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    ์„ธ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    Recently, the emergency disaster subsidy paid due to Corona19 has been controversial, and there have been constant debates on universal and selective welfare preciously including Seoul cityโ€™s free school meal debate in 2010 and youth allowance debate in 2015. Korea is moving toward a universal welfare state, but tax increase is a topic that cannot be ignored from the universal welfare state debate because the range of welfare policies cannot be expanded recklessly within limited resources. Koreaโ€™s social welfare spending is steadily rising every year, and it has the highest annual average growth rate compared to other sectors. On the other hand, Koreaโ€™s tax burden rate recorded 20 percent, lower than the OECD average, and several prior studies pointed out the need to improve the tax burden rate for universal welfare state. However, many prior studies have shown Koreansโ€™ duplicity in favor of expanding welfare policy but avoiding tax burdens. Nevertheless, existing studies on welfare attitude determinants often did not consider tax awareness. In response, the study set โ€œDoes tax awareness affect the determination of welfare attitude in favor of universalism or selectivism?โ€ as a research question. The tax awareness was largely divided into tax unfairness awareness and tax increase acceptance, and tax unfairness awareness was again divided into horizontal equity awareness and exchange equity awareness. To this end, the four-year raw data of the financial panel survey conducted by Korea Institute of Public Finance were analyzed through multinomial logistic regression mode. According to the analysis, individuals with low horizontal equity awareness(high tax unfairness awareness) who thought they were paying a lot of taxes compared to taxpayers a a similar economic level were more likely to prefer universalism than selectivism and selective universalism than selectivism. In addition, individuals with low awareness of exchange equity(high tax unfairness awareness), who thought they received lower level of benefits from government compared to taxes paid, were more likely to prefer selectivism than universalism. Finally, individuals who are willingly to pay more taxes to expand welfare were more likely to prefer selective universalism than those who are not. This study revealed that both horizontal equity awareness and exchange equity awareness of the Korean tax system are low, and confirmed that tax unfairness awareness is very high. Governmental efforts should be made to improve tax unfairness awareness before tax avoidance increases. This study also suggested that when the government moves toward a universal welfare state, it should phase out welfare policies in the form of selective universalism before universalism. Welfare policies are difficult to satisfy both sides, as there are many cases in which people who pay the cost and those who receive the benefits do no match. However, since it is very important to secure stable welfare costs to continuous implementation of welfare policies, the preference of those who are willingly to pay additional taxes to expand welfare should be considered first. Therefore, it is advantageous to secure welfare costs by implementing welfare policies in the form of selective universalism first. keywords : welfare attitude, recognition of tax unfairness, universalism, selectivism, tax increase Student Number : 2019-22021์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๊ธ‰๋œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰์žฌ๋‚œ์ง€์›๊ธˆ์€ 1์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์—…์ข… ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ์ด์ „์—๋„ 2010๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒ๊ธ‰์‹ ๋…ผ์Ÿ, 2015๋…„ ์ฒญ๋…„์ˆ˜๋‹น ๋…ผ๋ž€ ๋“ฑ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€์™€ ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ƒ๊ธ‰์‹์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๋ฌด์ƒ๊ต๋ณต๊ณผ ๋ฌด์ƒ๊ต์œก๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ž‘์ • ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฆ์„ธ๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์•ก์€ ๋งค๋…„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์กฐ์„ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ ์€ OECD ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ 20%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์„ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๋ฅ  ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ง€๋น„์šฉ์ธ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” โ€˜๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์„ธ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ฆ์„ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์กฐ์„ธ์žฌ์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ •ํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2019๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 4๊ฐœ๋…„๋„ ์›์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์€(์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์€) ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ˜œํƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์€(์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์€) ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ณ„ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก(์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก) ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก(์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก) ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฆ์„ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ > ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹ > ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ์กฐ์„ธ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ๊ณตํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ  ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์€ ๋‚ฉ์„ธ ํƒœ๋„์—๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์„œ ๋ณต์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ 60% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์กฐ์„ธ ํšŒํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์„ธ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ, ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜์— ์•ž์„œ ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์–‘์ธก์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€๋น„์šฉ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์„  ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ , ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ํƒ์  ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณต์ง€์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณต์ง€๋น„์šฉ ํ™•๋ณด์— ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„, ์กฐ์„ธ ๋ถˆ๊ณต์ • ์ธ์‹, ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜, ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜, ์ฆ์„ธ ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2019-22021์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 2 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 7 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ณดํŽธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜ 7 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„ 9 1. ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„์˜ ์ •์˜ 9 2. ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 12 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ 18 1. ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ 18 2. ์กฐ์„ธ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋ณต์ง€ํƒœ๋„ 21 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 24 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 24 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 28 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 29 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ 29 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜์™€ ์ธก์ • 32 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 32 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 33 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 34 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 37 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 37 1. ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 37 2. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 48 3. ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 40 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ 43 1. ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ 43 2. ๋ชจํ˜• ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ 43 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 44 1. ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง“ ๋ชจํ˜• 44 2. ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง“ ๋ชจํ˜• 52 3. ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ ๋‹คํ•ญ ๋กœ์ง“ ๋ชจํ˜• 55 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  61 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 61 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 63 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 64 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 67 Abstract 71์„

    ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ทจ์—… ์œ ๋ง์ง์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ธฐํšยท๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ง์—…์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ง ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง์ง์ข…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœยท์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.This research is conducted as the basic study for the development of the vocational training program in "The House for Working Women". The primary goal of this research is an attempt to suggest the current status of the vocational training programs in "The House for Working Women" and develop the prospective occupations in employment for women. "The House for Working Women" has been being established since 1993, sponsored by the Korean Ministry of Labour. "The House for Working Women" is designed to suggest vocational training programs for married women who want to return to the workforce. The number of branches was 24 as of October, 1998. "The House for Working Women" is managed by various private organizations for women such as YWCA. To accomplish these research objectives, this research resorted to utilizing and employing primary and secondary research methods. First, this research reviewed various related literatures on the subject matter to gather information. Second, trainees, officials or personnel in charge of "The House for Working Women" were extensively interviewed in an attempt to grasp the needs in their own aspects by regional groups. Third, through the interviews above we have devised two main questionnaires. These two questionnaire formats were administered to "The House for Working Women". One questionnaire was administered to personnel in charge of the vocational training program and the other was conducted on trainees. Fourth, the advisory committee was organized with experts and managers in "The House for Working Women" to suggest and discuss the process of results. The major contents of this research are as follows: First, the trainees in "The House for Working Women" mostly expressed their satisfaction with the program. However, their expectation degree for employment is very low. Actually, the percentages of employment of "The House for Working Woman" for the first quarter of 1998 was 23% influenced by the recent economic crisis. Second, this research extracted 41 procespective occupations in employment for women. These occupations are divided into 7 sectors e.g. clerical work, counseling, information and computer, ecology, tour and leisure, preservation of health, agent service and small businesses. Lastly, in order to develop a better vocational training program, this research suggested policy implications for "The House for Working Women. Details are as follows: the number of "The House for Working Women" need to be increased throughout the country. At the same time, an "Association of the House for Working Women" needs to be established in order to exchange information of vocational training. Further, the vocational training program for the highly educated woman and support from the government needs to be increased.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์š”์•ฝ โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 2 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ 5 โ…ก. ใ€Œ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง‘ใ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 7 1. ์šด์˜์ฃผ์ฒด ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ •ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 7 2. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… ๊ฐœ์„คํ˜„ํ™ฉ 10 3. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์ƒ์˜ ์ทจ์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 12 โ…ข. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 17 1. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 17 2. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ 21 3. ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 24 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จํ™˜๊ฒฝ 25 ๋‚˜. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 26 ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹ค๊ธฐ๋‚ด์šฉ 27 ๋ผ. ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ ์ทจ๋“ ๋„์›€ ์ •๋„ 28 ๋งˆ. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์„คํฌ๋ง ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • 29 4. ์ „์ง๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—…๊ณ„ํš 30 ๊ฐ€. ์ „์ง๊ฒฝํ—˜ 30 ๋‚˜. ์ทจ์—…๊ณ„ํš 31 ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ง๊ทผ๋กœํ˜•ํƒœ 34 โ…ฃ. ํ›ˆ๋ จํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์šด์˜ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 37 1. ์ตœ๊ทผ 6๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์„ค๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ 37 2. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข…๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„ 38 3. ใ€Œ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง‘ใ€์˜ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… 42 ๊ฐ€. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ทจ์—…์ด ์œ ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง„๋‹จ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐœ์„ค๋œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… 42 ๋‚˜. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ค๋  ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… 43 4. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ 44 ๊ฐ€. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 44 ๋‚˜. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋‚œ์ (้›ฃ้ปž) 46 5. ใ€Œ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง‘ใ€์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 47 ๊ฐ€. ์ธ์ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 47 ๋‚˜. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 50 ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์ƒ๋‹ด๊ณผ ์ทจ์—…์•Œ์„ ์ƒ๋‹ด 50 ๋ผ. ์šด์˜๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์›์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญใ€Œ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง‘ใ€์กฐ์ง์šด์˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ 52 โ…ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง์ง์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 55 1. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง์ง์ข… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ ˆ์ฐจ 55 ๊ฐ€. ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค 55 ๋‚˜. ์ง์—…์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ • ํƒ์ƒ‰ 56 ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ 64 ๋ผ. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ถ”์ถœ 71 ๋งˆ. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง์ง์ข…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 72 2. ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ง์ง์ข… 74 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด 74 ๋‚˜. ์ƒ๋‹ด 85 ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ 91 ๋ผ. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 106 ๋งˆ. ๊ด€๊ด‘ยท๋ ˆ์ € 112 ๋ฐ”. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ยท๋ณด๊ฑด์„œ๋น„์Šค 118 ์‚ฌ. ๋Œ€ํ–‰์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ฐฝ์—… 128 3. ใ€Œ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง‘ใ€ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ง์ข… ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 137 โ…ฅ. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 143 1. ์š”์•ฝ 143 2. ์ œ์–ธ 146 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 147 ABSTRACT 150 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 15

