Ethical and legal aspects of religious assistance in psychiatric hospitals

assistência religiosa a pacientes com transtornos psiquiátricos graves internados é um problema pouco discutido entre psiquiatras. Aspectos legais asseguram o direito à assistência religiosa aos pacientes, no entanto alguns aspectos específicos conduzem a reflexão e cautela em determinadas situações. Assim, objetiva-se com o presente trabalho discutir os aspectos éticos, legais e científicos da assistência religiosa em hospitais psiquiátricos. Serão abordados também alguns comentários sobre os conceitos de autonomia, beneficência e não maleficência, contidos nos princípios bioéticos. Ao final, é apresentada a experiência do Hospital João Evangelista na abordagem de tais casos. Como conclusão, situações de conflito ético e legal podem surgir, pois os pacientes têm direito a receber assistência religiosa, porém podem apresentar manifestações psicopatológicas que poderiam levar a prejuízo de seu quadro clínico diante da abordagem religiosa. A orientação dos familiares e as relações entre hospital, médico, paciente e família são essenciais para a resolução de tais conflitos.The religious assistance to inpatients with severe psychiatric disorders is a problem rarely discussed among psychiatrists. Legal aspects ensure the right to religious assistance to such patients, although some specific aspects lead to reflection and caution in certain situations. Thus, the main of the work is to discuss ethical, legal, scientific and religious aspects of religious assistance in psychiatric hospitals. It will also address some comments on the concepts of autonomy, beneficence and nonmaleficence, contained in bioethical principles. Finally, it will be presented the experience of the João Evangelista Hospital approach on such cases. In conclusion, ethical and legal conflicts can appear because patients have the right to receive a religious attendance. However, in some conditions, this assistance could lead to a worse in patient’s clinical status. Family orientation and doctor-patient-hospital relationship are essential to resolve these conflicts

The role of genetics in alcohol dependence

In this article we examined the heritability of alcohol dependence. A review of family, twin and adoption studies, allowed us to support the thesis of an important genetic component in this dependence. The transmission of this heritability occurs through a biological vulnerability associated to environmental factors, in a model called epigenetic. We also discussed the relationship between biological vulnerability and high-risk phenotypes for alcohol dependence. In the end, we briefly comment on the molecular genetic studies associated with this disorder.Este artigo procura examinar a questão da herdabilidade na dependência do álcool. Através da revisão de estudos em famílias, em gêmeos e de adoção, encontramos evidências para afirmar a importância dos fatores genéticos na transmissão da vulnerabilidade a esta dependência. Essa transmissão pode ser melhor compreendida através de um modelo epigenético de desenvolvimento do transtorno, no qual condições biológicas hereditárias associem-se a situações ambientais ao longo da vida para a produção da dependência. Neste artigo, apresentamos essas condições biológicas intermediárias vinculadas ao alto risco para dependência do álcool. Por fim, descrevemos os estudos moleculares que vêm estabelecendo associações entre polimorfismos e a dependência do álcool, com relevo para o sistema dopaminérgico.UNIFESP Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasFMUSP HC Instituto de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasSciEL

Estilização de gênero e ideologias linguísticas

Este artigo discute sobre as conexões teóricas entre estilização de gênero e ideologias linguísticas. O conceito de estilização de gênero parte da teoria de gênero de Judith Butler (2019) sobre estilização do corpo e as definições de ideologias linguísticas são dadas por Judith Irvine (1989), Jan Blommaert (2014) e Deborah Cameron (2014). O objetivo principal é compreender como as ideologias linguísticas atuam na estilização de gênero para produzir e legitimar diferenças de gênero. Além disso, o artigo procura mostrar a utilidade de alinhavar os estudos sobre esses dois fenômenos para o campo da Linguística Feminista. As discussões fundamentam-se nas teorizações sobre ideologias linguísticas e estilização de gênero, performatividade e atos de fala (AUSTIN, 1962) e distinção sexo/gênero (RUBIN, 1975). Há, ainda, um panorama dos estudos feministas e da Linguística Feminista antes e depois da virada performativa iniciada por Butler. O artigo mostra, em suas observações teóricas, que na rígida estrutura reguladora que constrói a estilização de gênero participam ativamente as ideologias linguísticas. Para mostrar a atuação desses fenômenos no contexto ocidental vigente, o artigo trata dos aspectos do novo biologismo (CAMERON, 2009; 2010; 2014), uma ideologia linguística com ares de cientificidade

Endophenotypes and serotonergic polymorphisms associated with treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder

OBJECTIVES: Approximately 40-60% of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients are nonresponsive to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Genetic markers associated with treatment response remain largely unknown. We aimed (1) to investigate a possible association of serotonergic polymorphisms in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and therapeutic response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and (2) to examine the relationship between these polymorphisms and endocrine response to intravenous citalopram challenge in responders and non-responders to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were classified as either responders or non-responders after long-term treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and both groups were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. The investigated genetic markers were the G861C polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 1D&#946; gene and the T102C and C516T polymorphisms of the serotonin receptor subtype 2A gene. RESULTS: The T allele of the serotonin receptor subtype 2A T102C polymorphism was more frequent among obsessive-compulsive disorder patients (responders and non-responders) than in the controls (p<0.01). The CC genotype of the serotonin receptor subtype 2A C516T polymorphism was more frequent among the non-responders than in the responders (p<0.01). The CC genotype of the serotonin receptor subtype 1D&#946; G681C polymorphism was associated with higher cortisol and prolactin responses to citalopram (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) and with a higher platelet-rich plasma serotonin concentration among the controls (p<0.05). However, this pattern was not observed in the non-responders with the same CC genotype after chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This CC homozygosity was not observed in the responders

