Attitudes Towards The Foreign Products From Animosity, Boycott And Ethnocentrism Perspectives: The Case Of Turkish Students

The purposes of this study are to determine Turkish students’ attitudes towards products imported from countries that Turkey has political and economic crisis, and understand their buying behavior from animosity, boycott and ethnocentrism perspectives. Analyzing these concepts and determining their attitudes towards foreign products will provide useful information about Turkish students markets and help international/global marketing manager to develop their marketing mix, especially for promotion mix strategies. The survey was conducted at Pamukkale University, Denizli- Turkey with 394 students. The relationship between attitudes towards importing foreign products and purchase intention are high, and Turkish student animosity and ethnocentrism are considered to have an influence on the perception of foreign products. Crisis and ethnocentrism are found as the most two important determinants to buy international products imported from countries that Turkey has politic/economic problems. Foreign companies that export their products or manufactured in Turkey should use adaptation strategies in order to decrease Turkish students’ ethnocentrism

Polymorphism detection of DGAT1 and Lep genes in Anatolian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations in Turkey

Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) enzyme plays a key role in controlling the synthesis rate triglyceride from diacylglycerol. Leptin (LP, OB, obese) is an important hormone that synthesizes mostly from adipose tissue and regulates glucose metabolism and homeostasis. DGAT1 and Lep genes are closely related to reproduction, growth, milk yield and composition in water buffalo breeds. This study aimed to identify genetic variation in the DGAT1 and Lep gene regions in 150 water buffalo individuals from five different provinces of Turkey using DNA sequencing. A total of 38 nucleotide variations and indels have identified 761 bp long partial intron 2 and exon 3 and 5' UTR regions of the Lep gene in Anatolian water buffalo populations; 422 bp long partial exon 7-9 and exon 8 regions of DGAT1 gene were amplified and two mutations were defined in the point of 155 and 275 nucleotide that is three genotypes for S allele and Y allele of DGAT1 gene in intron 7 in Anatolian buffalo populations, respectively. These SNPs may have an effect on reproduction, growth, milk yield and composition in water buffalo populations and may prove to be useful for water buffalo breeding.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Namik Kemal University [NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.32]; Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies [TAGEM 13/AR-GE/29]This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Namik Kemal University, under project number NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.32, and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, under project number TAGEM 13/AR-GE/29

Preventive drugs restore visual evoked habituation and attention in migraineurs

Visual system pathway dysfunction has been postulated in migraineurs. We wanted to investigate if any difference exists interictally in visual attention and visual evoked habituation of frequently attacked migraineurs compared to the healthy control group. The effects of 3-month prophylactic migraine treatment on these parameters were also assessed. The migraineurs at headache-free interval (n = 52) and age, sex-matched healthy controls (n = 35) were compared by habituation response to 10 blocks of repetitive pattern-reversal visual stimuli (each block consisted 100 responses). The amplitude changes of 5th and 10th blocks were further compared with that of block 1 to assess the response of habituation (i.e., decrease) or potentiation (i.e., increase). The level of sustained visual attention was assessed by Cancellation test. Migraineurs were randomized to three different preventive treatments: propranolol 40 mg tid, flunarizine 5 mg bid, or topiramate 50 mg bid. After 3 months of preventive treatment, migraineurs data were compared with their baseline values. The groups did not differ by sex and age. In electrophysiological studies, the habituation ability observed in the healthy group was not observed in migraineurs. However, it was restored 3 months after preventive treatment. In migraineurs, compared to their baseline values, the distorted visual attention parameters also improved after treatment. All drugs were effective. The loss of habituation ability and low visual attention performance in migraineurs can be restored by migraine preventive treatment. This electrophysiological study accompanied by neuropsychological test may aid an objective and quantitative assessment tool for understanding migraine pathophysiology

Identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone (GH) gene in Anatolian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations in Turkey

