Coupling between the laryngeal and supralaryngeal systems

Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30)."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2010."Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2010.The present study investigated the coupling between the laryngeal and supralaryngeal systems in speech production. The interrelationship between the two systems was examined by studying the possible interaction between tone production (laryngeal system) and articulation (supralaryngeal system). Sixty (30 male and 30 female) native Cantonese speakers participated in the study. The first and second formant frequencies (F1 and F2) associated with the four vowels /i, u, ?, ?/ produced at six Cantonese lexical tones (highlevel, high-rising, mid-level, low-falling, low-rising and low-level tones) were obtained. Results revealed that, regardless of vowels, significant articulatory changes were found when produced at different tones. However, the difference pattern across each vowel was not systematic. Gender difference was also noted; male and female speakers showed different patterns in articulatory changes. These findings revealed the coupling effect between the laryngeal and supra-laryngeal systems.published_or_final_versionSpeech and Hearing SciencesBachelorBachelor of Science in Speech and Hearing Science

表面负载聚苯胺纳米线聚合物复合微球的制备及其防腐性能研究

采用分散聚合和\"受限聚合-原位生长\"法分别制备了聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA)微球和PGMA@PANI(聚苯胺)复合微球,通过改变聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量以及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)浓度实现对PGMA微球粒径和分散度的调控。在此基础上,通过改变苯胺(An)/PGMA、CTAB/An的比例、正戊醇的添加来调控PGMA@PANI复合微球的形貌。结果表明,在0.10g/mL GMA、10%(wt,质量分数,下同)PVP、50%十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和30%An条件下,可得到均匀负载PANI纳米线的聚合物复合微球。以复合微球为防腐助剂制备环氧型防腐涂料的测试结果显示:PGMA@PANI复合微球的添加量为4.5%时,防腐涂层耐盐雾时间为816h,耐盐水时间为960h,展现了较好的防腐性能和机械性能。福建省科技创新平台(2014H2006,2014I2005);;\n厦门市科技重大专项(3502Z20171002);;\n石墨烯技术研发和产业发展专项项目;;\n福建省科技重大专项(2018HZ0001-1

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

观察栀子苷改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果,从游离脂肪酸探讨栀子苷调节非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制。健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、栀子苷组和血脂康组,每组大鼠10只,正常组大鼠给予正常大鼠饲料喂养,其余3组大鼠均采用高脂饲料喂养以诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝病,造模时间为8周,从第5周起至第8周末,栀子苷组和血脂康组分别灌服相应的药物。记录大鼠体重、肝湿重、脂肪质量;用相应方法检测肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量,血清CHO,LDL-C的含量,血清AST,ALT的活性;观察肝脏组织肉眼及病理变化(HE染色法)。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠的体重;肝湿重;脂肪重;血清CHO,LDL-C,ALT,AST;肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量皆显著升高(P<0.01);肝组织AMPK活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织肉眼外观及病理切片脂肪变性明显,并出现炎症损伤;与模型组相比,栀子苷组大鼠体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量、血清ALT,AST活性均显著降低(P<0.01),肝湿重,肝组织TG,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝组织AMPK活性明显增多(P<0.05),肝脏肉眼外观及病理学表现均有所改善;与模型组相比,血脂康组大鼠的肝湿重、脂肪质量、肝组织TG,FFA和血清LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05);与血脂康组相比,栀子苷组大鼠的体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其他方面无明显差异。结果表明,栀子苷具有显著的改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药理效应;其改善大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的游离脂肪酸代谢是通过调节"AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA"轴来实现的。To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid,forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets,and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8,the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats were recorded.Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A in hepatic tissue,contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats,CHO,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels in serum,TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group( P < 0. 01),while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group( P < 0. 01),with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues,and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group,body weight of the rat,fat weight,levels of FFA in hepatic tissues,ALT and AST activities in serum,liver wet weight,TG,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance.Compared with the model group,liver wet weight,fat weight,TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues,and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group( P < 0. 05). Compared with Xuezhikang group,the body weight of rat,fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by highfat diet,and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA axis.国家自然科学基金项目(81274155;81503529);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01374);; 福建省高等学校新世纪人才计划项目;; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20134020);; 福建省中医药科研项目(WZPW201308

Ｓｔｕｄｙ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｎｅｗｌｙ Ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ Ｓｏｉｌ ａｎｄ Ｗａｔｅｒ Ｌｏｓｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄ Ｌａｎｄｓ

