Communities of Practice in Design Research

AbstractBased on observed changes in design focus largely due to the widespread availability of technology, design research and its role in education and practice need to be newly situated. Design itself is taking on new challenges. Former requirements for legitimate teaching of design are called into question along with the vague classification and understanding of research generally, or in relation to design specifically. Research, theory, and practice are interrelated design elements; they are not isolated; together they can form the basis for developing more useful and specific communities of practice. Related research traditions or domains of interest provide scaffolding, critique, and clear communication for such communities. Design research, as an integral part of design education at all levels, requires its own curricular scaffolding. As more collaborative work is undertaken, designers need to understand other disciplinary approaches to research; their internal presumptions, accepted processes, assessments of validity, and limitations

A New Approach in Material Modeling Towards Shear Cutting of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics

In this paper, a new approach in material modeling related to shear cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is introduced. The aim is to formulate a phenomenological model accounting for the inner (micromechanical) processes which influence the cutting behavior and the quality of the cutting surface. This is required to make shear cutting of CFRP suitable for mass production like car manufacturing in terms of reduction of processing costs

Verbundanalyse im Einzelhandel auf der Grundlage von Kundenkarteninformationen

Der Handel steckt bei planerischen Entscheidungen häufig in einem Informationsdilemma. Unternehmenseigene Kundenkarten als neues Marketinginstrument können diesen Mangel beheben. Auch die Verbundforschung, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Sortimentsbereichen untersucht, kann dadurch weiterentwickelt werden. Bei über 4500 Kunden im Laufe eines Jahres erhobene Kauf- und Personendaten ermöglichen erstmals eine zeitraumorientierte Verbundanalyse. Grundlage dafür ist eine systematische Erfassung aller Einflußgrößen und eine exakte Operationalisierung. Aufbauend auf den ermittelten Verbundbeziehungen können Zielgruppen mit hoher Kaufverhaltensrelevanz anhand von Verbundkaufmustern gebildet werden. Für die Handelspraxis werden darHandelspraxis werden darüber hinaus Implikationen und Anwendungsbeispiele aufgezeigt

Modulation of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) with high-frequency heating during low solar illumination

Polar mesospheric summer echo (PMSE) formation is linked to charged dust/ice particles in the mesosphere. We investigate the modulation of PMSEs with radio waves based on measurements with EISCAT VHF radar and EISCAT heating facility during low solar illumination. The measurements were made in August 2018 and 2020 around 20:02 UT. Heating was operated in cycles with intervals of 48 s on and 168 s off. More than half of the observed heating cycles show a PMSE modulation with a decrease in PMSE when the heater is on and an increase when it is switched off again. The PMSE often increases beyond its initial strength. Less than half of the observed modulations have such an overshoot. The overshoots are small or nonexistent at strong PMSE, and they are not observed when the ionosphere is influenced by particle precipitation. We observe instances of very large overshoots at weak PMSE. PMSE modulation varies strongly from one cycle to the next, being highly variable on spatial scales smaller than a kilometer and timescales shorter than the timescales assumed for the variation in dust parameters. Average curves over several heating cycles are similar to the overshoot curves predicted by theory and observed previously. Some of the individual curves show stronger overshoots than reported in previous studies, and they exceed the values predicted by theory. A possible explanation is that the dust-charging conditions are different either because of the reduced solar illumination around midnight or because of long-term changes in ice particles in the mesosphere. We conclude that it is not possible to reliably derive the dust-charging parameters from the observed PMSE modulations

Verbundanalyse im Einzelhandel auf der Grundlage von Kundenkarteninformationen

Der Handel steckt bei planerischen Entscheidungen häufig in einem Informationsdilemma. Unternehmenseigene Kundenkarten als neues Marketinginstrument können diesen Mangel beheben. Auch die Verbundforschung, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Sortimentsbereichen untersucht, kann dadurch weiterentwickelt werden. Bei über 4500 Kunden im Laufe eines Jahres erhobene Kauf- und Personendaten ermöglichen erstmals eine zeitraumorientierte Verbundanalyse. Grundlage dafür ist eine systematische Erfassung aller Einflußgrößen und eine exakte Operationalisierung. Aufbauend auf den ermittelten Verbundbeziehungen können Zielgruppen mit hoher Kaufverhaltensrelevanz anhand von Verbundkaufmustern gebildet werden. Für die Handelspraxis werden darHandelspraxis werden darüber hinaus Implikationen und Anwendungsbeispiele aufgezeigt

Blindspots in Economics and Design: A Review of John Heskett’s Design and the Creation of Value

Blindspots in Economics and Design is a review of John Heskett’s Design and the Creation of Value (2017). Importantly, the book cogently examines five economic theories and presents diagrammatic interpretation of their foci, contrasts, and evolutions. Building on previous diagrams, a proposed Value Creation Theory visually locates design in the economic-business context. Blindspots are identified with reference to how design perceives economics, and the converse, how economics perceives design. Shortcomings in design education are discussed with regard to economics, business, and the rapidly changing technological context in which we live and work. Emerging economic theory that overlaps economics and psychology, behavioral economics, may offer insight and the possibility of collaborative investigation to more securely locate the economic contribution of design. Keywords: Economics and design, Economic theory, Value conflicts, Design education limitation