    National Human Resources Development to Build a Knowledge-based Society (โ…ก): Measures to Help Disadvantaged Groups

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์‹, ์ •๋ณดํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์†Œ์™ธ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณตํ†ต์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ(sustainable) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.This research strived to suggest measures to help facilitate the development of disadvantaged groups who run a high risk of being excluded from educational training and employment programs. As a result, this paper suggested the following measures, based on the concept of social integration, to facilitate the development of the disadvantaged: First, the human resources of the disadvantaged should be developed from a welfare policy standpoint in order to provide them with opportunities to engage in independent economic activities. Second, the human resources of the disadvantaged should be developed based on a long-term approach to labor market policy. Third, principles for the development of the human resources of the disadvantaged need to be established, with the main features clearly spelled out during the policy-making process. The following is a summary of the policy measures introduced in this paper: First, with regards to the human resource development measures designed to promote reemployment among the long-term unemployed, there is a need to create training programs that are capable of meeting the demands of regional communities. Moreover, programs that integrate both the employment and training facets should be developed. In addition, other measures were also suggested, such as those designed to improve this groups capability to acquire the information needed to secure employment; those dealing with the provision of social and psychological education programs designed to strengthen this groups confidence in their ability to secure employment; those concerned with the extension of paid educational leave for this group, as well as with the use of alternative human resources. Second, with regards to the human resource development measures to improve the quality of life of the lower-income classes, general agreement was reached on the need to establish related laws to improve the workfare programs, on the need to link these laws to the welfare system, and on the desirability of pilot projects. Moreover, by promoting this groups participation in workfare programs, agreement on the proper number of participants in such programs should be reached. In addition, welfare related services, such as daycare centers and health care, should also be established along with the related support system. Third, on the issue of human resource development measures designed to improve the quality of life of young school dropouts, there was a genuine feeling that the current policy of institutional discrimination should be removed by distributing ID cards to the youth. Moreover, in order to improve the current poor employment ratio among young dropouts, the general perception of students part-time employment should be changed. Furthermore, these youngsters should be provided with information about the jobs that are available to them, and the working conditions under which this group toils should be improved. Finally, vocational training programs and employment support services should be made available to this group. Fourth, with regards to human resource development for the disabled, the overall consensus was that this group should be provided with more opportunities to receive vocational training for IT related industries. Moreover, a network system through which training organizations and the service provision system can be connected to employment should be established. Additionally, an infrastructure for the vocational training programs, through which research on the situation of the disabled can be conducted and the education of specialists carried out, should be prepared. Finally, basic welfare and income measures for the disabled should also be reinforced. Fifth, on the issue of increasing the vocational education opportunities for disabled students, there was general agreement that the vocational education and training system for the disabled students should be improved and that the support for the vocational education process of disabled students should be strengthened. Finally, the educators who teach disabled students should become more specialized. Sixth, with regards to human resource development measures to support prisoners reintegration into society, there was an overall consensus that vocational training programs which took into consideration the skills and the employability of individual prisoners should be reorganized. Moreover, by strengthening the management of prisoners status following their release from prison, their employment status should be steadied. Seventh, on the issue of human resource development measures to improve the quality of life of North Korean defectors, agreement was reached that the vocational capability development programs provided by the government should be strengthened during their adjustment period. Moreover, there is also a need to consider the possibility of implementing an incentive system that would go into effect when defectors obtain a certain level of competence. The participation of North Korean defectors who have been unemployed for a long period of time in government sponsored training programs should be encouraged. Other measures, such as the introduction of an educational training record system, and the imposition of limitations on any person who has quit training programs in the past from participating in any further training programs, were also considered. To establish the above-mentioned detailed measures and make them effective, a few basic principles should be considered: First, to coordinate the human resource development and the actual employment needs of the disadvantaged, related employment programs should be made more substantial. In addition, vocational education programs that take into consideration these various groups desired income levels should be expanded. Furthermore, third sector direct employment projects (social employment) should be carried out in conjunction with education and training programs. Moreover, demander-oriented vocational capability development programs geared towards youth and the long-term unemployed should be established. Second, regional learning centers should be established to support lifelong learning programs for the disadvantaged, with a social learning safety net built. Third, to promote regional community oriented human resource development policies for the disadvantaged, participation in small-sized projects at the regional community level should be promoted, wider use of the regional social network system should be brought about, and the sense of social exclusion felt by the disadvantaged should be overcome. Finally, the customized training programs demanded by regional labor markets should also be established.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 7 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 9 โ…ก. ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 11 1. ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์˜ 11 2. ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐฐ์ œ์™€ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์—ญํ•  13 3. ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ 15 โ…ข. ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 19 1. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ์žฌ์ทจ์—…์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 19 2. ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์žํ™œ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จยท์ทจ์—…ยท๋ณต์ง€์„œ๋น„์Šค ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 38 3. ํ•™์—…์ค‘๋‹จ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ค€๋น„ ์‹คํƒœ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ทจ์—…์ง€์›๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 56 4. ํ•™๋ น๊ธฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ง์—…์ ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐํšŒ ํ™•์ถฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 79 5. ์„ฑ์ธ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 96 6. ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต๊ท€์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 116 7. ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ทจ์—…์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 135 โ…ฃ. ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 155 1. ๊ฐœ์š” 155 2. ์„ธ๋ถ€์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„ 157 ABSTRACT 17

    ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ธ์žฌ ์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต

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    ์ƒˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด โ€˜์†Œ๋“์ฃผ๋„์„ฑ์žฅโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ์ค‘์‹ฌโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์€ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์€ํ‡ด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์• ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต, ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์„œ โ€˜๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ธ์žฌ ์œก์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žตโ€™์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ. ์ƒ์• ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต, ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”, ํฌ์šฉ์  ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ์ „ํ™˜, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ํ˜์‹  ๋“ฑ 5๋Œ€ ์ „๋žต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 20๋Œ€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•จ.โ… . ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2 โ…ก. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 3 โ…ข. ์ƒˆ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ธ์ ์ž์›๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ 5 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 3

    [์‹œ๋ก ] ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ˜์‹ ์  ํฌ์šฉ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์ฑ… ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์ทจ์—…ยทํ›„ํ•™์Šต ์ง๋ฌดํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ ์ง€์› ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ

    Improving the linkage between Education & Training and labor market

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•(institutional approach)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ดํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ง„์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜์˜, ์—ฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐ๊ธ‰ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ•™์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌยท๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์—… ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ๊ธ‰ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋œ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ™๋ จ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.โ… . Study Overview As we enter the knowledge-based society of the 21st century, the issue of "how to improve economic performance through education and training" is emerging as the key initiative for the development of human resources for the nation. In the labor market, however, unemployment is rising among the youth and the unbalance in the demand and supply of required skills is intensifying, failing to improve insufficient linkage between the labor market and the human resources development both quantitatively and qualitatively. Viewing these conditions as an issue, this study intends to provide policy plans to strengthen the alignment between the education and training and the labor market. The study has surveyed previous studies made in the European countries on how to integrate education and training with the labor market, and OECD research data to inspect and analyze patterns of linkage adopted by the advanced countries to align education and training with the labor market. To learn the business alignment conditions between the industry and the academy, about 20 of education and training institutions as well as their aligned industries have been visited for a research. Also, interviews are made with 461 businesses that have recently recruited graduates of diverse education and training institutions as their new employees, to find out how they are satisfied with the education and training and what their manpower demand is. โ…ก. Key Findings First, the linkage of education and training with the labor market is not something to be adjusted just one time based on business conditions or the function of the labor market. Rather, institutional aspects such as the education and training system, the practice of employment custom, and the network between the schools and the corporations play an important role. Specifically, five systemic elements that are related to the linkage: the labor market conditions; open career programs toward education and vocation; practicality of the education and training; credibility of vocational information; and the safety net for the vulnerable youth. Second, based on the degree of differentiation and standardization in the education and training system, and the degree of specialization and stratification of jobs in the labor market, the linkage can be characterized into several types: 'loose linkage and general educational pathways' of the U.S.; 'mid-level linkage and vocational school-oriented pathways' of Britain; and 'strong linkage and apprenticeship system pathways' of Germany. Korea shows high differentiation superficially but low specificity in terms of vocation, indicating weak linkage of education and training with the labor market. Third, the following characteristics have been found in the business alignment between the education and training institutions and the industries: Education and training institutions tend to participate in the business alignment to obtain sites for field training, while industries want the alignment to obtain sufficient manpower and for PR purposes.; Such active approach of education and training institutions but inactive response of industries are believed to be yet building a basis for an activate industry-academy cooperation. Fourth, industries' satisfaction on the graduates of various education and training institutions, as well as their participation in linkage programs are surveyed and analyzed to develop implications. Overall, regarding new employee recruitment strategy, all education and training institutions are found to value employee's major subject, personality, work experience, and possession of a license. Regardless of the types of education and training institutions and the industries, the human resources required by the industries are found to be mechanical and engineering resources. More than half of the industries that hire the graduates reply that the new recruits are deployed in job positions that match with their majored areas. Especially, the job-matching rate is high in large corporations as they have diverse range and scope of jobs. Asked about the core qualifications the graduates must have, all education and training institutions reply cooperation competency (teamwork) and work experience in one's majored area as the number one answer. Especially, the gap between the level of importance and satisfaction is very high regarding the cooperation competency (teamwork), indicating that the job structure in industries is rapidly shifting to team-oriented work. The more educational background a graduate has, the wider scope of key competences an industry tends to expect, including communications, creativity, and problem-solving. Also, the higher a graduate's educational background, the higher an industry's satisfaction, indicating that industries' demand for people with high education is increasing. โ…ข. Policy Plans (1) How to strengthen qualitative linkage to address unbalance in skill supply and improve industries' satisfaction First, strengthen the alignment of education and training curriculum with industries's needs. Specifically, make speedy and continuous effort to revise and maintain most up-to-date educational curriculum, based on the prospect of future human resources demand. To incorporate work experience into education and training curriculum, Korea can either adopt and modify Germany's dual program system or introduce a sandwich program system which consolidates short-term on-the-job training