Structural and optical properties of 2-dimensional coordination compound containing 2- sulfoterephthalic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine

Bu çalışmada, iki farklı organik ligand içeren yeni bir tip iki-boyutlu koordinasyon bileşiği, {(2-H3stp)(4,4'-bipy)2.(H2O)}n,(2-H3stp =2-sülfoterfitalik asit ve 4,4'-bipy= 4,4'-bipiridin), hidrotermal yöntemle sentezlendi ve tek kristal X ışını kristalografisi, toz kırınımı, UV-Vis spektroskopisi ve katı hal fotolüminesans ölçümleri ile karakterize edildi. Kristal yapı analizi bileşiğin triklinik kristal sistemi P-1 uzay grubunda kristalleştiğini gösterir. Bileşiğin asimetrik birimi bir 2-sülfoterfitalik asit, iki 4,4'-bipiridin ve bir örgü su moleküllerinden oluşmaktadır. Kristal yapıda her bir 2-H3stp ligandı güçlü O– H···N hidrojen bağları ile 4,4'-bipiridin molekülü ile etkileşim içindedir. Yapı böylece tek-boyutlu zincir şeklinde büyümektedir. Ayrıca, O–H···O, O– H···N hidrojen bağları ve yüz yüze π-π etkileşimler ile molekülleri bir arada tutmaktadır. Sonuç olarak yapı iki-boyutlu bir forma sahip olur. Ayrıca, bileşik ve onun ligandları sırasıyla oda sıcaklığında katı halde şiddetli sarı-yeşil ve yeşil lüminesans sergiler. Bileşik, maksimum dalgaboyu 560 nm de olacak şekilde geniş yayma bandı gösterir. Bu geçiş muhtemelen π -π * veya n-π * ligandlar arası elektronik geçiş olabilir. Bu arada, bileşiğin ölçülen fotolüminesans spektrumunda, serbest ligandlarla karşılaştırıldığında yaklaşık 50 nm kırmızıya kayma gözlenmiştir. Böylece, bileşik sarımsı-yeşil ışık yayar. Bileşik, {(2-H3stp)(4,4'-bipy)2.(H2O)}n, hem teknolojik hem de endüstriyel üretimde yapısal bir ara malzeme olarak kullanılabilir.In this study, a new type 2D coordination compound formulated as {(2-H3stp)(4,4'-bipy)2.(H2O)}n, (2-H3stp =2-sulfoterephthalic acid and 4,4'-bipy= 4,4'-bipyridine), which included two different organic ligand, was synthesized via hydrothermal method and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV-vis and solid-state photoluminescence measurements. The crystal structure analysis shows that compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 and its asymmetric unit of contains one 2-sulfoterephthalic acid, two 4,4'-bipyridine and one coordinated water molecules. In this structure, each 2-H3stp ligand links to one 4,4'-bipy molecule with O–H···N hydrogen bonds and the structure is expanding in the form of one-dimensional chain. Meanwhile, O–H···O, O–H···N hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π–π interactions contact also connect the molecules in the structure, resulting form to 2D. Furthermore, compound and its ligand display an intense yellow and green light luminescence emission in the solid-state at room temperature, respectively. The compound indicates broad emission band at λmax= 560 nm which may be assigned to the π-π* or n-π* electronic transition intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT). Meanwhile, the photoluminescent measured of compound shows the about 50 nm red shift compared free ligands. Thus, compound emits yellowish-green light. The compound, {(2-H3stp)(4,4'-bipy)2.(H2O)}n, can be used as a structural intermediate material in both technological and industrial production

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir plus Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir +/- Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience

Background/Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.Material and Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)+/- ribavirin (RBV) ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir (PrOD)+/- RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, factors affecting SVR, safety profile, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) occurrence were analyzed.Results: SVR12 was achieved in 92.8% of the patients (4,040/4,352) according to intention-to-treat and in 98.3% of the patients (4,040/4,108) according to per-protocol analysis. The SVR12 rates were similar between the treatment regimens (97.2%-100%) and genotypes (95.6%-100%). Patients achieving SVR showed a significant decrease in the mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (50.90 +/- 54.60 U/L to 17.00 +/- 14.50 U/L) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (7.51 +/- 4.54 to 7.32 +/- 3.40) (p<0.05). Of the patients, 2 were diagnosed with HCC during the treatment and 14 were diagnosed with HCC 37.0 +/- 16.0 weeks post-treatment. Higher initial MELD score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.38; p=0.023]), higher hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31-2.28; p=0.038), and higher serum ALT levels (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83; p=0.042) were associated with poor SVR12. The most common adverse events were fatigue (12.6%), pruritis (7.3%), increased serum ALT (4.7%) and bilirubin (3.8%) levels, and anemia (3.1%).Conclusion: LDV/SOF or PrOD +/- RBV were effective and tolerable treatments for patients with CHC and with or without advanced liver disease before and after liver transplantation. Although HCV eradication improves the liver function, there is a risk of developing HCC.Turkish Association for the Study of The Liver (TASL

