Ototoxicity of aminoglycosides correlated with their action on monomolecular films of polyphosphoinositides

The ototoxicities of eight aminoglycoside antibiotics and fragments were measured quantitatively by cochlear perfusion in the guinea pig. Perilymphatic spaces were perfused for 1 hr with `artificial perilymph' containing 10 mM drug, during which time continuous measurements of cochlear microphonic potentials were made. Kanamycin B and neomycin B caused the most rapid decline of cochlear microphonic potentials, followed by gentamicin C1a ~- ribostamicin > kanamycin A ~ G-418. Neamine and methylneobiosamine did not show significant effects. The same drugs were tested for their interaction with monomolecular films of polyphosphoinositides, and relative binding constants were determined. Neomycin B and kanamycin B had the highest affinities to the lipids, followed by the other drugs in the order as seen for toxicity. The correlation between the in situ and in vitro actions of the drugs was r = 0.9. These results support the hypothesis that binding to polyphosphoinositides plays an important role in the decrease of the cochlear microphonic potentials. Furthermore, the good correlation between the drug actions in the two test systems suggests that an in vitro assay may be possible for the assessment of aminoglycoside ototoxicity.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23315/1/0000254.pd

Die Auflösung von Versammlungen

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wann die zuständige Behörde eine Versammlung aufzulösen hat und geht insbesondere auf die Auflösungsvoraussetzungen des Versammlungsgesetz 1953 ein.eingereicht von Philipp VoldrichUniversität Linz, Diplomarbeit, 2019(VLID)356411

Sustainable Food Supply:Combining Performance Measures and Operational Risk

In the context of a growing world population, the fundamental need for foodstuff makes a sustainable management of the food supply an imperative. Sustainability issues in the food supply chain range from responsible use of limited resources, safe and secure food supply, minimizing food waste, while maintaining economic interests of each player. A novel ap- proach is presented integrating Processing Time, Cost and Operational Risk (PTCORk1) in one quantitative model. It allows for designing Pareto optimal monitoring systems. In a com- parative study, exact and (meta) heuristic methods are compared for best performance. The study with real-world data from an international food company is based on a common and widely consumed foodstuff with typical sustainable food supply chain challenges. Results are thus generalizable to other value chains in the food industry. It provides novel understanding of the seeming contradiction between Processing Time & Cost (PTC) and Operational Risk (ORk). On the system level, the efficient frontier reveals a quantified non-linear relationship. Within the monitoring system the relative contribution of each monitoring activity to the objective function shows a saturation effect enabling practicioners to identify critical monitor- ing activities and engage in step-by-step optimization. Evidence is presented that favorable solutions reveal potential for equidistribution of operational risks and time- and cost-efficient risk allocation. The advantages of a multi-objective approach are compared to either single objective approach. Away from conflicting formulations of minimal operational risk, process- ing time and cost, the approach fosters a more differentiated and quantifiable understanding of the relationship of processing time, cost and operational risk enabeling decision makes to formulate advantageous trade-offs. Optimized scenarios are tested for robustness and potential multiplicatory effects by numerical simulation of a connected dynamic supply chain environment. The approach provides valuable insights for practitioners and enables specific actions for a sustainable and competitive food supply

NACA Technical Notes

"A series of tests were made for the purposes of establishing the effects of several variables in welding technique on the fatigue strength of arc-welded joints in SAE 4130 seamless steel tubing. The variables included type of electrode, speed of welding, current, position, amount of preheat, and other factors which in turn controlled the weld contour, penetration, and depth of the heat-affected zone. A range of joint design was also investigated" (p. 1)

Food supply tomorrow: combining performance & operational risk?

The food industry is facing increasing pressures with issues of food safety, waste and sustainable development for a growing population, while using limited resources. We propose a methodology that combines processing time and cost(PTC) with operational risk (ORk) to address these challenges while considering economic interest of each player in the supply chain. Quantified evidence from a global food company is presented, which shows that the joint analysis of PTC and ORk, in contrast to each single objective approach, results in tangible insights for actual practice. The step-by-step optimization enables each player to reconfigure its activities for competitive advantage

Competitive and timely food supply combined with operational risk

The food industry is facing increasing pressures with issues of food safety, waste and sustainable development for a growing population, while using limited resources. We propose a methodology that combines processing time and cost (PTC) with operational risk (ORk) to address these challenges while considering economic interest of each player in the supply chain environment. Quantitative results from a global food company are presented, which show that the joint analysis of PTC and ORk, in contrast with each of the single objective approaches, result in quantifiable, tangible insights for actual practice. The step-by-step optimization enables each player to reconfigure its activities for competitive advantage