentativnih i one su prikazane u opadajućem nizu u odnosu na njihovu zastupljenost u EU: feniletil alkohol 57.7 % > geranial 32.9 % > neral 22.2 % > p-cimen 20 % > karvakrol, 14 % > α-pinen 11.5 % > linalool 11.4 %. Od 21 EU iz ovog pregleda, šest su se izdvojila kao najefikasnija (MIC ≤ 30 μg / mL); 3 na referentni E. faecalis ATCC soj (Satureja horvatii, Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis) i druga 3 na E faecalis klinički izolat (Leptospermum petersonii, Thymus algeriensis, Thymus serpyllum). Timol je bio procentualno najzastupljenija komponenta u 3 od 6 najefikasnijih EU. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde razlike u efikasnosti etarskih ulja koja su odabrana zbog njihove jake antimikrobne aktivnosti na kliničke izolate E. faecalis kao i na referentni soj ATCC 29212, i da se izvrši procena njihovog hemijskog sastava vezano za komponente koje svojim učešćem doprinose antimikrobnoj aktivnosti i mogu poslužiti kao 'markeri efikasnosti'

EDGE DETECTION PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION BASED ON THE GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR RAIL TRACK DETECTION

One of the most important parameters in an edge detection process is setting up the proper threshold value. However, that parameter can be different for almost each image, especially for infrared (IR) images. Traditional edge detectors cannot set it adaptively, so they are not very robust. This paper presents optimization of the edge detection parameter, i.e. threshold values for the Canny edge detector, based on the genetic algorithm for rail track detection with respect to minimal value of detection error. First, determination of the optimal high threshold value is performed, and the low threshold value is calculated based on the well-known method. However, detection results were not satisfactory so that, further on, the determination of optimal low and high threshold values is done. Efficiency of the developed method is tested on set of IR images, captured under night-time conditions. The results showed that quality detection is better and the detection error is smaller in the case of determination of both threshold values of the Canny edge detector

Prvi nalaz roda Haslea Simonsen u Srbiji i novi taksoni silikatnih algi za floru države u ekstremnim i jedinstvenim staništima Vojvodine

Salt habitats are extreme and unique environments found from Austria through Hungary to the Vojvodina Province in Serbia. In our study, we investigated eight saline habitats (channeled salt marshes, moist salt meadows and saline ponds), from which we collectedplankton, epipelic and epiphytic diatoms. Seventeen diatom taxa new for the Serbian diatom flora were recorded. In addition, the genus Haslea, with one species (H. spicula), was recorded for the first time in Serbia. The identified taxa were sporadic or rare in the samples.Alkalna slana jezera, bare i močvare su ekstremna i jedinstvena staništa rasprostranjena u Austriji, Mađarskoj i Srbiji (Vojvodina). Istraživanje je obuhvatilo osam slanih staništa različitog tipa: kanalizovane slatine, zabarena slana staništa i slane bare. Uzorci obuhvataju različite zajednice silikatnih algi: plankton, bentos i epifite. Utvrđeno je prisustvo 17 taksona silikatnih algi po prvi put zabeleženih na teritoriji Srbije, a među njima prvi put i rod Haslea Simonsen sa jednom vrstom, H. spicula. Identifikovani taksoni su retki i sporadično nalaženi u uzorcima

TOWARDS MACHINE VISION BASED RAILWAY ASSETS PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

The main goal of this paper is to present novel technologies that can contribute to safety, competitiveness, efficiency and operational reliability of Railway infrastructure through the development of innovative solutions for measuring and monitoring of railway assets based on machine vision. Measuring the transversal position of the wheels on the rail, as well as identification of the defects of the wheel and the rail (such as deformation of rail head edge, lateral wear, worn wheels, cracks in wheel and rail, rolling contact fatigue, corrugation and other irregularities) can increase reliability and lower maintenance costs. Currently, there is a need on the market for the innovative solution, namely the on-board high-speed stereo camera system augmented with a system that projects custom pattern (fringe scanner system) for measuring the transversal position of the wheels on the rail, robust to environmental conditions and waste along the track that can provide reliable measurements of transversal position of the wheels up to 200 km/h. New trends in Precise Industrial 3D Metrology are showing that stereo vision is an absolute must have in modern specialized optical precision measuring systems for the three-dimensional coordinate measurement

BIODIVERSITY OVERVIEW OF SODA PANS IN THE VOJVODINA REGION (SERBIA)

Due to their specific physical and chemical properties of water and soil soda pans of the Vojvodina region represent a unique type of habitats. Salinity is a major structuring factor which strongly affects species richness. Many halotolerant, alkalotolerant and halophilic organisms, together with numerous eurytopic elements inhabit these kinds of ecosystems. In this review we tried to compile the biodiversity information from various literature sources and give the best representation of what can be expected to be found in these shallow, temporary and intermittent aquatic environments. Only a few groups of organisms are fairly well studied, while many others are insufficiently investigated or the knowledge of them is lacking altogether. Best investigated are certain groups of algae and birds. Bacterial communities, as well as many invertebrate groups, are poorly studied or not investigated at all. Characteristic elements of flora and fauna, together with growing anthropogenic pressures make soda pans prime targets for protection

Osetljivost referentnih sojeva i oralnih kliničkih izolata Candida spp. - na odabrana etarska ulja familije Apiaceae

