Comparative Study of Different Gill Net Mesh Sizes in the Exploitation of Bonga fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata) and Sardines (Sardinella eba) in Brass Coastal Waters, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

A comparative study of different gill net sizes in the exploitation of bonga (Ethmalosa fimbriata) and sardines (Sardinella eba) were conducted for 3 months between January and March 1998 in Brass River. The area is located between Latitude 4o 2" and 4 o 6 " and longitude 6 o 2 " and 6o 5" stretching from Akassa at the River mouth to Doukungbene near the upper edge of Clarendou. Three Mesh size of gill nets (35mm, 60mm and 70mm) were used for Bonga and Sardine fishing. The result obtained indicated that larger size classes of fish were obtained with the increase in mesh sizes of nets. In addition, marked variation in mean values (t test > t 0.05) and distribution ( w > P0.05) of the size classes were observed (for Ethmalosa fimbriata and Sardinella eba ) irrespective of the mesh sizes. Also the Principal component analysis (PCA) showed high selection for larger fish sizes (in the component weighting) in the catch, which were favoured by the bigger mesh sizes (70mm)

What Factors are Affecting the Underdevelopment of the Debt Capital Market in the GCC Region

For decades, the GCC countries have been dependent on an oil rentier economic model that supported its growth plans. Moreover, the region has enjoyed budget surpluses during that time and considered a net exporter of capital with its petrodollars. However, as the importance of oil as a source of energy diminishes, so does its value. After oil prices dropped over 75% within 20 months in 2014, the GCC countries faced substantial deficits. Consequently, the majority of GCC regions had to learn how to import capital and tap into the debt capital markets both conventional and Islamic. The present research has focused on academic and practical issues relating to the underdevelopment of the GCC debt capital market to establish itself as a viable source of funding both for sovereign and corporates borrowers. The study has adopted action research design to locate a model through which GCC can develop their debt capital market by examining market ecology, the process of persuasion and legitimation exploring organisational ecology and Institutional theory for sharper understanding of the motives. The impact and benefit on various debt capital market stakeholders in the GCC region as regulators, banks, investment companies, rating agencies, investors and the public are also investigated. Finally, a change plan, methodology and approach are recommended for development of the GCC debt capital market

Kajian Ekokritik terhadap Sepilihan Puisi Ibrahim Gibra

This paper aims to study the poetry of Ibrahim Gibra. Through the medium of poetry, Ibrahim Gibra conveyed his anxiety about the environment. The data in this study were sourced from the book Karang Menghimpun Bayi Kerapu (2019). The method used is descriptive qualitative. While the approach used is ecocriticism. Through this method and approach, this research succeeded in describing poetry as a medium for Gibra to express his anxiety about environmental damage. Gibra's childhood and career opportunities in the capital city of Jakarta even seem to give legitimacy to his anxiety. Childhood experiences and work that gave him enough space to travel to various cities in Indonesia gave the poet an opportunity to portray the reality. As a portraitist, Gibra has chosen a broad perspective to capture not only beauty, but also the inherent value as a result of the creation of beauty or the threat that is ready to rob it and replace it with disaster. For example, Jakarta is a magnet for many people and is considered the pinnacle of progress in the civilization of the Indonesian nation, seen by the poet with one eye. As someone who was born and grew up in a humble village, the poet, in his poems, has a longing to return home. The dictions used in his poems, especially the word “dew” which appears most often, seem to represent the longing for freshness, purity, and simplicity

Bahasa Sampah di Tempat Bukan Sampah (Kajian Sosiolinguistik)

