사용자 상황인지 딥러닝을 사용한 GPS 반송파 / 관성 센서 결합 스마트폰 보행자 항법

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 기계항공공학부, 2019. 2. 여재익.본 논문에서는 스마트폰 Galaxy S8 환경에서 GPS / INS 결합 보행자 항법을 수행하였으며, 스마트폰 센서의 특성을 자세히 분석하였다. 이에 최근 공개된 Android GNSS API 를 사용하여 GPS 원시데이터를 항법에 이용하면서, Cycle slip 을 보정한 Carrier phase 를 이용한 속도 결정법을 사용하였다. 이로 인해 기존의 NMEA GPS 를 사용한 방식의 스마트폰 보행자 항법보다 정밀한 위치, 속도 항법이 가능하였고, 성능을 향상 시켰다. 또한 사용자 상황 분석이 가능한 분류 딥러닝 기법을 사용하여 각 보행 상황에 따른 분류감지가 가능하였음 보였으며, LSTM 의 입력부분을 변화한 몇가지 딥러닝 모델의 성능을 비교하였다. 이를 통해서 사용자의 보행 상황에 따른 적응적 보행자 항법 파라메터 결정이 가능함의 가능성을 보였다.In this research, the overall construction of the smartphone GPS / INS pedestrian dead reckoning system is detaily described with considering the smartphone sensor measurement properties. Also, the recent android GNSS API which can provide the raw GPS measurement is used. With carrier phase, the cycleslip compensated velocity determination is considered. As a result, the carrier phase /INS integrated pedestrian dead reckoning shows the more precise navigation accuracy than NMEA. Moreover, The deep learning approach is applied in the user context classification to change the parameters in the pedestrian dead reckoning system. The author compares the effect of several transformed inputs for the LSTM model and validate each classification performances.Abstract i Contents ii List of Figures iv List of Tables vii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation and Backgrounds 1 1.2 Research Purpose and Contribution 3 1.3 Contents and Methods of Research 3 Chapter 2. Smartphone GPS / INS measurements analysis 4 2.1 Smartphone GNSS measurements 4 2.1.1 Android Raw GNSS Measurements API 4 2.1.2 Raw GPS Measurements Properties 7 2.1.3 Smartphone NMEA Location Provider 8 2.1.4 Pseudorange Based Position Estimation 10 2.1.5 Position Determination Experiment 11 2.2 Smartphone INS Measurements 12 2.2.1 Android Sensor Manager API 12 2.2.2 INS Measurements Properties 13 2.2.3 Noise level, Constant bias, Scale factor, Calibration 14 2.2.4. Accelerometer, Gyroscope Calibration Experiment 17 2.2.5 Magnetometer Ellipse Fitting Calibration 22 2.2.6 Random Bias, Allan Variance Exiperiment 25 2.3 Developed Android Smartphone App 30 Chapter 3. Pedestrian Dead Reckoning 31 3.1 Pedestrian Dead-Reckoning System 31 3.1.1 Attitude Determination Quaternion Kalman Filter 32 3.1.2 Attitude Determination Simulation , Experiment 35 3.1.3 Walking Detection 39 3.1.4 Step Counting, Stride Length 41 3.1.5 Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Experiment 45 Chapter 4. Carrier phase / INS integrated Pedestrian Dead Reckoning 50 4.1 Carrier phase Cycleslip Compensation & Velocity Determination 50 4.1.1 Carrier phase Cycleslip Compensation 50 4.1.2 Android Environment Cycle slip Detection 51 4.1.3 False Alarm & Miss Detection Analysis 55 4.1.4 Doppler, Carrier Based Velocity Estimation 56 4.1.5 Cycle slip Compensation & Velocity Determination Experiment 58 4.2 Raw GPS / INS Integrated Pedestrian Dead Reckoning 63 4.2.1 GPS / INS Integration 63 4.2.2 Position Determination Extended Kalman Filter 65 4.2.3 Raw GPS / INS Integrated Pedestrian Dead Reckoning Experiment 66 Chapter 5. User Context Classification Deep learning for Adaptive PDR 69 5.1 Smartphone Location / Walking Context Classification 69 5.1.1 Smartphone Location / Walking Context Dataset 69 5.1.2 Deep Learning Models 71 5.1.3 Comparison of Input Transformations 72 Chapter 6. Conclusion & Future work 76 Chapter 7. Bibliography 77Maste

Repeated Measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Is Not Essential for Asthma Screening

BACKGROUND AND OBJETIVE: Older guidelines recommend that fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) should be checked more than twice during the same session to confirm an asthma diagnosis. Recent studies show the excellent reproducibility of FeNO measurements. Objetive: We aimed to determine whether repeated FeNO measurements during the same session are necessary for asthma screening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of adult outpatients who visited the respiratory medicine department for diagnosis of asthma and assessed FeNO measurements obtained from June 2016 to July 2017. RESULTS: Of the 132 patients enrolled, 79 (59.8%) were diagnosed with asthma. Repeated FeNO measurements taken during the same session showed high reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.9; P0.9; P<.001), although reproducibility and correlation were slightly weaker in patients with low FeNO values. The value of repeated measurement was not significant; however, the second FeNO measurement was significantly higher than the first measurement in patients with the worst and best lung function. The predictive power of the first measurement of FeNO (sensitivity, 80.5%; specificity, 85.1%) was not inferior to the second (sensitivity, 76.6%; specificity 85.1%). The same was true of the geometric mean of the two. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated FeNO measurement during the same session is not essential for asthma screening in cases where the first acceptable FeNO measurement is performed using the proper method.ope