This study was conducted to investigate the growth hormone (GH; somatotropin-like) gene polymorphisms in 150 water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from different regions of Turkey. 404 bp long partial intron 4, exon 5, 3’ UTR regions of the GH gene (also called GH/AluI locus) and 347 bp long exon-intron 3 and partial exon 4 regions of the GH gene (also called GH/MspI locus) were amplified, and their PCR products analyzed via DNA sequencing method. Seven genotypes due to twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and one deletion/insertion were identified in a 347 bp long region of the GH/MspI locus. A missense mutation from glycine to glutamate amino acid and four silent mutations in the serine, threonine, and asparagine amino acids were determined in the exon 3 region of the GH gene. Four genotypes due to eight SNP were identified in a 404 bp long region of the GH/AluI locus. A missense mutation from lysine to arginine amino acid and six silent mutations in Leucine, aspartate, histidine, lysine, arginine, and cysteine amino acids were revealed in the exon 5 region of the GH gene. The partial DNA sequence of the GH gene in water buffalos was reported, and these sequences were deposited at the NCBI Genbank database with the accession numbers MN266903-MN266909 and MN530973-MN530976. These SNP may have an effect on economic (such as body composition) and carcass traits, reproduction, and milk yield and content in water buffalo populations and may prove to be useful for water buffalo breeding. © 2020 All Rights ReservedAR.14.32, NKUBAP.00.24; Tarimsal Araştirmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarim Ve Orman Bakanliği: TAGEM ??AR -GE/ ??This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Nam?k Kemal University, under project number NKUBAP.00.24.AR.14.32, and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, under project number TAGEM 13/AR-GE/29.This research was supported by the Scienti ?ic Research Projects Coordination Unit of Namık Kemal University, under project number NKUBAP. ??????AR. ?????? and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, under project number TAGEM ??AR -GE/ ??

Genetic relationships of Thrace and Yigilca honey bee populations based on microsatellite structure

Thrace and Yigilca honey bees, two important honey bee ecotypes in apicultural activity of Turkey, are the subject of genetic conservation effort. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of honey bee populations from Thrace and Yigilca were investigated using 27 microsatellites. Except Kirklareli and Yigilca (Fst: 0.14), it was observed lower genetic divergence between the populations based on the value of pairwise Fst. Although Thrace populations (Edirne, Tekirdag and Kirklareli) were not fully separated from each other, Yigilca population was significantly separated from Kirklareli and separated slightly from the rest of other populations. The calculated gene diversity of the populations ranged from 0.44 in Kirklareli to 0.56 in Edirne and Tekirdag. Despite the high genetic diversity within the populations, the significant heterozygous deficiency found in Kirklareli may be due to repeated and controlled swarming of the selected colonies by beekeepers. These factors could have contributed the observed genotypic homogenization within Kirklareli honey bee population. Our results demonstrate that genetic differantiation of Thrace and Yigilca populations is still conserved, but gene flow is not prevented by the current management strategies, creating urgent demand for an improved conservation management of honey bee populations.Duzce UniversityDuzce University [20100501038]The research was supported by Duzce University Scientific Research fund through A research project (DUBAP Project no:20100501038). We thank beekeepers for providing the honey bee samples and their cooperation. We also thank Davud Gur for his support during the collection of some of the samples for this study

Identification of novel genetic variants for KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and K33 genes in some of indigenous goat breeds of Turkey

The animal fibres such as mohair, cashmere and cashgora have a complex structure and affected by genetic variation of keratin associated protein genes as KAP 1.1 (Keratin Associated Protein 1.1, formerly known as B2A), KAP1.3 (Keratin Associated Protein 1.3, formerly known as B2C) and K33 (Keratin Intermediate Filaments Type I, formerly known as KRT1.2). Keratin-associated proteins play a significant role in identifying structural and mechanical properties of the hair and wool fibres. This study was conducted to detect genetic variation at the KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and K33 genes in indigenous Turkish goat populations using DNA sequencing method. The DNA of 100 individuals selected from 5 different native goat breeds (Hair, Honamli, Kilis, Norduz, and Angora) that reared different regions of Turkey were used as materials. A total of 59 nucleotide variations and indels (insertion/deletion) of KAP1.1 gene, 15 nucleotide variations and indels of KAP1.3 gene, 16 nucleotide variations of K33 gene were determined in the studied samples. These nucleotide variations and indels have been causing changes in the number and sequence of amino acids. It is necessary to determine the relationships with mohair yield, quality and polymorphisms that are determined in KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and KRT1.2 genes