This article aims to describe the phenomenon of using language in making a ban on throwing garbage by the people of Ternate. The prohibitions on throwing garbage in the form of boards or announcements are scattered in various locations in Ternate City. Data on this prohibition is limited to the community, not offices. Data collection is done by observing directly at locations where there is a prohibition on throwing garbage. Meanwhile, the data related to the public's views on the board or banner for the prohibition of throwing garbage was carried out in two ways, namely direct interviews and indirect interviews. Direct interviews were conducted by going directly to the community around the place where the boards or banners were installed. Meanwhile, indirect interviews were conducted by asking questions using the google form. This research can be said that the variety of language used in the board or ban on the prohibition of waste is a combination of formal and semi-formal variety, semi-formal variety, and non-formal variety. Language that uses swearing is included in the informal variety. Based on reference to language use, all notice boards prohibiting the disposal of garbage using animal references. Meanwhile, the cause of the emergence of a ban on throwing garbage is a long process of population growth which has an impact on increasing waste production, the availability of trash cans, behavior in disposing of garbage, until the emergence of language for garbage that is conveyed in the form of a board or banner prohibition of throwing garbage. Keywords: Variety of Languages, reference to language use for garbage, garbage rohibitio

Fin fish assemblage of the main channel of the lower Benue River, Nigeria

Fish species assemblage in the lower Benue River was assessed by collecting samples in 5 established sample stations within Benue state. Some physical and chemical parameters were also assessed. The mean values of the parameters recorded include; Temperature 24~?C, pH = 7.09, Alkalinity (Cac03) = (37 mg/l) Amonia (NH3) = (37.9 mg/I), C02= (9.5mg/I), Chloride (Nacl) = (12.8mg/I), Total hardness = (11mg/I), Dissolved oxygen (Do) = (11 mg/I), and Turbidity = (45cm). Forty eight (48) fish species belonging to 32 genera in 18 families were recorded. It was observed that the family Bagridae had the highest number of species (7, 15%) Mormyridae, Characidae and Mochokidae followed with 5 species (10.63%) each. Cyprinidae, Clariidae and Cichlidae had 8.51% with 4 species each. Citharinidae formed 6.38% with 3 species, while schilbeidae formed 4.25% (2 species). All other families had only one species recorded in it (2. 12%). Bagridae and clariidae dominated in station 1, while the family Mochokidae showed dominance in station 5. Family Ariidae, Gymnarchidae and Centropomidae were rare in the lower Benue River. There were no significant differences in the abundance of the fish species caught in the different stations. Among the stations also, the l1umber of fish caught during the seasons did not differ (p<0. 05). These physical and chemical factors did not significantly affect occurrence and even distribution offish in the study

investigation on the awareness of hepatitis B virus among health care workers in Nigeria

Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infective blood or body fluids. It is a major problem because it can cause chronic infection, resulting in cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and even death The main aim of the study was to investigate the Awareness of hepatitis B virus among health care workers at the Federal Medical Centre Asaba, Nigeria; to assess the attitude of health care workers’ vaccination against HBV; and to assess the barrier to predictors for effective hepatitis B virus among health care workers. Two-hundred and fifteen copies of questionnaire were distributed and 161 copies were retrieved, which shown overall response rate of 74.9%. The data was analyzed using SPSS and cross-tabulation, percentage and chi-square utilized. The results revealed that health care workers have poor knowledge of hepatitis B virus; the use of protective material appeared to be influenced by the perceived risk of transmission and majority indicating that overall practices towards hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention was good. Based on the finding, the study recommends that; there is a need to inform heath care workers (HCN) of the availability of an effecting, safe vaccine that prevent HBV. All health care facilities should have programs designed to minimize risk, including infection control programs; hepatitis B vaccine protocol should be available at each health care facility; and programs need to be implemented to identify HBV positive HCNs and transfer them for appropriate medical management for vaccination

Computing the Maximum using (min, +) Formulas

We study computation by formulas over (min,+). We consider the computation of max{x_1,...,x_n} over N as a difference of (min,+) formulas, and show that size n + n log n is sufficient and necessary. Our proof also shows that any (min,+) formula computing the minimum of all sums of n-1 out of n variables must have n log n leaves; this too is tight. Our proofs use a complexity measure for (min,+) functions based on minterm-like behaviour and on the entropy of an associated graph