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antifungal activity of four essential oils from Apiaceae family, Pastinaca sativa, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum and Anethum graveolens, against Candida spp. reference strains and clinical isolates from human oral cavities. Chemical analysis of the essential oils (GCFID and GC/MS) showed that predominating chemical classes in the essential oil of A. graveolens was monoterpene hydrocarbons (49.4 %) and the major constituent of the oil was carvone (42.2 %): while in the oils of P. anisum, F. vulgare and P. sativa majority of compounds belong to phenylpropenes (80.9 %, 65.9 % and 49.4 %, respectively): and the major oil constituents were trans-anethole (65.1 % and 80.8 %) and myristicine (49.0 %): respectively. Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum fungicidal (MFC) concentrations were determined using microdilution method. All the tested oils inhibited growth of Candida spp. The strongest antifungal activity was shown by A. graveolens essential oil (MIC 0.63-2.5 mg mL-1; MFC 1.25-5 mg mL-1). In addition to the common use of parsnip, fennel, anise and dill in traditional medicine, present study validates use of their essential oils in treatments intended for reduction and elimination of Candida spp. population in human patients with fungal infection.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita hemijski sastav i antifungalna aktivnost četiri etarska ulja familije Apiaceae, Pastinaca sativa, Foeniculum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum i Anethum graveolens, na referentne sojeve i kliničke izolate Candida spp. iz usne duplje ljudi. Hemijska analiza ispitivanih etarskih ulja (GC-FID i GC/MS) je pokazala da u uljima dominiraju sledeće hemijske klase: u ulju A. graveolens - monoterpenski ugljovodonici (49,4%) i glavni sastojak je karvon (42,2 %): dok u uljima P. anisum F. vulgare P. sativa većina jedinjenja pripada fenilpropenima (80,9 %, 65,9 % i 49,4 %, respektivno): pri čemu su glavne komponente prva dva ulja trans-anetol (65,1 % i 80.8 %): a trećeg, miristicin (49.0 %). Minimalne inhibitorne (MIC) i minimalne fungicidne koncentracije ulja (MFC) su određene primenom mikrodilucione metode. Ispitivana tri ulja su inhibirala rast svih Candida spp.; najjaču antifungalnu aktivnost je pokazalo ulje A. graveolens (MIC 0.63-2.5 mg ml-1; MFC 1.25-5 mg ml-1). Pored česte primene paškanata, morača, anisa i mirođije u tradicionalnoj medicini, ova studija potvrđuje upotrebu njihovih etarskih ulja u tretmanima redukcije i eliminisanju populacije Candida spp. kod humanih pacijenata sa gljivičnim infekcijama

Parametri klijanja i rani porast ponika kukuruza u različitim nivoima sonog stresa

Increased salt concentration has a negative effect on germination parameters and early seedling growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate germination parameters and early seedlings growth of maize under different salinity conditions (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa). Germination was tested in double rolled filter paper, moistened with different NaCl solution, in the dark at 25°C. Osmotic stress had significant effects on all examined characteristics, except on final germination. Under the highest osmotic stress, mean germination time and time to 50% germination were 14 h and 30 h longer than at control. Root and shoot length under those conditions (-1.2 MPa) were 76% and 87% shorter compared to control, while root and shoot weight were reduced (81% and 87%). Minor reduction in germination energy was recorded under stress. These results showed different responses of germination parameters and early seedling growth in the observed genotype under different salinity conditions.Povećane koncentracije soli imaju negativan efekat na parametar klijanja i rani porast klijanaca. Cilj istraživanja bio je ocena parametara klijanja i ranog porasta klijanaca kukuruza u uslovima različite zaslanjenosti (0, -0,3, -0,6, -0,9 i -1,2 MPa). Klijanje je testirano na filter papiru, nakvašenom rastvorom NaCl različitog osmotskog potencijala, u mraku na 25°C. Osmotski stres je imao značajan uticaj na sve ispitivane parametre, osim na klijavost. U uslovima najvišeg osmotskog stresa, srednje vreme klijanja i vreme dostizanja 50% klijavosti, bili su 14 h i 30 h duži u odnosu na kontrolu. Dužina korenka i izdanka u navedenim uslovima (-1,2 MPa) je bila za 76% i 87% kraća spram kontrole, dok je masa korena i stabla bila manja za 81% i 87%. Energija klijanja je smanjena u manjoj meri u uslovima stresa. Rezultati pokazuju razliku u reakciji parametara klijanja i ranog porasta ponika posmatranog genotipa u uslovima različitog nivoa osmotskog stresa

Application of TBI index in the ecological status assessment of the shallow eolian Lake Ludaš (Serbia)

Shallow saline lakes are unique habitats, highly susceptible to negative effects of climate change and adverse anthropogenic activities Recently, several indices, including a trait based index ( have been developed for the assessment of their ecological status The TBI index is calculated as a ratio of traits (diatom groups) that indicate good or excellent ecological conditions (motile species with small cell size and more elongated valves) and traits that are related to degraded ecological status (low and high profile ecological guilds and planktic life form) We tested the applicability of the TBI index in Lake Luda š that was originally an alkaline saline lake Epiphytic diatoms together with water samples for chemical analyses, were collected in June 2019 at the southern part of the lake where a dense population of Ceratophylum demersum was observed A total of 35 diatom taxa were identified in this hyposaline lake The highest number of species belonged to the genus Nitzschia Typical sodic water taxa for this part of the Pannonian Plain, such as Nitzschia austriaca Navicula veneta and N wiesneri were not observed Instead, species characteristic for disturbed saline habitats, for example Navicula wendlingii and Tabularia fasciculata, were recorded In Lake Luda š functional groups of diatoms connected with high conductivity reached only one third of the total abundance On the other hand, a higher percentage of low and high profile guilds and planktic diatoms were recorded Consequently, the TBI index indicated the low ecological status of Lake Luda š and confirmed the negative effect of a disturbed hydrological regime10th International Shallow Lakes Conference, Towards a landscape ecology of shallow lakes, virtual format, March 1st to 5th 2021