Genetic variation and relationships among Turkish water buffalo populations

P>The genetic variation and relationships among six Turkish water buffalo populations, typical of different regions, were assessed using a set of 26 heterologous (bovine) microsatellite markers. Between seven and 17 different alleles were identified per microsatellite in a total of 254 alleles. The average number of alleles across all loci in all the analysed populations was found to be 12.57. The expected mean heterozygosity (H-e) per population ranged between 0.5 and 0.58. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for 44 locus-population combinations. Population differentiation was analysed by estimation of the F-st index (values ranging from 0.053 to 0.123) among populations. A principal component analysis of variation revealed the Merzifon population to show the highest differentiation compared with the others. In addition, some individuals of the Danamandira population appeared clearly separated, while the Afyon, Coskun, Pazar and Thural populations represented a single cluster. The assignment of individuals to their source populations, performed using the Bayesian clustering approach implemented in the structure 2.2 software, supports a high differentiation of Merzifon and Danamandira populations. The results of this study are useful for the development of conservation strategies for the Turkish buffalo

Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene polymorphisms in Turkish native cattle breeds

The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of 4 native Turkish cattle breeds, based on the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) genes. In order to study the polymorphisms in these genes, the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was performed. A 329-bp fragment and a 223-bp fragment of GH, a 156-bp fragment of PRL, and a 411-bp fragment of DGAT1, thus 4 loci of 3 genes, were amplified via PCR. These fragments were then restricted with the enzymes MspI, Alu1, RsaI, and CfrI, respectively. In this study, 2 types of alleles, (+) and (-) for the GH-MspI, L and V for the GH-Alu1, A and B for the PRL, and K and A for the DGAT1 loci, were observed. The results of the present study will contribute to the polymorphism data on the world's cattle breeds. Furthermore, the above-mentioned allele frequencies of Turkish native breeds are evaluated in relation to their genetic relatedness, and to infer their milk production properties on the basis of the available literature. In turn, these results can be utilized for future breeding programs of dairy cattle in Turkey

Phylogenetic relationships of Turkish indigenous donkey populations determined by mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

In this study, to analyze the mtDNA D-loop region and the origin of the maternal lineages of 16 different donkey populations, and to assess the domestication of Turkish indigenous donkeys in seven geographical regions, we investigated the DNA sequences of the D-loop region of 315 indigenous donkeys from Turkey. A total of 54 haplotypes, resulting from 35 polymorphic regions (27 parsimoniously informative and 6 singleton sites), were defined. Twenty-eight of these haplotypes are unique (51.85%), and 26 are shared among different Turkish indigenous donkey populations. The most frequent haplotype was Hap 1 (45.71%), followed by two haplotypes (Hap 4, 15.55% and Hap 7, 5.39%). The breed genetic diversity, evaluated by the haplotype diversity (HD ) and nucleotide diversity (?D ), for the Turkish donkey populations ranged from 0.533 ± 0.180 (Tekirdağ–Malkara, MAL) to 0.933 ± 0.122 (Aydin, AYD), and from 0.01196 ± 0.0026 (Antalya, ANT) to 0.02101 ± 0.0041 (Aydin, AYD), respectively. We observed moderate-to-high levels of haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity, indicating plentiful genetic diversity in all of the Turkish indigenous donkey populations. Phylogenetic analysis (NJT) and median-joining network analysis established that all haplotypes were distinctly grouped into two major haplogroups. The results of AMOVA analyses, based on geographic structuring of Turkish native donkey populations, highlighted that the majority of the observed variance is due to differences among samples within populations. The observed differences between groups were found to be statistically significant. Comparison among Turkish indigenous donkey mtDNA D-loop regions and haplotypes, and different countries’ donkey breeds and wild asses, identified two clades and which is named Somali (Clade IV) and Nubian (Clade V) lineages. The results can be used to understand the origin of Turkish donkey populations clearly, and to resolve the phylogenetic relationship among all of the different regions. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÜBITAK: 215O555This research was funded by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), grant number 215O555, project leader Fulya ?zdil. The authors would like to kindly thank to Selen Yatkin who provide help during the sample collection. We are also grateful to all farmers and pastoralists for allowing us to use their animal to collect blood samples for free. Many thanks to our lab team ?eref M?cahit Topalo?lu and Ayla Fidan for helping laboratory experiment. The authors want to thank four anonymous reviewers for comments on this work