Optimum Design Of A Household Tea Maker Which Has An Actuated Infuser

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2011Her geçen gün günlük hayatımızda daha fazla yer edinmeye başlayan çay içeceği, son yıllarda sudan sonra başlıca içeceklerimiz arasında gelmektedir. Süregelen araştırmalarla çayın devamlı olarak sağlığa farklı yararlarının bulunması da çayın popülaritesini arttırdığı gibi; yeşil çay, beyaz çay, seylan, oolong, bitki ve meyve çayı gibi farklı çay çeşitlerinin de yavaş yavaş Türkiye pazarına girmesi çayın daha geniş bir yelpazede günlük içecek olarak tüketilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte, günlük hayatta gördüğü talep gittikçe artan çayın evlerde daha pratik hazırlanabilmesi maksadıyla geliştirilen otomatik çay makinelerinin sayısı da sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Ancak Türkiye, ülkeler bazında üretim ve tüketimde her ne kadar üst sıralarda olsa da, geliştirilen çay makinelerinin birçoğu ithal makineler olup, siyah çay demleme yöntemleri genellikle Türk demleme tekniğine uygun olmadığından Türkiye’de siyah çay dışındaki çayların demlenmesinde tercih edilmektedirler. Türk demleme tekniğine uygun şekilde çay demleyen bir otomatik çay makinesinin ev ve işyerlerinde önemli bir ihtiyacı karşılayacağı düşünüldüğünde, hem kullanıcıya sağladığı kolaylık hem de Türk damak tadına uygunluğu açısından pazarda talep görmesi kuvvetle muhtemel bir ürün olduğu ön görülmektedir. Bu noktadan yola çıkılarak Arçelik A.Ş. Merkez ARGE biriminde hayata geçirilen 10-040 Tea-matic projesi kapsamında siyah çayın yanında bitki ve meyve çaylarının da demlenmesine imkân tanıyan hareketli filtre haznesine sahip bir çay makinesinin tasarımı çalışılmıştır. Konsept geliştirilmesine paralel olarak piyasadaki mevcut ürünler incelenmiş; beraberinde patent araştırması yapılarak rakiplerin durumları irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışmaların sonucunda konstrüksiyon sistematiği ışığında seçilen filtre hareket mekanizması konseptinin detaylandırılması yapılmış ve prototipler yardımıyla edinilen geri bildirimlerle tasarım nihâi halini almıştır. Arçelik A.Ş. Merkez ARGE departmanında yürütülen Türk demleme tekniğine uygun bir şekilde çay demlemenin yanında diğer çay çeşitlerinin de demlenmesine imkân tanıyan ve demleme işlemini otomatik bir şekilde gerçekleştiren hareketli filtre haznesine sahip bir çay makinesinin tasarımı çalışması bu tezin içeriğini oluşturmaktadır.Every passing day tea is becoming to take place in our daily lives more widely and ranks second as main beverage after water. As on-going researches emerge different benefits of tea for human health which making tea more popular among consumers; also various tea types like green tea, white tea, Ceylon, oolong, herbal and fruit tea started to enter Turkey market and contributing tea to become more popular. To make tea brewing more practical at houses, which is being more demanded day after day, number of automatic tea brewing machines is constantly increasing with developed technology. However, although Turkey is a high-rank country according to production and consumption of tea in country scale, due to most of that automatic tea brewing machines are imported and they are not able to brew black tea similar to Turkish brewing style, in Turkey they are just preferred to brew other tea varieties, except black tea. The idea of meeting a substantial demand at houses and offices with an automatic tea machine which brews tea convenient to Turkish brewing style, both ease of use and suitability for Turkish taste it is predicted that this the tea machine will be an extremely likely to be demanded in the market. Based on this point, with this study performed in Arçelik Inc. R&D Centre, as part of 10-040 Tea-matic project a tea maker concept, which has a movable infuser, was studied to brew herbal and fruit tea beside black tea. In parallel with concept improving, existing tea-brewing machines were examined and rival companies’ levels on this field are semtinized with patent researchments. As the result of this study, the specified infuser actuation mechanism concept was detailed with regard to construction systemathics and the design was finalized with the aid of feedbacks that obtained from prototypes. The study, performed in Arçelik Inc. R&D Centre, containes optimum design of an automatic tea machine which has a movable infuser and is able to brew black tea convenient to Turkish brewing style and enables brewing other tea varieties except black tea, constitutes the content of this thesis.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Zonguldak deniz suyunda ve sedimentlerinde ağır metal seviyeleri

