Quality Improvement in a Logistic Center - Taking Product Labels off as an Example

[[abstract]]近年來電子商務的蓬勃發展，根據經濟部統計電子商務業2018年營業額達1,894億元，國人的消費管道由實體店面購買商品逐漸移轉至網路虛擬商店舖購買。 資策會產業情報研究所調查顯示，2019年消費者由網路訂購商品後領取商品的模式，以選擇便利商店取貨及宅配配送到府收貨為主；便利商店提供24小時取件寄件的服務，在最短的時間、最短的距離抵逹店舖，以滿足消費者的需求。便利商店的物流業者，在取件與配送EC(Electronic Commerce)網購商品越來越多、速度越來越快的狀況下，如何改善作業流程，降低作業中錯誤發生，是本研究的重點。 研究個案公司為某便利商店的物流公司之中區物流中心，負責EC網購商品配送的作業。本研究前述物流中心利用PDCA管理循環方式，訂定計畫（Plan）、重複執行 (Do)、核查(Check)，改善後訂定相關計畫（Plan）進行行動(Action)，以減少該物流中心的作業錯誤發生，提升作業品質，以滿足消費者寄件及取件的需求。 本研究個案顯示，PDCA在物流中心作業品質改善有具體作用，減少商品標籤脫落狀況，並改善EC網購商品配送的錯誤發生。 Recently, electronic commerce (e-commerce) industry has become more popular than ever before. According to the statistics from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the e-commerce industry contributed 189.4 billion New Taiwan Dollar (NTD) to the Gross Domastic Product (GDP) in 2018. According to a survey conducted by the MIC (Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute) in 2019, on-line shopping consumers mostly choose pick up at the commodity convenience stores , owing to in Taiwan convenience stores providing 24-hour pickup and delivery services. Therefore delivering the goods to convenience store. in the shortest time is needed to meet consumer’s needs. To provide a better delivery of e-commerce goods, nowadays logistics companies have to send much more e-commerce goods in a much faster speed ; faster how to improve the operational procedure to lower the mistake occurred in the procedure is the focus of this research. This case studies a convenience store’s e-commerce goods logistics company, which is responsible for the delivery of e-commerce goods from store to store. This logistics company implementation the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Action), for Plan (making plans), Do (executing plans), Check (comparing actual performance and anticipated result) and Action (continuously having actions for dealing with errors for improvements), of implementation the PDCA cycle process reduce the error rate in the e-commerce commodity distribution, improvement operation quality, and to meet consumer’s needs. The findings of this study revealed that the implementation of PDCA can significantly reduce the rate of the e-commerce commodity labels falling off, and then reduce the error rate in the e-commerce commodity distribution

On the Research of Law Enforcement of Prevention of Drunk Driving

[[abstract]]酒後違規駕車係屬重大危害交通秩序及安全之行為，不只危害駕駛人生命安全，更讓周遭無辜用路人安全受到威脅，嚴重危及社會安定與家庭幸福。依據內政部警政署統計數據顯示，臺灣近三十年交通事故死亡案件中，酒駕肇事均為肇事主因之一。藉由回顧與整理比較各國對酒駕之處罰規定，警政署取締酒駕違規及酒駕肇事案件統計數據，分析酒駕行為與肇事特性，檢討我國警察酒駕執法防制工作，針對防制酒駕工作研提相關建議，包括警察機關應持續嚴格取締酒駕違規（法）行為，考量轄區道路狀況、民眾使用交通工具習慣及酒駕肇事特性，妥適規劃勤務布署，同時強化教育宣導作為，強化酒駕再犯處置作為，修法加重高酒精濃度違規駕車及酒駕再犯者之處罰，呼籲各地方政府首長重視等，提供未來防制酒駕工作參考，以增進不斷革新取締酒駕之適法性。 Driving under the influence (DUI) poses a major threat to roadway traffic and safety. It not only endangers the safety of drivers, but also puts innocent road users’ lives at risk. It will seriously endanger social stability and destroy the welfare of involved families. According to the National Police Agency (NPA), drunk driving has been one of the leading causes for fatality traffic accidents in Taiwan in the past30 years. This study reviewed and compared penalties imposed on drunk driving among different countries, and utilized the DUI statistics released by the NPA to analyze behaviors and characteristics of drunk driving. Moreover，a thorough review of the DUI prevention measures in Taiwan was made and recommendations for future enforcement was provided as follows: Police departments should continue their strict DUI enforcement and deploy police forces accordingly after taking into account such factors as different road conditions，vehicle usage habits of drivers and the characteristics of DUI. In the meantime, the police departments should conduct anti-DUI awareness campaigns and impose severe punishment on reoffending drunk drivers. Furthermore, the DUI laws shall be revised to charge stricter penalties on reoffending drunk drivers and those drivers with high breath alcohol content. City and county government administrators are also advised to pay more attention on DUI enforcement in their jurisdictions，In order to enhance the lawfulness of continuous innovation and ban on drunk driving

