无创正压通气在肺性脑病的治疗价值及其局限性

目的　观察无创正压通气 (BIPAP)在肺性脑病中的治疗价值及其局限性。方法　 5 6例肺性脑病患者经 BIPAP通气治疗为治疗组 ,同期 5 6例常规方法治疗为对照组 ,比较两组治疗前后血气分析指标及临床改善情况。结果　治疗组经无创正压治疗后临床症状改善和血气分析指标恢复正常 ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 BIPAP在肺性脑病治疗中疗效肯定。对有较严重的意识障碍和 (或 )严重感染、痰量多、粘稠且咳痰无力者 ,宜行有创通气。照组相比均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。见表 1、表 2。表 1　两组治疗前后临床症状改善比较组别例数 神志转清心率下降呼吸频率下降辅助呼吸肌动作减轻治疗组 5 6 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0对照组 5 6 2 314 2 5 17　　注 :均 P<0 .0 13　讨　　论肺性脑病是一种病死率极高的常见病 ,降低其病死率除需有效的抗生素外 ,有赖于早期的有效的呼吸支持 ,虽然有创机械通气在 COPD并发肺性脑病中发挥着重要作用 ,但有创机械通气尚存在创伤大、人工气道管理困难、易出现机械通气相关肺损伤、肺感染及不易脱机等许多问题。因此 ,积极探索无创通气在 COPD并肺性脑病治疗中的价值有着极其重要意义。表 2　两组治疗前后血气分析结果比较 (X±s)组别 PH Pa O2 (k Pa) Pa CO2 (k Pa) Sa O

住院患者呼吸道鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性分析

目的对呼吸道分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性进行回顾性调查,方法对我院2002年1月至2004年12月呼吸道患者痰、下呼吸道分泌物、肺泡灌洗液等标本细菌培养获得鲍曼不动杆菌370株,并进行药敏结果分析。结果鲍曼不动杆菌对大多数抗菌素耐药率逐年上升,耐药率最高的抗菌素是氨曲南,头孢西丁,安美汀,耐药率最低的抗菌药是亚胺培南,多粘菌素B及头孢吡肟。结论鲍曼不动杆蓖为院内感染的主要病原菌之一,临床医师应了解本地区的药敏,以正确选用抗菌素

无创通气治疗重度支气管哮喘对动脉血气的影响

目的　研究无创通气在重度支气管哮喘治疗中对动脉血气中酸碱度(pH)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2 )、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2 )的影响。　方法　将36例重度支气管哮喘患者随机分为两组,即药物治疗组(对照组)和无创通气+药物治疗组(无创通气组) ,各18例。比较治疗3d后两组pH、PaO2 和PaCO2 变化,监测平均动脉压(ABPM)、心率(HR)和呼吸(R)。　结果　无创通气组在治疗后pH、PaO2 值升高和PaCO2 、ABPM、R值降低,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　无创通气在重度支气管哮喘治疗中可改善血气状况

无创通气在中重度支气管哮喘治疗中对动脉血气及肺功能的影响

目的　研究无创通气在中、重度支气管哮喘发作治疗时 ,对 PH、Pa O2 、Pa CO2 及 PEF、FEV1%的影响。方法　将 36例中重度支气管哮喘患者随机分为两组 ,即药物治疗组 (对照组 )和无创通气 +药物治疗组 (实验组 ) ,每组各 18例 ,比较治疗 3天后 ,两组动脉血气分析中的 PH、Pa O2 和 Pa CO2 变化及治疗 6天后两组肺功能中FEV1%和 PEF的改变。结果　实验组在治疗后 PH、Pa O2 值升高和 Pa CO2 值降低较对照组显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。实验组在治疗后 FEV1%和 PEF值的提高较对照组显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　无创通气在中、重度支气管哮喘治疗中可改善血气分析及肺功能

Endoscopic Vision Augmentation Using Multiscale Bilateral-Weighted Retinex for Robotic Surgery