at an aligned business with the school education. To strengthen the role of instructors as the facilitator to integrate the education and training with the labor market and as the vocational advisor, support should be provided to them for training in diverse industries. Also, the student internship system should be rolled out to the entire education and training institutions, on-the-jot training should be conducted for at least six months, and a credits recognition system should be adopted. Second, develop a strategy to systematically integrate education and training curriculum with employers. First of all, it should be promoted to the employers that their participation in the education and training curriculum is beneficial. A phased strategy should be developed to approach and attract employers to the negotiation table. The key in the approach is to focus on local industry. Establishing a training group company which integrates education and training institutions with the employer group would be helpful. Third, facilitate business alignment between the education and training institutions and the industries. For this, an intermediary body should be installed to coordinate opinions and exchange information in relation with the alignment programs between the education and training institutions and the industries. Separate budget should be set within education and training institutions to enable efficient management and operation of on-the-job training. For industries that participate in the industry-academy integration program, incentives should be provided, such as employment industry, worker's accident compensation insurance, or tax exemption benefits. In many cases, education and training institutions do not have information on the industries, or vice versa. Therefore, it is required to build information infrastructure to enable credible information distribution. Fourth, strengthen the flexibility in the education and training pathways. For this, the following examples that center on foreign examples can be benchmarked: Build a specialized education system in vocational secondary schools, and integrate it with colleges or universities.; Modularize the curriculum of education and training institutions so that credits can be recognized and linkage can be strengthened among them. (2) How to strengthen quantitative linkage to address unemployment among the youth First, provide substantial vocational training for the unemployed. For this, programs should be developed and implemented to convert the major subject areas of the unemployed young who experience skill gap. A training ladder should be developed from low to advanced levels to provide an institutionalized system where the participation of the unemployed in the vocation training can lead to sustained employment and career development. Second, expand the internship for the youth to create jobs. Especially, the internship-based job creation should be expanded in the public sector during economic recession. Entrepreneurship should be strengthened focusing on industries that are specialized for the youth. For those youths who have little education or skill level, more job opportunities should be created in areas related to social welfare and public service. Third, develop specialized labor market programs according to the economic cycle. During the period of economic upturn, job-seeking activities should be supported to facilitate fast job finding. During the downturn period, support should be provided for vocational training and employment subsidy should be expanded for temporary internship-based jobs for the youth, in order to generate conditions for them to enter the labor market by leveraging policies. Fourth, provide protection to the youth who work in part-time jobs. It should be implemented as part of the unemployment solution plan for the youth who are being frequently dropped out from the labor market due to insufficient job openings and low skill levels. (3) How to build the infrastructure to strengthen linkage of education and training with the labor market First, build a system to provide accurate and comprehensive information on education, career and employment, arrange employment, and provide counseling service. Second, build a social partnership system between those that are related to the linkage of education and training with the labor market - namely, the government, providers of public education and training, providers of private education and training, corporations, employer's group, and the worker's group (labor union). Third, education and training institutions should revise their curriculum to respond to the needs of the industries, and organize the evaluation system, in order to strengthen the competitiveness.โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 8 โ…ก. ์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์ง„์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ์˜์˜ 11 1. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 11 2. ์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ง„์ „, ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์‹ค์—…, ์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜์˜ 12 3. ์—ฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์š”์ธ 17 4. ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋ณด์™„์  ์—ญํ•  21 โ…ข. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 25 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 25 2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์•ฝํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ต์œก ๊ฒฝ๋กœ 30 3. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ง์—…ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ 38 4. ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋„์ œ์ œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ 49 5. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  58 โ…ฃ. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฐํ•™์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 63 1. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์—ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์Šต์ œ 63 2. ์ง์—…์ „๋ฌธํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ฐฉํ•™์ค‘ ํ˜„์žฅ์‹ค์Šต์ œ 67 3. ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 70 4. ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋‹ค์›์  ์‚ฐํ•™์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ™œ๋™ 80 5. 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ˜„์žฅํ•™๊ธฐ์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์ฒด ์—ฐ์ˆ˜ 86 6. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  90 โ…ค. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ์—์„œ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰: ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ์˜๊ฒฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 95 1. ์‹ ๊ทœ์ง์› ์ฑ„์šฉ ๊ด€ํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ•„์š”๋ถ„์•ผ 95 2. ์ง๋ฌด์ผ์น˜๋„ 102 3. ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž์งˆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ 105 4. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ 113 5. ์‚ฐ์—…์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฐํ•™์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์—… ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 118 6. ์‹ ๊ทœ์ง์› ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ 123 7. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋žต๋ถ„์•ผ ์ธ๋ ฅ์š”๊ตฌ 124 8. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  127 โ…ฅ. ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 129 1. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 129 2. ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 131 3. ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 135 4. ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 139 โ…ฆ. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 149 1. ์š”์•ฝ 149 2. ์ œ์–ธ 153 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 155 ABSTRACT 159 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 16