On the legitimacy of GPS location tracking and its legislative system

[[abstract]]早期在追緝犯人或犯罪嫌疑人時大部分都是用尾隨、全天候視覺監控等類似之方法為之，但是隨著科技的不斷創新與日新月異，犯罪者之犯罪手段亦日趨越益，增加追緝的難度。其會為了躲避國內之檢、警、調等司法警察機關之追緝，可能會將其藏身處隱蔽在一些山林裡，難以用大量人力去追緝或跟監，故，為了更有效的偵查，司法警察機關可能需要仰賴及運用高科技定位技術做為犯罪偵查之手段或預防，例如使用全球定位系統(Global Positioning System簡稱GPS)之方式，來對人民進行追蹤或監控，藉由該方式來蒐集相關的不法事證。 惟在使用前述之科技做為偵查手段時，對於部分之善意第三人，在其憲法上所賦予他們的居住遷徙自由、秘密通訊自由或隱私權之基本權利均有可能造成侵害，如：「最高法院於106年12月4日做出一判決，係針對有關GPS偵查的判決，該判決明白地指出GPS偵查銀偵查機關可以連續多日、全天候持續而精確地掌握車輛及其使用人之位置、移動方向、速度及停留時間等活動行蹤，且追蹤範圍不受時空限制，亦不侷限於公共道路上，即使車輛進入私人場域，仍能取得車輛及其使用人之位置資訊，且經由所蒐集長期而大量之位置資訊進行分析比對，自可窺知車輛使用人之日常作息及行為模式，難謂非屬對於車輛使用者隱私權之重大侵害。且認為GPS係屬強制偵查，若無法律依據，自屬違法不被允許」。 因此在運用前述之科技做為犯罪偵查之手段時，需要有法律依據，才能符合憲法上或是法律上之規定，本文所著重之處會在於「全球定位系統Global Positioning System(以下簡稱GPS)」做為偵查手段時，我國現行法規中所訂之要件及程序是否完整?是否有明文規定?如無規定時司法警察機關所蒐集到之相關不法事證是否具證據能力，並進一步的參考各國之法律依據加以分析，並提出一套適合我國之法律，即是本文所要探討之重點所在。 Early in the pursuit of prisoners or suspects are mostly used to tail, all-weather visual monitoring and other similar methods, but with the continuous innovation of science and technology and rapid changes, the criminal means of the perpetrators are becoming more and more beneficial, increasing the difficulty of pursuit. In order to avoid the domestic detection, police, transfer and other judicial police agencies, may hide its hiding place in some mountains and forests, it is difficult to use a large number of manpower to pursue or follow the prison, therefore, in order to more effective investigation, judicial police may need to rely on and use high-tech positioning technology as a means of criminal investigation or prevention, For example, using the Global Positioning System (Global Positioning System) to track or monitor people by collecting relevant evidence of wrongdoing. Only in the use of the above-mentioned technology as a means of investigation may result in infringement of the fundamental rights of a third person who, in good faith, to their constitutionalright to freedom of residence, freedom of movement, freedom of confidential communication or right to privacy, such as: "Supreme Court 4, a judgment was made in response to a decision on GPS detection, which clearly stated that GPS investigation silver detection authorities can continuously and accurately grasp the location, direction of movement of the vehicle and its user for many days, 24 hours a day, 24 hours a day, The speed and length of stay and other activities, and the tracking range is not limited by time and space, is not limited to public roads, even if the vehicle into the private field, can still obtain the vehicle and its user location information, and through the collection of long-term and large number of location information analysis and comparison, from the voyeur vehicle user's daily activities and behavior patterns, It is difficult to say that it is not a major violation of the privacy rights of vehicle users. And think that GPS is a mandatory investigation, if there is no legal basis, self-inviolation is not allowed." Therefore, in the use of the above-mentioned technology as a means of criminal investigation, there is a legal basis to comply with the constitutional or legal provisions, the focus of this article will be "Global Positioning System global (GPS) As a means of investigation, is the elements and procedures set out in china's existing laws and regulations ? Is there an explicit ? If there is no provision, the judicial police organs collected the relevant illegal evidence whether there is evidence capacity, and further reference to the legal basis of various countries to analyze, and put forward a set of suitable for our country's law, that is, the focus of this paper to explore

