Early Maladjustment Schemas in Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective. This study explored Early Maladjustment Schemas (EMSs) among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and examined potential moderating roles for gender, level of education, and occupation. Methods. The sample included 371 adult participants (120 patients with diabetes and 251 individuals without diabetes), from Shiraz City, Fars province; Iran. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) was used to assess early maladjustment schemas. Results. Findings showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher scores than controls on a number of EMSs, including abandonment, failure, vulnerability, enmeshment, self-sacrifice, entitlement, and insufficient self-control schemas as well as the over-vigilance and inhibition schematic domains. However, results did not support roles for gender, the level of education, and occupation on any of EMSs and schematic domains. Conclusions. Medical and health professionals may find these results helpful for assessment, treatment, and prevention goals in patients with type 2 diabetes

Evaluation of depression and anxiety in patients with thalassemia: a comparative study

Background: More studies in the field of thalassemia patients focus on medical treatment and less attention to the psychosocial problems aspect. Objective: The aim of this study was evaluation of depression and anxiety in these patients in Qazvin province. Methods: This case-control study has been conducted in Qods Hospital of Qazvin (2016). The study population included thalassemia major patients and control group were participating in this study (n=147 in each group). All subjects completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). In addition to clinical history, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of patients collected and analyzed using proper statistical methods independent t-test, chi-square test. Findings: Borderline abnormal (borderline case) and abnormal states of anxiety were reported 27.2% and 42.2% in case group compared with 22.4% and 6.8% in the control group (P<0.001). In addition, borderline and abnormal states of depression were significantly different in the case group than the control group (respectively 20.4% and 59.2% vs 24.5% and 12.9%, P<0.001). Among patients with thalassemia, depression and anxiety scores significantly were associated with noncompliance and iron chelation, marital status (single) and socioeconomic state (P<0.001). In addition, Moreover, in terms of depression individuals with diabetes, headaches and skin disorders significantly were higher scores of depression and in terms of anxiety individuals with low back pain, headaches and skin disorders were higher scores. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with thalassemia is considerable and related to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, so it is essential that psychiatric consultation systems created in thalassemia clinics of Qazvin province

اسپانچ ها

اسپانچ ه

Providing an early warning framework to identify, assess and control human performance influencing factor in automotive industry

Background and aims: Accident root causes' analysis shows optimization of factors affecting performance has an essential role in reducing of accidents. These factors are dynamic and complex and they may also be dependent to each other. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the working environment is essential. The main objective of this study was to propose a framework to control human performance influencing factors in a automotive industry in Iran. Methods: The present study provided an early warning model that predicts the risk factors affecting human performance. Since behavioral factors that are causing errors are complex in structure, FANP method was used for modeling. Using the proposed model, the potential risk of workplace determined before it leads to accidents and based on the type and level of risk and risk control measures was determined. The model was tested on two major projects in the car manufacturing industry. Results: The results show that the risk indexes in the first and second project are 0.391 and 0.197 respectively. Since the value of the index in the first project is greater than the amount authorized by the model so corrective action suggested in accordance with identified risk factors without stopping the system. Conclusion: The system can predict and assess the performance influencing factors as an early warning system. As a result, this system will lead to improved performance and enhanced safety

Effect of addition of Ondansetron or Magnesium to Lidocaine on duration of analgesia of intravenous regional anesthesia in elective upper extremities surgery: comparative study.

BackgroundThis study aimed at evaluating and comparing the effect of ondansetron and magnesium added to lidocaine on intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) in the surgery of upper extremity.Settings and design The current randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients considered as candidates for upper extremities surgery in Qazvin, Iran. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups. Group C only received 3 mg/kg lidocaine, group O lidocaine + 4 mg/kg ondansetron, and group M lidocaine + 7.5 mL magnesium sulfate 20%. Then, the sensory and motor blocks, tourniquet pain, the amount of administered extra fentanyl, pain intensity, and other parameters involved in analgesia were analyzed in the groups using the statistical tests.ResultsThe time for onset of sensory and motor blocks in group M was significantly shorter than the groups C and O (P &lt;0.05). In terms of the recovery time of sensory block, the time of group O was significantly longer than those of groups M and C (P &lt;0.05). The amount of administered extra fentanyl and tourniquet pain after block in groups O and M were significantly lower than those of group C (P&lt; 0.05). No significant difference was observed in postoperative pain and other features among the groups (P &gt;0.05).ConclusionMagnesium had more rapid effectiveness and ondansetron had prolonged postoperative analgesia. Although the induced analgesia relatively improved the intensity of pain, it failed to maintain its supremacy in postoperative pain. To obtain more conclusive results, further studies are required.BackgroundThis study aimed at evaluating and comparing the effect of ondansetron and magnesium added to lidocaine on intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) in the surgery of upper extremity.Settings and design The current randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients considered as candidates for upper extremities surgery in Qazvin, Iran. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups. Group C only received 3 mg/kg lidocaine, group O lidocaine + 4 mg/kg ondansetron, and group M lidocaine + 7.5 mL magnesium sulfate 20%. Then, the sensory and motor blocks, tourniquet pain, the amount of administered extra fentanyl, pain intensity, and other parameters involved in analgesia were analyzed in the groups using the statistical tests.ResultsThe time for onset of sensory and motor blocks in group M was significantly shorter than the groups C and O (P &lt;0.05). In terms of the recovery time of sensory block, the time of group O was significantly longer than those of groups M and C (P &lt;0.05). The amount of administered extra fentanyl and tourniquet pain after block in groups O and M were significantly lower than those of group C (P&lt; 0.05). No significant difference was observed in postoperative pain and other features among the groups (P &gt;0.05).ConclusionMagnesium had more rapid effectiveness and ondansetron had prolonged postoperative analgesia. Although the induced analgesia relatively improved the intensity of pain, it failed to maintain its supremacy in postoperative pain. To obtain more conclusive results, further studies are required

