Miljöbedömning av olika behandlingsmetoder för organiskt hushållsavfall, slakteriavfall och flytgödsel

Organic material used for biogas production can also undergo other treatments. The emissions and impact from the different treatments are evaluated in this environmental assessment, with a focus on energy and climate. The materials included in the study are organic household waste, slaughterhouse waste and liquid manure. Other than biogas production, the possible treatments for organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste are incineration and composting, and for liquid manure storing and spreading. The analysis is based on data and information from current and relevant literature, and relates to the conditions in the Swedish energy system. To assess the environmental impact from the different treatments, seven of the sixteen environmental goals set by the Swedish government as a guide to nationwide environmental strategies are used. The analysis is done through a method that merges quantitative and qualitative information, as data is not always available. The conclusions from the study are that for all three of the studied materials, biogas production is the best treatment concerning energy and climate. Regarding organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste, the next best treatment is incineration and the poorest is composting. Liquid manure can only be treated with two different methods and therefore storing and spreading is the least preferable. Further studies are needed to make a complete environmental assessment concerning the goals that relate to other issues than energy and climate

Miljöbedömning av olika behandlingsmetoder för organiskt hushållsavfall, slakteriavfall och flytgödsel

Organic material used for biogas production can also undergo other treatments. The emissions and impact from the different treatments are evaluated in this environmental assessment, with a focus on energy and climate. The materials included in the study are organic household waste, slaughterhouse waste and liquid manure. Other than biogas production, the possible treatments for organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste are incineration and composting, and for liquid manure storing and spreading. The analysis is based on data and information from current and relevant literature, and relates to the conditions in the Swedish energy system. To assess the environmental impact from the different treatments, seven of the sixteen environmental goals set by the Swedish government as a guide to nationwide environmental strategies are used. The analysis is done through a method that merges quantitative and qualitative information, as data is not always available. The conclusions from the study are that for all three of the studied materials, biogas production is the best treatment concerning energy and climate. Regarding organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste, the next best treatment is incineration and the poorest is composting. Liquid manure can only be treated with two different methods and therefore storing and spreading is the least preferable. Further studies are needed to make a complete environmental assessment concerning the goals that relate to other issues than energy and climate

Miljöbedömning av olika behandlingsmetoder för organiskt hushållsavfall, slakteriavfall och flytgödsel

Organic material used for biogas production can also undergo other treatments. The emissions and impact from the different treatments are evaluated in this environmental assessment, with a focus on energy and climate. The materials included in the study are organic household waste, slaughterhouse waste and liquid manure. Other than biogas production, the possible treatments for organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste are incineration and composting, and for liquid manure storing and spreading. The analysis is based on data and information from current and relevant literature, and relates to the conditions in the Swedish energy system. To assess the environmental impact from the different treatments, seven of the sixteen environmental goals set by the Swedish government as a guide to nationwide environmental strategies are used. The analysis is done through a method that merges quantitative and qualitative information, as data is not always available. The conclusions from the study are that for all three of the studied materials, biogas production is the best treatment concerning energy and climate. Regarding organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste, the next best treatment is incineration and the poorest is composting. Liquid manure can only be treated with two different methods and therefore storing and spreading is the least preferable. Further studies are needed to make a complete environmental assessment concerning the goals that relate to other issues than energy and climate

Pain among women : Prospective population studies from a biopsychosocial perspective on pain