Research on the influence of consumers’ Decoy Effect, Positive Emotion and Internet Word-of-Mouth on internet-groups as intervene variable

[[abstract]]在日常生活中，身為消費者的我們在購物時，經常會被一些行銷策略所引導我們做出選擇；例如:在買一杯咖啡，有大、中、小三種容量——中杯價格幾乎和大杯差不多因此大多數人會選擇最大杯最貴， 此為「誘餌效應」的認知偏見。 現今網路上更存在商家使用無所不用其極的行銷方式如上述誘餌效應、網路口碑、正向情緒操作方式等來影響消費者網路購買決策，而已有許多學者提出在不同族群間網路行銷影響是有差異的，故本研究加入族群因素做驗證性分析。 本研究暨屬驗證性分析便建立問卷，使用二階段集群分析法將275個樣本分為三群並分別命名，再做迴歸分析找出影響每一集群應變數的顯著相關自變數後做變異數分析找出三群迴歸變數的差異性，如具顯著差異再做Scheffe事後檢定。 本研究結果有下列發現： 1. 三集群間變數具有顯著差異的有三個變數誘餌效應、網路口碑、正向情緒各一個。 2. 三集群間變數不具有顯著差異的有四個變數誘餌效應一、網路口碑一、正向情緒二個。 3. 三集群間變數具有顯著差異的發展差異性網路行銷策略。 4. 三集群間變數不具有顯著差異的發展共同性網路行銷策略。 In our daily life, as consumers, when we are shopping, we are often guided by some marketing strategies to make choices; for example, when buying a cup of coffee, there are three sizes: large, medium, and small—the price of a medium cup is almost the same as that of a large cup. The cup is almost the same, so most people choose the largest cup the most expensive. This is the cognitive bias of the " decoy effect". Nowadays, there are businesses on the Internet that use ubiquitous marketing methods, such as the above-mentioned decoy effect, Internet word-of-mouth, and positive emotional operation methods to influence consumers’ online purchasing decisions. Many scholars have proposed to network between different ethnic groups. Marketing influences are different, so this study adds ethnic factors for confirmatory analysis. In this study and a confirmatory analysis, a questionnaire was established. The two-stage cluster analysis method was used to divide 275 samples into three groups and named separately, and then regression analysis was performed to find the significant correlation independent variable that affects the strain number of each cluster, and then the variance was calculated. Analyze and find the difference of the regression variables of the three groups, if there is a significant difference, do the Scheffe post-test. The results of this study have the following findings: 1. There are three variables that have significant differences between the three clusters: decoy effect, Internet word-of-mouth, and positive sentiment. 2. There are four variables that have no significant difference between the three clusters. There are one decoy effects. one. Internet word of mouth. two. Positive sentiment. 3. Development of differentiated Internet marketing strategies with significant differences in variables among the three clusters. 4. The development of common network marketing strategies with no significant difference in variables among the three clusters

A Case Study of Paternalistic Leadership Behavior and Classroom Atmosphere of Junior High Division Class Teachers in Six-Year High School

[[abstract]]在完全中學裡同時存在著兩種不同學制的學生，他們有著完全不同的心理及社會特質(涂順安，2002)，而兩種學制的學生，其教育目標與需求也完全不同，身在其中的國中導師們也須因應這樣的情況，發展其經營領導班級事務的方式。 從文獻回顧中發現導師的領導行為與及班級氣氛的關係相當密切(陳密桃，1981)，但西方的領導模式的探討未必適用於以華人儒家文化作為根基的台灣社會。本研究針對華人世界發展出的家長式領導理論對班級氣氛間的關係做探討，利用個案研究，對任教完全中學的導師作個別的半結構式深度訪談，歸納家長式領導在導師們領導管理其班級的運用以及對班級氣氛的影響。 本研究結果建議在班級經營初期，使用家長式領導中的威權領導來建立班級規範及秩序，再輔以德行領導以及仁慈領導方式建立師生間的信任感。透過在教學場域任教導師的訪談，將家長式領導理論與導師班級經營的實務工作經驗相互印證，期盼能對正在學校中擔任導師職務或是即將進入這份職務的教師在班級經營方面有所幫助。 In six-year high school, there are two kinds of students with different educational systems at the same time, with different psychological and social characteristics (Tu, 2002). There are two different aims and needs for these two different group students. In response to this situation, class teachers work in the junior high division have developed their own management and leadership styles of class affairs. From the literature review, it is found that the class teacher’s leadership behavior is very closely related to the class atmosphere (Chen, 1981). The discussion of western leadership models may not be applicable to Taiwanese society which is based on Chinese Confucian culture. For the paternalistic leadership theory developed in the Chinese world, this research explores the relationship between paternalistic leadership and class atmospheres. The study summarizes that the importance of class teacher paternalistic leadership in class atmospheres by conducting individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with class teachers who teach in six-year high schools. The results of this study suggest that in the early stage of class management, the paternalistic leadership of authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership can be used to establish class norms and order, supplemented by moral leadership benevolent leadership to establish a sense of trust between teachers and students. Through interviews with class teacher who teach in the teaching field, this study will mutually reflect the theory of paternalistic leadership behavior and the practical work experience of the teacher’s class management. It is further to be helpful in class management for teachers who are currently serving as class teacher in the school or are about to enter this position