    Vocational Competency Development to Promote Re-employment among those who have been Long-term Unemployment

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    โ€ป ๋ณธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” Issue ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์–ด 2004๋…„์— ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๋œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌยท๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 1997๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ…์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์˜ ์žฌ์ทจ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ • ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ์žฌ์ทจ์—…์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 ์ œ2์žฅ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์ •์˜ 7 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œ๋น„๊ต 10 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ 16 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์˜ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ 26 ์ œ3์žฅ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐœ์š” 29 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 2. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 31 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ์‹ค์—…์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์งํ™œ๋™ 33 1. ์‹ค์—…์œ ํ˜• 33 2. ๊ตฌ์งํ™œ๋™ 35 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ „์ง๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์˜ ์›์ธ 39 1. ์ „์ง๊ฒฝํ—˜ 39 2. ์‹ค์—…์›์ธ 44 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์‹คํƒœ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ƒํƒœ 46 1. ์ƒํ™œ์‹คํƒœ 46 2. ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ •๋„ 50 3. ๊ตฌ์งํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ •๋„ 51 4. ์‹ค์—…์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ 52 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ 53 1. ์žฌ์ทจ์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ 53 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ทผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์—… 55 3. ์ƒ๋‹ด ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์ทจํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 59 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  60 ์ œ4์žฅ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ • ๋ฐ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ์ œ1์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ๋Œ€์ฑ…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 63 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ • ๋ฐ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ์œ ํ˜• 64 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ทผ๋กœ์‚ฌ์—… 65 2. ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ž๊ณ ์šฉ์ด‰์ง„์žฅ๋ ค๊ธˆ 67 3. ์‹ค์—…์ž์žฌ์ทจ์งํ›ˆ๋ จ 70 4. ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ •์„ผํ„ฐ ์ทจ์—…์ง€์›ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 72 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ๋Œ€์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  75 1. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… 76 2. ๋ด๋งˆํฌ์˜ ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ ๊ทน์  ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ •์ฑ… 86 3. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  97 ์ œ5์žฅ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ์•ˆ์ • ๋ฐ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 99 1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์  99 2. ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 104 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ… ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋ถ„์„ 106 1. ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณดํ—˜ DB์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ… ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋ถ„์„ 106 2. ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ… ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ: ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 115 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ… ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 122 1. ์žฌ์ทจ์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ 122 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ทผ๋กœ 141 3. ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ง์ž๊ณ ์šฉ์ด‰์ง„์žฅ๋ ค๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 146 4. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  150 ์ œ6์žฅ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ์žฌ์ทจ์—… ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 155 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ 157 1. ์ธ๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์‹ค์—…์žํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ 157 2. ์ง€์—ญ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์—…๋Œ€์ฑ…์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ 159 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉ ํ›„ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ 160 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ํŠนํ™” ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ 164 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€์›๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 166 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์ง๋ฌด์ˆœํ™˜์ œ: ์œ ๊ธ‰ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ธ๋ ฅ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 170 ์ œ7์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ 173 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ œ์–ธ 177 ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์‹คํƒœ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€ 181 ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€(1): ์žฌ์ทจ์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ถ”์ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 193 ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€(2): ๊ณต๊ณต๊ทผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ถ”์ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 209 ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋Œ€์ฑ… ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ง€(3): ์žฅ๊ธฐ์‹ค์—…์ž ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด‰์ง„ ์žฅ๋ ค๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ถ”์ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 221 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 22

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    1. ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 2. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 3. ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์ œ ๊ฐ€. ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์žํ™œ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ-๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณต์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ฒด์ œ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋‚˜. ๊ทผ๋กœ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์˜ ํ‰์ƒ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ผ. ํŠน์ˆ˜์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ฑ ๋ณด

    Innovation of Lifelong Vocational Competency Development System(โ… ) : Reinforcing Links between Vocational Competency Development Policy and Employment Policy