Bu çalışmada Karadeniz kıyısındaki illerden olan Zonguldak deniz suyunda ve dip çamurunda ağır metal seviyeleri ölçüldü. Örnekler endüstriyel alanlardan ve şehir plajlarından toplanmıştır. Deniz suyunda çözünmüş metal konsantrasyonları Çatalağzı termik santralı kıyısında (nM) Cd 15.0±0.98, Alaplı deresinde Cr 112±8.6, Filyos çayında Mn 715±8.3, Zonguldak plajlarında Cu 122±1.5, Ni 142±10.6, Pb 39±9.0 ve Zn 834±4.1 maksimum değerler olarak bulunmuştur. Dip çamurunda bulunan ortalama konsantrasyonlar ise (Lig/g) Cd=0.47±0.34, Cr=67.95±27,6, Cu=30.21±9.27, Mn=274.4±74.8, Ni=37.03±13.25, Pb=39.14±l 1.22, Zn=84.6±l8.5 şeklindedir. Kirlilik seviyeleri diğer US EPA limitleriyle ve diğer Karadeniz şehirleri ve devletlerine ait değerler ile karşılaştırılmış ve Zonguldak diğer Karadeniz devletleri kıyılarından daha kadar kirli bulunmuştur. Bu arada Rize ve Hopa kıyılarının benzer kirliliğe sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada deniz suyundaki öncelikli toksik metallerin (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb ve Zn) seviyeleri tavsiye edilen değerlerin üzerinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Sedimentteki metal seviyeleri ise diğer ülkelerin örnekleri kadar kirli bulunmuştur.Heavy metal levels were measured in seawater and sediment in Zonguldak which is on the Black sea shore of Turkey. The samples were collected near the industrial areas and city beaches. Maximum concentrations of metals dissolved in seawater were found (nM) Cd 15.0±0.98 around &Ccedil;atalağzı Power Station, Cr 112±8.6 in Alaplı Creek delta, Mn 715±8.3 in Filyos creek delta, Cu 122±1.5, Ni 142±10.6, Pb 39±9.0 and Zn 834±4.1in Zonguldak city beaches. Heavy metal levels in sediment were found as (&amp;#956;g/g) Cd 0.47±0.34, Cr 67.95±27.6, Cu 30.21±9.27, Mn 274.4±74.8, Ni 37.03±13.25, Pb 39.14±11.22, and Zn 84.6±18.5. Heavy metal concentrations were compared with the US EPA limitations and the other localities and seawater found to be highly polluted than the other Black Sea shores and similar to Rize and Hopa waters. According to recommendations of US EPA under the priority toxic pollutants list Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn levels are above the limits in Zonguldak seawater. Metal levels in sediment samples were found as polluted as the estuarine areas of other countries in the region

Synthesis of microbial elastomers based on soybean oil. Autoxidation kinetics, thermal and mechanical properties

Microbial bioelastomers prepared by the autoxidation of the unsaturated medium-long chain length copoly- 3-hydroxyalkanoate's (mlcl-PHAs) based on soybean oily acids (Sy) have been reported. Pseudomonas oleovorans were grown on a series of the mixture of octanoic acid (OA) and Sy with the weight ratio of 20:80, 28:72 and 50:50 in order to obtain unsaturated mlcl-copolyesters coded PHO-Sy-2080, PHO-Sy-2872, and PHO-Sy-5050, respectively. The microorganism was also grown on the mixture of Sy and 10-undecenoic acid (UA) with the weight ratio of 50:50 to obtain unsaturated copolyester coded PHU-Sy-5050. The PHAs obtained were characterized by 1H NMR and GC-MS techniques. Double bond contents of the unsaturated PHAs obtained were varying between 0.8 to 20 mol %. Autoxidation of the unsaturated copolyesters were carried out on exposure to air at room temperature in order to obtain new biomaterials whose mechanical strength was improved. Autoxidation kinetics, shelf life, mechanical and thermal properties of these biomaterials were evaluated.2008-70-01-01Acknowledgement This work financially supported by grants from Zonguldak Karaelmas University Scientific Research Projects Comission grant# 2008-70-01-01. We also thank Taner Erdogan for his technical assistance