Relationship Between Upper Airway Ultrasound Parameters and Degree of Difficult Laryngoscopy for Endotracheal Intubation

Background Limited research has been conducted on the role of ultrasound in predicting difficult laryngoscopy (DL). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive values of upper airway ultrasound parameters for the degree of DL during intubation. Methods and Materials This observational-prospective study was performed on 120 patients requiring intubation during elective surgery. Initially, the degree of DL was assessed by the Mallampati Scale. The patients' neck circumference was then measured and recorded.&nbsp; Ultrasound was used to determine the Hyomental distance in the neutral position (HMDN) and in the head extension (HMDE), as well as tongue width (TW), tongue thickness (TT), oral cavity height ratio (OCH), the amount of soft tissue (ST), and the Tongue thickness-to-oral cavity height ratio (TT/OCH) was used. Afterward, the patients underwent general anesthesia and were intubated. The degree of difficult intubation was measured based on the Cormack-Lehane classification system, according to which the patients were divided into easy and difficult laryngoscopy groups. Finally, the effectiveness of the two methods of ultrasound and intubation was compared. Results The Cormack score and Mallampati class recorded intubation difficulty as 28.3% and 30.8%, respectively. According to the Cormack score, only the neck circumference was significantly associated with intubation difficulty (P = 0.002). In terms of Mallampati class, the neck circumference and HMDN, HMDE, TT, OCH, and ST were significantly associated with the degree of DL (P &lt;0.05). The predictive value of ultrasound parameters for the degree of DL was low based on both of the criteria (AUC &lt;0.7). Conclusion The results showed that although Mallampati class lacked the desirable accuracy, it provided a better predictive measure for the degree of DL during intubation compared to the Cormack score

ZnO quantum dots-graphene composites: Formation mechanism and enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange dye

The current study demonstrates homogenous decorating of zinc oxide quantum dots (QDs) onto graphene oxide (GO) surface via simple chemical method. The AFM image exhibited that the prepared graphene was 0.8 nm thick and hence practically monolayer. Average size of the ZnO QDs was estimated by transmission electron microscopy around 3 nm. Instrumental and chemical analyses demonstrated formation of a strong bond between ZnO QDs and GO, through C-O-Zn and C-Zn bridges. The UV-visible spectra displayed that the introduction of graphene sheets to ZnO QDs resulted in higher absorption intensity of UV as well as widening of adsorption window toward visible light for ZnO-Graphene due to chemical bond between ZnO QDS and graphene surface. Results showed that adding of graphene up to 30% can improve resistance of ZnO against acids however for keeping the activity of catalyst, the recommended pH is near neutral (pH approximate to 6-7.2). In addition, the presence of graphene on the surface of the ZnO could significantly suppress the photocorrosion effect. The ZnO-Graphene hybrids indicated enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange (MO) with the following order: ZnO-5% Graphene > ZnO-10% Graphene > ZnO QDs > ZnO30%-Graphene. This enhancement of photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the extended absorption of visible light, reducing of electronehole recombination rate, and adsorption of MO molecules onto the huge surface area of graphene, where they are kept at vicinity of ZnO for decomposition. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Study

Background: Living with diabetes and managing it can have substantial emotional burden on individuals. These changes might affect individuals’ lives in terms of stress and depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of stress and depression among diabetic women who referred to endocrine clinic of Qazvin in 2014. Methods: For this purpose, 250 patients (125 individuals suffering from diabetes and 125 individuals as a control group) participated in this study. All individuals completed the beck depression inventory and the cattell anxiety inventory. In addition to these, demographic and clinical records were collected from their medical records and were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Results: In terms of the Maximum of mild anxiety there were 52 diabetic individuals (41.6%) versus 69 individuals of the control group (55.2%); in terms of Moderate-severe anxiety there were 73 cases (58.4%) versus 56 patients (44.8%) (P value = 0.031). In studying the Maximum of mild depression, there were 43 patients (34.4%) versus 92 (73.6%); in terms of Moderate-severe depression, there were 82 patients (65.6%) versus 33 (26.4%) (P value=0.001). Ona closer examination among age, type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and insulin injections; only the duration of having diabetes was significantly associated with depression as one of the mental health variables. Conclusions: This study showed that anxiety and depression are significantly more common among diabetic patients in comparison to the control group in the city of Qazvin; therefore, it is necessary to develop primary care by a system based on the reaction, so that an effective treatment for mental health would take place and, ultimately, the impact of these interventions should be studied. Keywords: Mental Health, Anxiety, Depression, Diabete

Thermodynamic Prediction of Protein Neutrality

We present a simple theory that uses thermodynamic parameters to predict the probability that a protein retains the wildtype structure after one or more random amino acid substitutions. Our theory predicts that for large numbers of substitutions the probability that a protein retains its structure will decline exponentially with the number of substitutions, with the severity of this decline determined by properties of the structure. Our theory also predicts that a protein can gain extra robustness to the first few substitutions by increasing its thermodynamic stability. We validate our theory with simulations on lattice protein models and by showing that it quantitatively predicts previously published experimental measurements on subtilisin and our own measurements on variants of TEM1 beta-lactamase. Our work unifies observations about the clustering of functional proteins in sequence space, and provides a basis for interpreting the response of proteins to substitutions in protein engineering applications