College Football Games and Crime

There is a great deal of anecdotal evidence that college football games can lead to aggressive and destructive behavior by fans. However, to date, no empirical study has attempted to document the magnitude of this phenomenon. We match daily data on offenses from the NIBRS to 26 Division I-A college football programs in order to estimate the relationship between college football games and crime. Our results suggest that the host community registers sharp increases in assaults, vandalism, arrests for disorderly conduct, and arrests for alcohol-related offenses on game days. Upsets are associated with the largest increases in the number of expected offenses. These estimates are discussed in the context of psychological theories of fan aggression

Seaborne Empires and Hub Societies: Connectivity in Motion across the Indian Ocean World

In diesem Artikel wird die Welt des Indischen Ozeans als Referenz gewählt und eine Perspektive eingenommen, die vom Konzept der „Konnektivität in Bewegung“ ausgeht. Zunächst werden einige historische Varianten der Seeimperien (Portugiesen, Niederländer und Briten) betrachtet, um herkömmliche, terrazentrische Modelle des Staates zu hinterfragen und zu modifizieren. Die drei Hauptteile des Beitrags untersuchen die Insel Mauritius als „Hub“ und „Hub Society“ und stützen ein zentrales Argument für ein polyzentrischeres, gebrochenes und durchlässiges Modell. In drei miteinander verbundenen analytischen und empirischen Schritten wird zunächst die Außendimension des mauritischen Hubs untersucht. In den nächsten beiden Abschnitten wird auf die interne Dimension des „Hubbing“ eingegangen, zunächst in Bezug auf kollektive Identitäten und dann auf der Ebene individueller und familiärer Strategien. Abschließend werden die empirischen und historischen Daten, die in diesen drei Abschnitten präsentiert werden, unter Bezugnahme auf die diskutierten theoretischen und methodologischen Fragen analysiert. Eine entschiedenere Anerkennung der Mobilität und der maritimen Dimension der menschlichen „Konnektivität in Bewegung“ bietet neue Einsichten in die konventionellen Auffassungen von Staatlichkeit, Nation und Territorium – und, außerhalb von ausschließlich terrestrischen Ansätzen – der eurasischen Landmasse.This article takes the Indian Ocean world as a frame of reference and applies a perspective guided by the concept of “connectivity in motion”. It looks, to start with, at some historical paradigms of seaborne empires (Portuguese, Dutch and British) in order to question and modify conventional, terra-centric models of the state. Substantiating an argument in favor of a more polycentric, fractured and porous model, the three central sections of the paper investigate the island of Mauritius as a “hub” and “hub society”. In three interconnected analytical and empirical steps, first the external dimension of the Mauritian hub is scrutinized. The next two sections zoom in to focus on the internal dimension of “hubbing”, first with respect to collective identities, and then at the level of individual and family strategies. In conclusion, the empirical and historical data presented in these three sections are analyzed with reference to the theoretical and methodological issues raised earlier. It is argued that the more decisive recognition of mobility and of the maritime dimension of human “connectivity in motion” brings new insights into conventional notions of statehood, nation and territory – and of the Eurasian landmass, beyond exclusively terrestrial approaches

Obstacle Government. Education and Ecology - too important as to leave them with politicians

With Nicaragua as an example it will be shown, how GOVERNMENT is an obstacle to organic agriculture, environmental protection and to quality education as a condition for natures protection, food security and climate mitigation. Extension to allied governments, who foster the wrong and irresponsible course of the country's governments are mentioned. Vivid examples show how civil society initiatives pick up the reins, and just start to do the revolutionary changes

A systematic review of mathematics interventions for primary school students with intellectual disabilities

doi: 10.1080/08856257.2021.1943268ABSTRACTThis systematic review investigates the characteristics of effective mathematics interventions for students with intellectual disabilities (ID) age 5 to 12, focusing on early numeracy, arithmetic, and arithmetical problem solving skills. Twenty studies from 2008?2020 were reviewed: 17 had a single-subject design and three a group-comparison design. The studies included a total of 135 students with ID. Consistent with previous studies, the analysis showed that interventions with systematic and explicit instruction with feedback and the use of manipulatives are effective instructional approaches and strategies for students with ID. This study reveals that effective interventions are well-structured, high intensity learning sequences adapted to the students? achievement level. The intensity of an intervention requires careful consideration of the number of intervention sessions per week and their duration. Further studies should investigate which instructional strategy is most effective for each type of skill and the optimum intensity of interventions.This systematic review investigates the characteristics of effective mathematics interventions for students with intellectual disabilities (ID) age 5 to 12, focusing on early numeracy, arithmetic, and arithmetical problem solving skills. Twenty studies from 2008-2020 were reviewed: 17 had a single-subject design and three a group-comparison design. The studies included a total of 135 students with ID. Consistent with previous studies, the analysis showed that interventions with systematic and explicit instruction with feedback and the use of manipulatives are effective instructional approaches and strategies for students with ID. This study reveals that effective interventions are well-structured, high intensity learning sequences adapted to the students' achievement level. The intensity of an intervention requires careful consideration of the number of intervention sessions per week and their duration. Further studies should investigate which instructional strategy is most effective for each type of skill and the optimum intensity of interventions.Peer reviewe

Studienlandschaft Schwingbachtal: an out-door full-scale learning tool newly equipped with augmented reality

This paper addresses education and communication in hydrology and geosciences. Many approaches can be used, such as the well-known seminars, modelling exercises and practical field work but out-door learning in our discipline is a must, and this paper focuses on the recent development of a new out-door learning tool at the landscape scale. To facilitate improved teaching and hands-on experience, we designed the Studienlandschaft Schwingbachtal. Equipped with field instrumentation, education trails, and geocache, we now implemented an augmented reality App, adding virtual teaching objects on the real landscape. The App development is detailed, to serve as methodology for people wishing to implement such a tool. The resulting application, namely the Schwingbachtal App, is described as an example. We conclude that such an App is useful for communication and education purposes, making learning pleasant, and offering personalized options