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธˆ๋…„์—๋Š” โ€˜์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™”โ€™๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐ„๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ… ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœํ˜•โ€™ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์žฌ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ , ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๋ก ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดํ–‰์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…์š”๊ตฌ, ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ… . Overview This study deals with on the innovation of lifelong skills development system that focus on linkage issues of skills development strategy with employment-related policy for improving potential & current workers' employability. Firstly, we analyzed current skills development system in context of employment policy and labor market policy paradigm shift internationally. Secondly, we examined the status and issues of skills development system by Transitional Labor Markets Theory (TLM), a new european employment strategy initiated by Schmid. For concrete data on transitional labor market we conducted two kinds of questionnaire survey(participants in PES & training program). Finally, we re-designed public employment service for linkage of skills development system with employment policy. โ…ก. Main Results Participation in the labour market is fundamental for social integration. Unemployment is one of the main channels of social exclusions. Because it prevents people from exchanging their labor services and their productive knowledge. TLM are intended to secure that the working and earning capacity of everybody on the labor market. according to TLM framework we modeled 4 types of transitions (except fifth transition type between employment and retirement) and suggest the policy implications of connection between skills development strategy and employment policy. We identified four-types of transitions and investigated policy implications for improving one-side transition to employment: (1) for promoting transition to regular employment among non-regular workers, benefits of employment insurance and opportunities of skills upgrading should be provided. (2) for promoting transition to employment among the employed, placement service, wage subsidies, vocational training, and temporary employment, etc. should be combined and customized to job seekers. (3) for promoting transition from education to employment, career guidance, short training program, internship and job experiences should be provided timely. (4) for supporting transition from non-economically status, private work, and parental leave to economically participating status, various targeting training programs should developed and accessibility to job searching and training program should be improved. โ…ข. Policy Suggestions Firstly, new transitional labor market policy should be developed necessary to unemployment reduction. Especially it is well-known that the skills development is the best practices to improve the employability of the disadvantaged class. Secondly, transitional labor market policy focussing on skills development is more effective for improving functioning of labor market. For example, the change of service delivery system to incentive system promoting private sector participation in ALMPs delivery, and promoting consortium among various organizations will contribute to good functioning of labor market. Thirdly, policies improving employability of workers through skills development and securing choice rights in terms of individual life cycle should be implemented for promoting participation in labor market. Service delivery systems and organizations could be redesign to 'assumed new TLM center' This study suggests as follows, Firstly, employment service and training delivery systems focus on individual initiative. TLM center will provide information to anyone who want to service through consulting with job-matching adviser (like case worker). If job-matching adviser recognize necessary of training, anyone will be take a training voucher and also unemployment benefit and job seeking allowance needed to living cost support. We proposed 'Job-matching Voucher' and 'Skills Development Accounts' in order to provide individually customized service. Secondly, substantial active labor market policy should be designed for being combined with unemployment benefit, skills development programs. It can be considered to differential unemployment benefit according to the level of participation in active labor market policy. Finally life-saving earning while participating labor market programs should be secured among weaker people.