医疗机器人手术视觉是微创外科手术成功与否的关键所在。由于手术器械医学电子内镜自身内在的局限性，导致了手术视野不清晰、光照不均、多烟雾等诸多问题，使得外科医生无法准确快速感知与识别人体内部器官中的神经血管以及病灶位置等结构信息，这无疑增加了手术风险和手术时间。针对这些手术视觉问题，本论文提出了一种基于双边滤波权重分析的多尺度Retinex模型方法，对达芬奇医疗机器人手术过程中所采集到的病患视频进行处理与分析。经过外科医生对实验结果的主观评价，一致认为该方法能够大幅度地增强手术视野质量；同时客观评价实验结果表明本论文所提出方法优于目前计算机视觉领域内的图像增强与恢复方法。 厦门大学信息科学与技术学院计算机科学系罗雄彪教授为本文第一作者。【Abstract】Endoscopic vision plays a significant role in minimally invasive surgical procedures. The visibility and maintenance of such direct in-situ vision is paramount not only for safety by preventing inadvertent injury, but also to improve precision and reduce operating time. Unfortunately, endoscopic vision is unavoidably degraded due to illumination variations during surgery. This work aims to restore or augment such degraded visualization and quantitatively evaluate it during robotic surgery. A multiscale bilateral-weighted retinex method is proposed to remove non-uniform and highly directional illumination and enhance surgical vision, while an objective noreference image visibility assessment method is defined in terms of sharpness, naturalness, and contrast, to quantitatively and objectively evaluate endoscopic visualization on surgical video sequences. The methods were validated on surgical data, with the experimental results showing that our method outperforms existent retinex approaches. In particular, the combined visibility was improved from 0.81 to 1.06, while three surgeons generally agreed that the results were restored with much better visibility.The authors thank the assistance of Dr. Stephen Pautler for facilitating the data acquisition, Dr. A. Jonathan McLeod and Dr.Uditha Jayarathne for helpful discussions

Propagada of control and preventing air pollution caused from joss paper burning in Nantou County, 2006

本計畫係針對南投縣境內之廟宇等紙錢燃燒量較大的場址進行紙錢集中燃燒或減量燃燒之宣導，並透過下列措施，期能減少紙錢燃燒所產生之污染物排放量：(一)對廟宇及其附近民眾進行問卷調查，以瞭解民眾之紙錢燃燒行為並宣導減燒或不燒紙錢之觀念；(二)對境內具代表性之廟宇進行紙錢燃燒污染防制措施之輔導；(三)舉辦紙錢集中燃燒宣導會；(四)針對紙錢燃燒現址進行採樣，以瞭解其對於周界之影響。研究結果發現，多數廟宇及其附近居民皆能感受到因紙錢燃燒行為所帶來的生活環境品質或健康等層面的影響。然而，基於對傳統民俗的尊重，多數人仍表示可以忍受，但對於環保局若推動集中燃燒或減量燃燒等政策則多表示支持。至於露天燃燒或金爐燃燒紙錢所產生的污染物，根據檢測結果發現，八處次所測得之濃度皆明顯受到紙錢燃燒量、風速風向、紙錢堆積與攪拌情形等因素的影響；但整體而言，因燃燒不完全所排放的PAHs及CO皆遠較背景值高出數十倍至數千倍。此外，經輔導結果得知，廟宇未設置空氣污染防制的專則人員以及紙錢燃燒量變動性高等因子，皆為影響空氣污染防制設備使用效率的主要因素。The main goal of this study is to propagandize the temples in Nantou County the policies of reducing the amount of joss paper burning and/or gathering the joss paper then burning in incinerators or furnaces well-equipped with pollution control facilities. Hundreds of questionnaires were investigated for both the public and temples to preliminarily find out the impacts of joss paper burning on the neighborhoods of temples. Several air samples from the joss paper burning sites were also collected and analyzed. The results show that most of the public and temples are aware of the influences of joss paper burning on the quality of living environment and human health. However, most of the public still can tolerate such influences due to the religious considerations, and are also willing to support the policies of reducing or gathering-burning joss paper. With regard to the air pollutants generated by joss paper burning, the concentrations of all of the eight air samples were significantly affected by the following factors: the amount of paper burning, wind speed and direction, the burning rate of joss paper and the stir situation of the joss paper stack. In general, the emissions of PAHs and CO at the burning sites are higher than those of background site with tens to thousands times of magnitudes

Mixed criticality scheduling for industrial wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used in industrial systems. Their real-time performance and reliability are fundamental to industrial production. Many works have studied the two aspects, but only focus on single criticality WSNs. Mixed criticality requirements exist in many advanced applications in which different data flows have different levels of importance (or criticality). In this paper, first, we propose a scheduling algorithm, which guarantees the real-time performance and reliability requirements of data flows with different levels of criticality. The algorithm supports centralized optimization and adaptive adjustment. It is able to improve both the scheduling performance and flexibility. Then, we provide the schedulability test through rigorous theoretical analysis. We conduct extensive simulations, and the results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling algorithm and analysis significantly outperform existing ones