A study on the Relationship among Cultural Products, Country Image and Overseas Studying Intention

[[abstract]]由於少子女化，我國教育產業面臨空前的危機。為了提出解決這項教育危機的可行方案，本研究參考過去文化產品與國家形象的文獻，提出出口文化產品以提升國家形象，進而吸引外籍生來我國留學，而解決我國教育產業困境的模型。 為了支持此理論模型，本研究發放問卷給國內中學生及大學生，迴歸分析之結果顯示，中學生及大學生觀看韓劇與收聽韓國流行音樂的時間正向影響消費者心目中的韓國國家形象；而韓國國家形象愈好，消費者到韓國留遊學的購買傾向就愈高。此外，觀看韓劇與收聽韓國流行音樂也可以直接影響到至韓國留遊學的購買傾向，而不透過國家形象的效果。模型因而獲得支持。因此，台灣亦可透過出口文化產品，例如戲劇與流行音樂，而提升我國的國家形象，進而吸引外籍學生來台留遊學，減輕我國少子女化造成的教育產業困境。 Due to the lower birth rate and fewer children, Taiwan’s educational industry encounter great difficulties. In order to find feasible policies of solving this problem, this study referred to the literature of cultural product and country image, and then establishing a model arguing that exporting cultural products can raise country image and attract foreign students to study in our country; therefore, it can solve the difficulties of Taiwan’s educational industry. In order to support this theoretical model, the survey of this study was done by middle school and college students in Taiwan. The result of regression analysis showed that the length of time that middle school and college students watch Korean dramas and listen to K-POP positively influences Korean country image in customers’ mind. The better Korean country image is, the higher the customer’s purchase intention toward going study in Korea is. So, the model is empirically supported. Therefore, Taiwan can also improve country image by exporting cultural products, like dramas and popular music, so that Taiwan can attract foreign students to come here to study and decrease the difficulty of the educational industry that is caused by the lower birth rate

Study on Tourists Satisfaction Degree in General Madouwen Center of Madou

[[abstract]]麻豆總爺藝文中心邇年來已被臺南市文化局接收，並著手規劃主要動線，其中藝文發展迅速，從最初雜亂無人管理的園區，到現今成為附近居民及外地遊客眼中的藝文小森林，假日並有街頭藝人及民俗攤位之展示，從而創造休閒觀光人潮。麻豆總爺藝文中心辦公室人員也非常努力尋找藝術家來進行合作佈展，讓遊客來到此地能夠看到不同藝術品。有些藝術家已長期與總爺藝文中心辦公室人員簽約，進行藝術創作，並於園區展示供當地民眾及外來遊客欣賞。而四棟古蹟建築（紅樓館、招待所館、紅磚工藝館與廠長宿舍館）也定期維護，讓遊客接體驗觸古建築之美。麻豆總爺藝文中心為一開放且免費觀光閒之場所，並且能夠和藝術家面對面直接的接觸。 本研究從遊客滿意度觀點探討麻豆總爺藝文中心之休閒、環境、古蹟與藝術之四大要素發展進而瞭解一個園區的發展，亦發展哪些活動才能夠讓遊客留連忘返的美好回憶，此乃園區追求成功的首要條件。而這四大要素為此園區發展首要條件，並且能夠永續發展經營。 從本論文是從遊客至園區內所進行的休閒活動，及對於園區環境、古蹟建築、欣賞藝術品的滿意度作為參考透過以上的滿意度程度作探討，此資料將為總爺藝文中心發展必要條件。 The Madou Master Art Center has been accepted by the Tainan Cultural Bureau in the past year, and has begun to plan the main moving lines. Among them, the art and literature have developed rapidly, from the first unorganized parks to the scenes of the nearby residents and foreign tourists. Small forests, holidays and the display of street performers and folk stalls create a leisure and sightseeing crowd. The staff of the Madou Master Art Center also worked very hard to find artists to carry out collaborative exhibitions, so that visitors can see different artworks. Some artists have long signed contracts with the staff of the General Ye Wenwen Center for artistic creation, and they are displayed in the park for local people and foreign tourists to enjoy. The four historic buildings （red building, guest house, red brick craft hall and director's dormitory） are also regularly maintained, allowing visitors to experience the beauty of ancient buildings. The Madou Master Art Center is an open and free place to visit and enjoy direct contact with artists. This study explores the development of the four major elements of leisure, environment, monuments and art from the viewpoint of tourist satisfaction, and then understands the development of a park, and also develops what activities can make visitors forget the memories. This is the primary condition for the park to pursue success. These four factors are the primary conditions for the development of the park and can continue to develop and operate. From this study, the leisure activities carried out from tourists to the park, as well as the satisfaction of the park environment, historic buildings and appreciation of art as a reference through the above degree of satisfaction, this information will be developed for the total master art center Necessary conditions