CdO Filmlerinin Yapısal, Optiksel ve Elektriksel Özellikleri Üzerine Farklı Ga Katkılamasının Etkileri

CdO ve CdO:Ga filmleri ultrasonik sprey piroliz metodu kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Üretilen filmlerin yapısal, optiksel ve elektriksel özellikleri sırasıyla, x ışını kırınım deseni (XRD), UV-VIS spektrofotometresi ve elektriksel ölçümleri ile tanımlanmıştır. XRD desenleri 275 ± 5 °C sıcaklığında biriktirilen bütün filmlerin yüzey merkezli kübik polikristal yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ga katkılı filmlerin optik band aralıkları optik metod ile elde edildi ve Ga katkısının artması ile 2.50 eV’den 2.66 eV’a değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, örneklerin özdirençleri, iletkenlikleri ve I – V karakteristikleri dört nokta prob ve iki nokta prob metodları ile incelendi. Ga’un uygun katkısı ile CdO’nun elektriksel özelliklerini geliştirdiği açıkça görülmüştür. En iyi iletkenliğin CdO filmlerinin %4 ve %8 Ga katkısıyla elde edildi

Structural studies of complex compounds of 6,6' -diacetyl-2,2' -bipyridine dioxime with copper(I/II), platinum(II), and palladium(II) metal ions

The tetradentate ligand 6,6' -diacetyl-2,2' -bipyridine dioxime (L) was obtained in high yield by the condensation reaction of 6,6' -diacetyl-2,2'-bipyridine with hydroxyl amine in alkaline solution. Density functional calculations and 3D modeling of the structure at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory for L revealed that the energy difference between the global trans conformer (trans-L), which possesses the C2h point group, and the distorted cis conformer (cis-L) was 5.214 kcal/mol. Synthesis and characterization of the metal complexes with Cu(I), Cu(II), Pt(II), and Pd(II) metal ions were reported. L acted as a N4 - donor ligand to coordinate to the metal centers via N atoms of the 2,2? -bipyridine and the imine moieties to afford tetrahedral complex [CuI L]PF6 (1), distorted octahedral complex [CuII L(OH2)2 ](NO3)2 (2), and square-planar complexes [Pt II L]Cl 2 (3) and [PdII L]Cl (4), respectively. The CHN analysis for 1 implies that L coordinated to 2 copper(I) ions as a bridging ligand to form a dinuclear metal complex, [Cu2L2 ]2+ , due to the twisting of the coordinated bonds exposed by the tetrahedral geometry preference for the metal ion. The ligand formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxime groups in 4, as revealed by the spectroscopic studies. The most stable conformations of the compounds were obtained by using the molecular mechanics optimization feature in CAChe software with an augmented MM2 force field. 1The tetradentate ligand 6,6' -diacetyl-2,2' -bipyridine dioxime (L) was obtained in high yield by the condensation reaction of 6,6' -diacetyl-2,2'-bipyridine with hydroxyl amine in alkaline solution. Density functional calculations and 3D modeling of the structure at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory for L revealed that the energy difference between the global trans conformer (trans-L), which possesses the C2h point group, and the distorted cis conformer (cis-L) was 5.214 kcal/mol. Synthesis and characterization of the metal complexes with Cu(I), Cu(II), Pt(II), and Pd(II) metal ions were reported. L acted as a N4 - donor ligand to coordinate to the metal centers via N atoms of the 2,2? -bipyridine and the imine moieties to afford tetrahedral complex [CuI L]PF6 (1), distorted octahedral complex [CuII L(OH2)2 ](NO3)2 (2), and square-planar complexes [Pt II L]Cl 2 (3) and [PdII L]Cl (4), respectively. The CHN analysis for 1 implies that L coordinated to 2 copper(I) ions as a bridging ligand to form a dinuclear metal complex, [Cu2L2 ]2+ , due to the twisting of the coordinated bonds exposed by the tetrahedral geometry preference for the metal ion. The ligand formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxime groups in 4, as revealed by the spectroscopic studies. The most stable conformations of the compounds were obtained by using the molecular mechanics optimization feature in CAChe software with an augmented MM2 force field.