This thesis focuses on the role of different psychosocial factors in the course of pain over time in a general population sample of women in Sweden. The main aim was to identify and quantify such factors as predictors of pain, pain-related disability and quality of life within a biopsychosocial framework for the understanding of the pain experience over time.  The studies were based on baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU) measures with 12 months apart among 2,300 women living in Sweden, and included physical and psychological health and socio-economic status. Study I investigated associations between socio-economic status (SES) at baseline and pain and pain-related disability at follow-up, and additionally a possible mediating role of depressive symptoms in such associations. The results indicated that educational level, financial strain and occupational level were associated with pain over time. Symptoms of depression were related to all pain-and SES factors, and might be understood as a mediating factor within this context. The results of Study II showed a link between symptoms of burnout at baseline and several pain-locations. Additionally, among women with pain, the characteristics of the pain experience and pain-related disability were associated with level of burnout over time. Study III focused on the sub sample of women reporting pain at follow-up, and examined possible predictors of their perceptions of quality of life (QOL). Several psychosocial factors were associated with QOL, and seemed to be more important predictors than the characteristics of pain in terms of intensity and frequency. These factors were burnout, emotional distress, and social support. Study IV was an attempt to sum up the results of the previous studies by analysing predictors of the course of pain, i.e. by comparing women that developed pain from BL to FU with those that remained pain-free and to compare women with sustained pain with those who recovered from pain during the assessment period. These analyses showed symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) to be associated with reporting emerging pain, while pain variables, educational level and social support were related to sustained pain. The results of the four studies in this thesis indicate that psychosocial factors and their interplay with the characteristics of pain can be identified and described in a female sample, with a broad definition of pain, and that these factors play a central role in the experience of pain and its impact on the everyday life of these women. There may be several possible paths leading to the development of persistent pain among women and the identification of risk factors is complicated by never-ending interactions between biological, psychological and social processes. At an early stage, prior to pain development, several risk factors may cluster together (e.g. SES, depression), and work as indicators of, e.g. dysfunctional coping in relation to pain. In the first contact with health care and among primary care personnel the identification of such indicators is crucial so as to find women at risk for prolonged pain conditions. General indicators might then be more easily distinguishable than certain individual behaviour characteristics widely accepted as risk factors for pain and disability (e.g. fear-avoidance). To spread the knowledge of general factors in the first line of health care is therefore of great importance in preventive work. Finally, the results demonstrated that many women report pain with characteristics that to a great extent affect their lives and through interactions with psychological and social health might have grave consequences for perceptions of quality of life.

Ersängskolans förebyggande arbete mot droger

Ungdomars inställning till droger har ändrats de senaste åren och därför har vi funnit det intressant att ta reda på hur en skola jobbar förebyggande mot just droger. Vi ville få tips och idéer om hur vi kan skapa en god kontakt med ungdomar i de städer vi snart kommer att jobba i. På grund av arbetets storlek valde vi att avgränsa oss till en skola och utgick från skolan och fritidsgårdens syn på problemet. För att inhämta informationen intervjuade vi skolans rektor samt ansvarige på fritidsgården i området. Dessa intervjuer utgjorde grunden för vårat arbete. Vi kom fram till att skolan har ett bra förebyggande arbete mot droger som bygger på samarbete mellan skola, polis och socialtjänsten. Det ingår också regelbunden information till föräldrar. Vi fann det väldigt intressant och roligt att samarbete med polis finns, att det fungerar bra och att det är på initiativ från polismyndigheten

Vulvar Pain : Associations Between First-Time Vaginal Intercourse, Tampon Insertion and Later Experiences of Pain

This study examines associations between the first experience of vaginal intercourse/tampon insertion and later experiences of vulvar pain. The study is based on questionnaire-data from 1259 Swedish female senior high-schools students 18-22 years old. Of these, 592 women reported present vulvar pain. Present vulvar pain was associated with first-time experiences at vaginal intercourse (pain, negative experience, against will) and with pain at tampon insertion. First-time experiences were also related to temporal aspects of present vulvar pain during vaginal intercourse (at the beginning, after a while during and after). Implications of first-time experiences of vaginal intercourse for future symptoms of vulvar pain are discussed

Miljöbedömning av olika behandlingsmetoder för organiskt hushållsavfall, slakteriavfall och flytgödsel

Organic material used for biogas production can also undergo other treatments. The emissions and impact from the different treatments are evaluated in this environmental assessment, with a focus on energy and climate. The materials included in the study are organic household waste, slaughterhouse waste and liquid manure. Other than biogas production, the possible treatments for organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste are incineration and composting, and for liquid manure storing and spreading. The analysis is based on data and information from current and relevant literature, and relates to the conditions in the Swedish energy system. To assess the environmental impact from the different treatments, seven of the sixteen environmental goals set by the Swedish government as a guide to nationwide environmental strategies are used. The analysis is done through a method that merges quantitative and qualitative information, as data is not always available. The conclusions from the study are that for all three of the studied materials, biogas production is the best treatment concerning energy and climate. Regarding organic household waste and slaughterhouse waste, the next best treatment is incineration and the poorest is composting. Liquid manure can only be treated with two different methods and therefore storing and spreading is the least preferable. Further studies are needed to make a complete environmental assessment concerning the goals that relate to other issues than energy and climate

"Jag är en sån där som aldrig är sjuk" : en studie om friskfaktorer

Validerat; 20101217 (root