Famers get rid of the disadvantaged by collective negotiation

[[abstract]]作為人類最基礎的生產活動，農業經歷了數千年的發展，人均生產力已經獲得顯著的提升，雖然農業產值占整體經濟的比例不斷下降，但其地位依然受到世界各國的重視。而台灣雖然在農業生物技術領域相當發達，但農民平均所得水準仍然有很大的進步空間，因此如何改善農民處境為本研究的主題。 台灣的農民結構主要由耕地面積不到1公頃的小農所組成，在缺乏通路與市場資訊的狀態下，農民面對中間商收購農作物時普遍缺乏議價能力。理論上若能有效團結農民形成團體，匯集農作物對外銷售，除可提高經濟規模降低成本外，也能有效改善對中間商的議價能力並提高農民的所得水準。 本研究應用Rubinstein（1982）的賽局模型至農民與中間商議價的談判過程，藉以模擬兩者在不同的情境條件下產生的談判結果。同時假設農民與中間商在完全競爭市場及獨買市場時所得之結果，與Rubinstein模型做一比較。結果發現：在比較完全競爭市場及獨買市場，不論是農民的利潤或是市場總貿易利得，完全競爭市場均高於獨買市場；但將完全競爭市場與Rubinstein模型比較，不論農民福利或中間商貿易利得則呈現不確定的結果。 The Taiwan’s farmer structure is mainly composed of small farmers with less than one hectare of arable land. In the absence of market channel and information, farmers generally lack bargaining power when facing middlemen to purchase crops. Though the agriculture in Taiwan is quite developed in the field of agricultural biotechnology, there is still a lot of room for improvement in the average income level of farmers. In addition, the farmers now are facing huge challenges more than ever due to low production efficiency and low market competition compared to the international agricultural markets. To conquer the difficulties above mentioned, the general perspective is the necessity of uniting individual farmers effectively to form groups and pool crops. In this research, some workable and effective tool is proposed to strengthen the function and organization of the agricultural cooperatives: collective negotiation. This research applies Rubinstein's（1982）game model to the negotiation process between farmers and middlemen. The results prove that in the comparison of the perfect competition market and the monopsony market, the Rubinstein model can win at most either in farmers’ profit or the total market trade gains. In other words, collective negotiation can increase economic scale and reducing transaction costs, and it can also effectively improve farmers' bargaining power and increase farmers' income levels. The economic analysis in this research can help farmers to understand what they can realistically accomplish when they join a cooperative. Also, the economic conditions, such as equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity, and welfare effect, have been clarified which may favor the success of collective negotiation

Research on image recognition using machine learning platform

[[abstract]]摘要 機器學習理論在發展出深度學習的演算法後開始大量普及，進入產業與生活中，加上資料取得的質與量大幅提升、電腦運算速度也快速倍增，讓機器學習得以進行大量實務應用，逐漸為人類生活帶來改變。如何將此理論進行實務應用，成為現代企業所關注的重要議題。 本研究目的是將圖像辨識技術進行實務應用，共進行九項不同數據集的研究。包含雜草辨識、蕈類辨識、植物幼苗辨識、建物表面裂縫檢測、鑄造產品瑕疵檢測、肺炎檢測、視網膜病變檢測、自閉症臉部辨識、停車場空位辨識等研究，圖像辨識精確率均在八成以上，最高則達到100%，顯見以機器學習平台Azure進行圖像辨識可有效應用在相關領域。 根據本研究的模型訓練結果，單一數據集中各分類的圖像張數超過2,000張時，即使再增加圖像張數進行訓練，對於模型精確率的提升效果有限。此外，建議此類研究在圖像蒐集時，應將特徵的畫面比例放大，並減少對焦模糊、鏡頭髒污、曝光錯誤、光影變化…等問題，以利機器學習與判讀