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  (๋‚˜์˜์„ ) ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 13 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„: ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ค๊ณ„(์ด ๊ทผ) ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 15 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ˜์‹ ์ฒด์ œ, ์ž‘์—…์กฐ์ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 19 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ… 25 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ์Ÿ์  29 ์ œ5์ ˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ถ”๊ฒฉํ˜• ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ… 37 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๋ก  (๋‚˜์˜์„ ) ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ 49 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ์˜ ์•ฝํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 55 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€ํ™” 58 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๋ก ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 65 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๋ก ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 74 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  78 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ณ„ (์ •์žฌํ˜ธ) ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 81 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์˜ ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์ด๋™ 88 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ํšจ๊ณผ 97 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  105 ์ œ5์žฅ ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ–‰์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ณ„ (๋‚˜์˜์„ ) ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดํ–‰๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 113 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 118 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดํ–‰๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ 122 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  153 ์ œ6์žฅ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ดํ–‰์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ณ„ (๊น€๋ฏธ์ˆ™) ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ง€์›์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 157 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 159 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์งํ™œ๋™ ์‹คํƒœ 163 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  210 ์ œ7์žฅ ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ–‰๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ณ„ (์ „์žฌ์‹) ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 215 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 218 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋น„๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 228 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  243 ์ œ8์žฅ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ (๋‚˜์˜์„ ) ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์—ฐ๊ณ„ 251 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ 255 SUMMARY 261 ใ€Œ์ทจ์—…์ง€์›ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…ใ€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 267 ใ€Œ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ทจ์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ๊ณ  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…ใ€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 281 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 29

    ํ•ด์™ธ ๋™ํ–ฅ] OECD ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ €ํ•™๋ ฅ ยท์ €์ˆ™๋ จ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ

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    OECD์™€ ์Šค์›จ๋ด ๊ต์œกยท์—ฐ๊ตฌยท๋ฌธํ™”๋ถ€๋Š” 2005. 3.10~11, 2์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์Šค์›จ๋ด ๋ง๋ชจ(Malmo)์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธํ•™์Šต ์ฆ์ง„(Promoting Adult Learning)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ”, ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. OECD ๊ต์œก๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตญ ์ฃผ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ธํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ Thematic Review๊ฐ€ 1999๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2004๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”, ์Šค์œ„์Šค, ์˜๊ตญ, ๋…์ผ, ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ, ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๋ด๋งˆํฌ, ํ•€๋ž€๋“œ, ์Šค์›จ๋ด, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด,์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ, ํฌ๋ฅดํˆฌ๊ฐˆ, ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ, ํด๋ž€๋“œ ๋“ฑ 17๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™ ๊ตญ์ œํšŒ์˜๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ €ํ•™๋ ฅยท์ €์ˆ™๋ จ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์„ฑ์ธํ•™์Šต์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ œ2์ฐจ Thematic Review์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋„์ „์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์  ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ๊ฐ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ2์ฐจ Thematic Review์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ณ„์ธต์ธ ์ €ํ•™๋ ฅ, ์ €์ˆ™๋ จ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต์„ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ… ์˜์ œ๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ2์ฐจ Thematic Review์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ ์„ฑ์ธํ•™์Šต์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๋ถ๊ตฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ธํ•™์Šต ์ •์ฑ…์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ
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