针对神府东胜煤田开采过程中所引发的严重新增水土流失问题,采用野外放水冲刷的试验研究方法,对神府东胜煤田扰动地面新增水土流失机理和流失量进行了初步研究。结果表明:在相同放水冲刷流量和坡度下,原始地面的平均土壤入渗率较扰动地面的增加30%;两种不同类型下垫面的径流量均随时间的增加而增加,冲刷的前6min,径流量均较小,且原始地面&gt;扰动地面,在6min以后,径流量迅速增大,且原始地面&lt;扰动地面,扰动地面的平均径流量较原始地面增加14%;原始地面的侵蚀产沙在整个放水冲刷过程中没有显著变化,基本维持在一个常数水平;扰动地面在放水冲刷0&mdash;15min的侵蚀产沙量较高,此后侵蚀产沙随冲刷历时的延长而下降并最终趋于稳定;扰动地面的平均含沙量较原始地面增加96%,平均产沙量增加89%;新增土壤流失量随放水流量和坡度的增大而增大,10&deg;时,新增土壤流失量最大;同一坡度条件下,放水流量越小,土壤流失量增加的百分比就越大,反之则越小。Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｂａｓｅｄ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｅｖｅｒｅ　ｎｅｗｌｙ　ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ａｎｄ　ｗａｔｅｒ　ｌｏｓｓ　ｃａｕｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｉｎｉｎｇ　ｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅＳｈｅｎｆｕ－Ｄｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇ　ｃｏａｌ　ｍｉｎｉｎｇ　ａｒｅａ，ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ　ｏｆ　ｎｅｗｌｙ　ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ａｎｄ　ｗａｔｅｒ　ｌｏｓｓ　ａｎｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｌｏｓｓ　ｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅｗｅｒｅ　ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｕｓｉｎｇ　ｆｉｅｌｄ　ｗａｔｅｒ　ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅ　ｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇ　ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ．Ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｓｈｏｗｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ａｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｗａｔｅｒｉｎｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎ　ｒａｔｅ　ｏｆ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　３０％ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｕｎｄｅｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｓａｍｅ　ｆｌｏｗ　ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅ　ａｎｄ　ｓｌｏｐｅ；ｒｕｎｏｆｆ　ｒａｔｅ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｔｉｍｅ　ｄｕｒａｔｉｏｎ　ｕｎｄｅｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ．Ａｂｏｕｔｗｉｔｈｉｎ　６ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ　ｂｅｆｏｒｅ　ａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇ　ｏｆ　ｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇ，ｒｕｎｏｆｆ　ｒａｔｅ　ｗａｓ　ａｌｌ　ｌｉｔｔｌｅ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｕｎｏｆｆ　ｒａｔｅ　ｉｎ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｗａｓ　ｍｏｒｅ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｉｎ　ｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ，ａｆｔｅｒ　６ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ，ｒｕｎｏｆｆ　ｒａｔｅ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙ，ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｕｎｏｆｆ　ｒａｔｅ　ｉｎ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｗａｓ　ｌｅｓｓ　ｔｈａｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｉｎ　ｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ，ｔｈｅ　ａｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｒｕｎｏｆｆ　ｒａｔｅｏｆ　ｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　１４％ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈａｔ　ｉｎ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ；ｔｈｅ　ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ　ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｋｅｐｔ　ａ　ｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔ　ｌｅｖｅｌ　ｂａｓｉｃａｌｌｙ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｗｈｏｌｅ　ｓｏｕｒｉｎｇ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ，ａｎｄ　ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ　ｃｈａｎｇｅ　ｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ　ｙｉｅｌｄ　ｗａｓ　ｎｏｔ　ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄ．Ｔｈｅ　ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ　ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｄｉｓｔｕｒｂｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ　ｗａｓ　ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ　ｗｉｔｈｉｎ　０&mdash;１５ｍｉｎ，ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅｎ　ｉｔ　ｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｔｉｍｅ　ｄｕｒａｔｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　ｔｅｎｄｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｓｔａｂｌｅ　ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ，ｔｈｅ　ａｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ　ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　９６％ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ａｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ　ｙｉｅｌｄ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　８９％ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｓｕｒｆａｃｅ；Ｎｅｗｌｙ　ｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄ　ｓｏｉｌ　ａｎｄ　ｗａｔｅｒ　ｌｏｓｓ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｆｌｏｗ　ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅ　ａｎｄ　ｓｌｏｐｅ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄ　ａｎｄ　ｗａｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｓｔ　ｆｏｒｓｌｏｐｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　１０&deg;．Ｕｎｄｅｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｓａｍｅ　ｓｌｏｐｅ　ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｔｈｅ　ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｓｏｉｌ　ｌｏｓｓ　ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｈｉｇｈｅｒｗｈｅｎ　ｆｌｏｗ　ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅ　ｗａｓ　ｓｍａｌｌｅｒ

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为了经济、合理地利用高磷赤铁矿资源,本研究在掌握试验用高磷鲕状赤铁矿理化特性和微观特性的基础上,对高磷铁矿石中磷灰石的还原机理进行了探讨,并通过转底炉直接还原法进行了直接生产珠铁工艺的试验研究。研究结果表明,高温度、低碱度以及高配碳量有利于铁矿石中磷灰石还原进入铁水中,不利于磷的脱除;通过工艺参数的优化,采用转底炉珠铁工艺,其脱磷率能够达到85%以上。本研究为合理高效地处理高磷鲕状赤铁矿奠定理论基础和技术依据

A field experiment of runoff and sediment yielding processes from residues in Shenfu-Dongsheng

采用野外模拟降雨试验方法,研究了神府东胜煤田开采造成的弃土弃渣体产流产沙规律及其减水减沙效益.结果表明:随降雨强度的增大,弃土弃渣体产流的起始时间呈递减趋势,且差异达几倍至十几倍.弃渣体比弃土体更快到达稳定流速,平均流速大小为弃土体&gt;沙多石少弃渣体&gt;沙少石多弃渣体.弃土弃渣体产流6 min后的径流率达到稳定,与降雨强度呈显著相关.弃土弃渣体侵蚀主要发生在产流开始后的前6 min,弃土体产流后前6 min的平均含沙量是6 min后的0.43~4.27倍,弃渣体为1.43~54.93倍.弃土体和沙多石少弃渣体径流量与降雨强度呈线性函数关系,沙少石多弃渣体呈幂函数关系.弃土体和沙少石多弃渣体的次侵蚀量与降雨强度之间分别呈指数函数和幂函数相关.弃土体侵蚀量与径流量呈线性函数关系.在降雨强度为1.0和1.5 mm&middot;min-1条件下,弃渣体采用鱼鳞坑及植被防护的产流滞后降雨时间为24 min,减水效益为29.5%~52.9%,减沙效益为85.7%~97.9%. </span