Este es el Colmo

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Languages and Literature of Bard College

„Teine“ 21. sajandi Eesti identiteedipoliitikas näidendite „GEP“ ja „sugu: N“ näitel

Käesolev bakalaureusetöö uurib teisestamise mõju 21. sajandi Eesti identiteedipoliitikas ning selle avaldumist poliitilise teatri dramaturgias. Lähema vaatluse alla võetakse teisestamine rahvuse (ingl nationality), rahvusliku päritolu (ingl ethnicity) ja soo kontekstis. Autor defineerib teisestamist kui sümbioosi kuuluvusvajadusest ja gruppidevahelisest vastandusest, mis on mõlemad inimese minapildi ja maailmataju eluliselt olulised osad. Teisestamist ja identiteedipoliitikat on oluline uurida, kuna grupipõhine vastandumine on viimase 10 aasta jooksul üleilmselt populaarsemaks muutunud parempopulismi valguses tõusev tendents. Poliitiline teater kui ühiskonna kommenteerija ja peegeldaja võib anda rohkelt sisendit ja tõlgendusvõimalusi ka riiklikul tasandil – näiteks on teatril ka rahvusliku ja ajaloolise mälu kandja funktsioon, mis asetuvad globaliseeruvas maailmas üha suuremale pingeväljale. Töö on süntees teoreetilisest osast ning kvalitatiivsest analüüsist (mis sisaldab kodeerimist, juhtumipõhist ja juhtumiülest analüüsi). Lisaks on töö olemuselt interdistsiplinaarne, kuna kätkeb nii sotsiaal- kui ka humanitaarteaduslikke meetodeid. Autor näeb nii käesolevas uurimisteemas kui ka poliitilise kunsti uurimise kontekstis üldiselt senitäitmata potentsiaali ning kutsub üles sotsiopoliitilisi nähtusi poliitilise teatri kaudu akadeemilisel tasandil rohkem mõtestama. Töös analüüsitakse lavastuste „GEP ehk Garjatšije estonskije parni“ (2007, lav. Tiit Ojasoo, Teater NO99) ja „sugu: N“ (2015, dramaturg Maria Lee Liivak, lav. Priit Võigemast ja Henrik Kalmet, Vaba Lava) dramaturgiat – esimene neist käsitleb rahvuslikku identiteeti, teine vaatleb naise ühiskondlikku positsiooni ja argireaalsust. Analüüsi põhjal järeldab autor, et identiteedialane rõhumine ja teisestamine ei lahenda ühiskondlikke pingeid ega probleemide aluspõhjuseid – majanduslik ja sotsiaalne ebakindlus ühes ebaproportsionaalse vastutuskoormaga paneb vähemusgrupid end veelgi alaväärsemana ja lõksusolevamana tundma. Lahendusena pakub autor välja kaasava kommunikatsiooni ja vastastikuse empaatia väärtustamist ühiskondlikul tasandil

Evaluation of mean concentration and fluxes in turbulent flows by Lagrangian stochastic models

Forward and backward stochastic Lagrangian trajectory simulation methods for calculation of the mean concentration of scalars and their fluxes for sources arbitrarily distributed in space and time are constructed and justified. Generally, absorption of scalars by medium is taken into account. A special case of the source structure, when the scalar is generated by a plane source, say, located close to the ground, is treated. This practically interesting particular case is known in the literature as the footprint problem

Direct and Adjoint Monte Carlo Algorithms for the Footprint Problem

Lagrangian stochastic models and algorithms are constructed and justified for solving the footprint problem, namely, the problem of calculation of the mean concentration and the flux of particles at a fixed point released from a source arbitrarily situated in the space. The direct and adjoint Monte Carlo algorithms are suggested, and rigorous justifications are given. Two different backward trajectory algorithms are considered: Thomson's method and a method based on probabilistic representations of the relevant initial value problem. The cost of the latter algorithm may increase with time, but it allows to treat the general situation when a set of reacting species is scattered by the flow. Thomson's approach is extended to general stochastic differental equations which is especially usefull when it is desired to find a solution at a fixed point, and for large time instances

Emission fluxes and atmospheric degradation of monoterpenes above a boreal forest: Field measurements and modelling

The contribution of monoterpenes to aerosol formation processes within and above forests is not well understood. This is also true for the particle formation events observed during the BIOFOR campaigns in Hyytiälä, Finland. Therefore, the diurnal variation of the concentrations of several biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and selected oxidation products in the gas and particle phase were measured on selected days during the campaigns in Hyytiälä, Finland. α-pinene and Δ3-carene were found to represent the most important monoterpenes above the boreal forest. A clear vertical gradient of their concentrations was observed together with a change of the relative monoterpene composition with height. Based on concentration profile measurements of monoterpenes, their fluxes above the forest canopy were calculated using the gradient approach. Most of the time, the BVOC fluxes show a clear diurnal variation with a maximum around noon. The highest fluxes were observed for α-pinene with values up to 20 ng m−2 s−1 in summer time and almost 100 ng m−2 s−1 during the spring campaign. Furthermore, the main oxidation products from α-pinene, pinonaldehyde, and from β-pinene, nopinone, were detected in the atmosphere above the forest. In addition to these more volatile oxidation products, pinic and pinonic acid were identified in the particle phase in a concentration range between 1 and 4 ng m−3. Beside these direct measurement of known oxidation products, the chemical sink term in the flux calculations was used to estimate the amount of product formation of the major terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3-carene). A production rate of very low volatile oxidation products (e.g., multifunctional carboxylic) from ·OH- and O3-reaction of monoterpenes of about 1.3·104 molecules cm−3 s−1 was estimated for daylight conditions during summer time. Additionally, model calculations with the one-dimensional multilayer model CACHE were carried out to investigate the diurnal course of BVOC fluxes and chemical degradation of terpenes

Stochastic Lagrangian footprint calculations over a surface with an abrupt change of roughness height

Forward and backward stochastic Lagrangian trajectory simulation methods are developed to calculate the footprint and cumulative footprint functions of concentration and fluxes in the case when the ground surface has an abrupt change of the roughness height. The statistical characteristics to the stochastic model are extracted numerically from a closure model we developed for the atmospheric boundary layer. The flux footprint function is perturbed in comparison with the footprint function for surface without change in properties. The perturbation depends on the observation level as well as roughness change and distance from the observation point. It is concluded that the footprint function for horizontally homogeneous surface, widely used in estimation of sufficient fetch for measurements, can be seriously biased in many cases of practical importance