Digitalização e a luta pela linguagem

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o cenário atual da comunicação digital a partir de e em direção a visões de linguagem que se mantenham atentas às transformações sociolinguísticas motivadas pela digitalização. Para isso, a partir de autoras/es como Blommaert (2008), boyd e Crawford (2012) e Brooker et al. (2016), conceituo e discuto brevemente sobre dois pontos importantes que influenciam os dados e análise das mais diversas pesquisas em Linguística, mas que são, com frequência, deixados em segundo plano: big data e affordance. Em seguida, argumento em favor de visões de linguagem que não sejam nem antropocêntricas, nem universalistas, e que contemplem o contato entre humano e digital, retomando as contribuições de Irvine (1996; 2017), Pratt (2013) e Martins e Viana (2019)

Phytochemical, nutraceutical and antioxidant studies of the aerial parts of Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae)

Introduction: Carrot is a rich source of anthocyanins, carotenoids, vitamins A, B and C. The aerial parts are used as livestock feed in some parts of Northern Nigeria with little or no scientific evidence of its nutritional potential. This study established the phytochemical, nutritional and antioxidant potentials of carrot aerial parts. Methods: The proximate and elemental analyses of the aerial parts were determined using Association of Official Analyst Chemist (AOAC) method and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method for quantification of antioxidant properties in the crude extracts. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed presence of steroid/triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in ethylacetate and methanol crude extracts. The proximate analysis revealed crude protein (14.59%), lipid (10.37%), fibre (9.07%), carbohydrate (51.81%), moisture (10.23%) and the ash content (12.99%). The aerial parts were rich in P (11.00 mg/L), Na (5.38 mg/L), Fe (3.19 mg/L), K (2.25 mg/L), Ca (2.02 mg/L), Mn (1.15 mg/L), Mg (1.02 mg/L), As (0.83 mg/L), Se (0.40 mg/L), Zn (0.26 mg/L), Cu (0.13 mg/L), Cd (-0.02 mg/L), Cr (0.02 mg/L), Ni (0.17 mg/L) and Pb (0.04 mg/L). The antioxidant activity showed that ethylacetate and methanol extracts had EC50 of 86.89 ug/mL and 166.79 ug/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Daucus carota aerial parts are rich in nutritional compositions and may be used as livestock feed supplements and also as vegetables for mankind. Its utilization could be incorporated in daily diets and boost food security in developing countries

Religious beliefs and alcohol control policies: a Brazilian nationwide study

Objective: The connection between lower alcohol use and religiousness has been extensively examined. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed how religion and religiousness influence public policies. The present study seeks to understand the influence of religious beliefs on attitudes toward alcohol use. Methods: A door-to-door, nationwide, multistage population-based survey was carried out. Self-reported religiousness, religious attendance, and attitudes toward use of alcohol policies (such as approval of public health interventions, attitudes about drinking and driving, and attitudes toward other alcohol problems and their harmful effects) were examined. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for confounders and to assess explanatory variables. Results: The sample was composed of 3,007 participants; 57.3% were female and mean age was 35.7 years. Religiousness was generally associated with more negative attitudes toward alcohol, such as limiting hours of sale (p < 0.01), not having alcohol available in corner shops (p < 0.01), prohibiting alcohol advertisements on TV (p < 0.01), raising the legal drinking age (p < 0.01), and raising taxes on alcohol (p < 0.05). Higher religious attendance was associated with less alcohol problems (OR: 0.61, 95%CI 0.40-0.91, p = 0.017), and self-reported religiousness was associated with less harmful effects of drinking (OR: 0.61, 95%CI 0.43-0.88, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Those with high levels of religiousness support more restrictive alcohol policies. These findings corroborate previous studies showing that religious people consume less alcohol and have fewer alcohol-related problems.Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Department of MedicineHospital João Evangelista (HOJE)Associação Médico-Espírita InternacionalDuke University Medical CenterUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PsychiatryUniversidade de São Paulo (USP) Department of PsychiatryUNIFESP, Department of PsychiatrySciEL

Heuristic algorithms for the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with one scarce additional resource

[EN] In this paper, we study the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with one scarce additional resource to minimise the maximum completion time of the jobs or makespan. Several heuristics are proposed following two strategies: the first one is based on the consideration of the resource constraint during the whole solution construction process. The second one starts from several assignment rules without considering the resource constraint, and repairs the non feasible assignments in order to obtain a feasible solution. Several computation experiments are carried out over an extensive benchmark. A comparative evaluation against previously proposed mathematical models and matheuristics (combination of mathematical models and heuristics) is carried out. From the results, we can conclude that our methods outperform the existing ones, and the second strategy performs better, especially for large instances. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, under the projects "SCHEYARD - Optimization of Scheduling Problems in Container Yards" (No. DPI2015-65895-R) and "OPTEMAC - Optimizacion de Procesos en Terminales Maritimas de Contenedores" (No. DPI2014-53665-P), all of them partially financed with FEDER funds. The authors are also partially supported by the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 731932 "Transforming Transport: Big Data Value in Mobility and Logistics". Interested readers can download contents from http://soa.iti.es, like the instances used and a software for generating further instances. Source codes are available upon justified request from the authors.Villa Juliá, MF.; Vallada Regalado, E.; Fanjul Peyró, L. (2018). Heuristic algorithms for the unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with one scarce additional resource. Expert Systems with Applications. 93:28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.09.054S28389