Association of Specific Immunoglobulin E to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin with Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma Patients

Background : Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) has been recently considered to be related to allergic disease, including asthma. Despite studies on specific IgE (sIgE) to SE and its relationship to asthma diagnosis and severity, the association of sIgE to SE with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) remains unclear. Methods : We enrolled 81 asthma patients admitted to the Severance Hospital in Korea from March 1, 2013, to February 28, 2015 and retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of the enrolled subjects. The serum levels of sIgE to SE (A/B) of all subjects was measured using the ImmunoCAP 250 (Phadia) system with SE-sIgE positive defined as >0.10 kU/mL. Results : The SE-sIgE level was not significantly correlated with asthma severity (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], FEV1/forced vital capacity, sputum eosinophils, and serum eosinophils), whereas the SE-sIgE level in patients with positive AHR (mean±standard error of the mean, 0.606±0.273 kU/mL) was significantly higher than that in patients with negative AHR (0.062±0.015 kU/mL, p=0.034). In regression analysis, SE sensitization (sIgE to SE ≥0.010 kU/mL) was a significant risk factor for AHR, after adjustment for age, sex, FEV1, and sputum eosinophils (odds ratio, 7.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.180?42.600; p=0.032). Prevalence of SE sensitization was higher in patients with allergic rhinitis and non-atopic asthma patients, as compared to patients without allergic rhinitis and atopic asthma patients, respectively, but without statistical significance. Conclusion : SE sensitization is significantly associated with AHR.ope

Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome prospectively detected by review of chest computed tomography scans

PURPOSE: Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHD) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes folliculin (FLCN) and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. BHD is commonly accompanied by fibrofolliculomas, renal tumors, multiple pulmonary cysts, and spontaneous pneumothorax. The aim of this study was to detect BHD prospectively in patients undergoing chest computed tomography (CT) scans and to evaluate further the characteristics of BHD in Korea. METHODS: We prospectively checked and reviewed the chest CT scans obtained for 10,883 patients at Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016. Seventeen patients met the study inclusion criteria and underwent screening for FLCN mutation to confirm BHD. We analyzed the characteristics of the patients confirmed to have BHD and those for a further 6 patients who had previously been described in Korea. RESULTS: Six (0.06%) of the 10,883 patients reviewed were diagnosed with BHD. There was no difference in demographic or clinical features between the patients with BHD (n = 6) and those without BHD (n = 11). Pneumothorax was present in 50% of the patients with BHD but typical skin and renal lesions were absent. The maximum size of the cysts in the BHD group (median 39.4 mm; interquartile range [IQR] 11.4 mm) was significantly larger than that in the non-BHD group (median 15.8 mm; IQR 7.8 mm; P = 0.001). Variable morphology was seen in 100.0% of the cysts in the BHD group but in only 18.2% of the cysts in the non-BHD group (P = 0.002). Nine (95%) of the total of 12 Korean patients with BHD had experienced pneumothorax. Typical skin and renal lesions were present in 20.0% of patients with BHD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that BHD can be detected if chest CT scans are read in detail.ope

타목시펜 저항성이 있는 유방암 세포에서의 혹스 유전자의 역할

Dept. of Medical Science/석사Endocrine therapy, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, has been used to treat both early and advanced estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancer. Despite improvements in treatment, resistance to the current therapeutics can occur in up to one quarter of all cases and thus presents a serious therapeutic challenge. Multiple mechanisms responsible for endocrine resistance have been proposed, however, the molecular events underlying resistance to therapeutic agents are not clearly understood. Therefore, a better understanding of gene expression alterations associated with the resistance would suggest alternative regimens that overcome endocrine resistance. HOX transcription factors have recently been implicated as strong candidates to control cancer progression and metastasis. Previously, a number of strong pieces of evidence suggest that HOX　genes, such as HOXB7 and HOXB13, play a critical role in the development of resistance against endocrine therapy in breast cancer. To identify other HOX genes involved in tamoxifen resistance, here we have generated in vitro model of acquired tamoxifen resistance using MCF breast cancer cells (MCF7-TamR) and analyzed expression pattern of HOX genes. MCF7-TamR cells were more resistant to tamoxifen than MCF7 cells and exhibited up-regulation of HOXB　genes. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier analysis of the distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) for ERα-positive patients with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy showed the correlation of high HOXB expression with a poor response to tamoxifen therapy. In this report, we provide evidence that multi HOXB genes overexpression renders MCF7 cells resistant to tamoxifen. In contrast, midcluster HOXB genes knockdown in MCF7-TamR cell confer TAM sensitivity. In MCF7-TamR cells, the activation of HOXB genes was associated with histone modification with the gain of H3K9ac and loss of H3K27me3, compared to MCF7 cell. These results suggest a functional role of epigenetically regulated HOXB in the development of acquired tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.ope