Ultrasonography of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Healthy Volunteers

Foundation: ultrasonography of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath has been used as a non-invasive measure of intracranial pressure. One of the deficiencies stated is the non-existence of a standard value that suggests the limit between normality and intracranial hypertension. Objective: determine the diameter of the optic nerve sheath using ultrasound in healthy volunteers. Methods: a multi-population ecological study was conducted on 160 healthy volunteers who met the inclusion criteria. Three ultrasonographic measurements were performed in B mode in each eye, the average was taken as the final value. The variables studied were: age, sex, skin color and diameter of the optic nerve sheath. The percentage, mean, median, limit and standard were calculated. With a reference value at the 95 % confidence interval. The relationship between the variables was determined by simple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS 22.0 statistical package. Results: that diameter of the optic nerve sheath, in the subjects, was quantified between 4.62-4.80 mm and 4.66-4.83 mm for the right and left eyes respectively. In the simple linear regression analysis, only sex was associated with the value of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath (p= 0.000). Conclusions: in a population of healthy volunteers, the value of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath was similar to other descriptions, with differences between sex, which suggests taking this variable into consideration when making the measurement

Thermal, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a type of red clay at the colombian andean region, used for the production of bricks for construction

RESUMEN: Se estudió una muestra de arcilla roja del sector de Supía (Caldas, Colombia); se halló su composición química y las fases cristalinas; además de la distribución granulométrica y análisis térmicos también se determinó, la densidad y los límites de Atterberg; finalmente se evaluaron en probetas tratadas térmicamente a 1050° C y las propiedades físicas de las muestras como el color, porosidad aparente y densidad específica. El análisis de difracción de rayos X permitió identificar las fases cristalinas asociadas a la muestra de arcilla, encontrando fases minerales características de este tipo de materiales. El análisis de fluorescencia de rayos X presentó porcentajes químicos elementales coherentes con el análisis de difracción de rayos X. Por otro lado, las coordenadas del color presentan valores adecuados para la aplicación deseada. Los resultados encontrados permiten concluir que se trata de una arcilla inorgánica de mediana plasticidad, que es posible la aplicación de este tipo de arcilla roja como materia prima para la fabricación de ladrillos comerciales.ABSTRACT: A sample of red clay from the Supía area was studied (Caldas, Colombia). Its chemical composition and crystalline phases were found. In addition to the particle size distribution and thermal analysis, it was also determined the density and Atterberg's limits. Finally, there were evaluated by a thermal treated samples at 1050 ° C and the physical properties of the samples such as the color, the apparent porosity and the specific density. The analysis of X-ray diffraction allowed to identify the crystalline phases associated to the clay sample, finding the mineral phases characteristic of this type of materials. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed elemental chemical percentages that are consistent with X-ray diffraction. On the other hand, color coordinates have adequate values for the desired use. The results show that it is an inorganic clay of medium plasticity, that it is possible to apply this type of red clay, as the raw material for the manufacture of commercial bricks

Mejora de la orientación profesional desde el proyecto profesional: vinculación del Grado de Pedagogía y el Máster de Profesorado mediante recursos b-learning

Memoria ID-062. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Implantación de un sistema integral de gestión del conocimiento para los procesos de innovación docente de la Universidad de Salamanca

Memoria ID-0312. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Implantación de un sistema integral de gestión del conocimiento para los procesos de innovación docente de la Universidad de Salamanca

Memoria ID-0312. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Hacia la innovación en la gestión y docencia en las asignaturas del practicum del MUPES (Máster Universitario en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas)

Memoria ID-0129. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Aproximación multidisciplinar a la supervisión del practicum en las carreras de educación, medicina, odontología, informática, comunicación y documentación

Memoria ID-035. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2013-2014

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project):A clinical trial by clusters

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS Grant Number PI11/0477 ISCIII.-REDISSEC Proyecto RD12/0001/0012 AND FEDER Funding.Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a teaching strategy for the implementation of CPGs using educational games (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) to improve knowledge and skills related to clinical decision-making by residents in family medicine. The primary objective will be evaluated at 1 and 6months after the intervention. The secondary objectives are to identify barriers and facilitators for the use of guidelines by residents of family medicine and to describe the educational strategies used by Spanish teaching units of family and community medicine to encourage implementation of CPGs. Methods/design: We propose a multicenter clinical trial with randomized allocation by clusters of family and community medicine teaching units in Spain. The sample size will be 394 residents (197 in each group), with the teaching units as the randomization unit and the residents comprising the analysis unit. For the intervention, both groups will receive an initial 1-h session on clinical practice guideline use and the usual dissemination strategy by e-mail. The intervention group (e-learning EDUCAGUIA) strategy will consist of educational games with hypothetical clinical scenarios in a virtual environment. The primary outcome will be the score obtained by the residents on evaluation questionnaires for each clinical practice guideline. Other included variables will be the sociodemographic and training variables of the residents and the teaching unit characteristics. The statistical analysis will consist of a descriptive analysis of variables and a baseline comparison of both groups. For the primary outcome analysis, an average score comparison of hypothetical scenario questionnaires between the EDUCAGUIA intervention group and the control group will be performed at 1 and 6months post-intervention, using 95% confidence intervals. A linear multilevel regression will be used to adjust the model. Discussion: The identification of effective teaching strategies will facilitate the incorporation of available knowledge into clinical practice that could eventually improve patient outcomes. The inclusion of information technologies as teaching tools permits greater learning autonomy and allows deeper instructor participation in the monitoring and supervision of residents. The long-term impact of this strategy is unknown; however, because it is aimed at professionals undergoing training and it addresses prevalent health problems, a small effect can be of great relevance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02210442.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe