Paix, développement et droits de l'homme

The author begins by presenting the institutional effort for development accomplished by the United Nations, the European Council, the European Community as well as that resulting from the A.C.P. Lomé Accords and the Helsinki Accord. The author then situates the right to development in the third generation of Human Rights, which are those of collective rights and examines the very concept of the right to development including all of its social implications

The mechanism of iron binding processes in erionite fibres

Fibrous erionite-Na from Rome (Oregon, USA) was K-exchanged and characterized from the structural point of view. In addition, the modifications experienced after contact with a Fe(II) source were investigated for evaluating if the large potassium ions, blocking off nearly all the erionite cavity openings, might prevent the Fe(II) binding process, which is currently assumed to be one of the reasons of the toxicity of erionite. The K-exchanged sample had a 95% reduction of the BET surface area indicating that it behaves as a mesoporous material. Exchanged K is segregated at K2 and at OW sites commonly occupied by H2O. The latter K cations provide a relevant contribution to the reduction of the surface area. Surprisingly, despite the collapse of its surface area the sample preserves the tendency to bind Fe(II). Therefore, yet in the case of a peculiar and potentially hostile structural environment the Fe(II) ion-exchange process has essentially the same kinetics observed in a typical erionite sample. This is a clear evidence of the very limited effect of the chemical composition of erionite on the Fe(II) binding process and reasonably it does not play a significant role in its toxicity

Characterizing biochar as alternative sorbent for oil spill remediation

Biochar (BC) was characterized as a new carbonaceous material for the adsorption of toluene from water. The tested BC was produced from pine wood gasification, and its sorption ability was compared with that of more common carbonaceous materials such as activated carbon (AC). Both materials were characterized in terms of textural features and sorption abilities by kinetic and equilibrium tests. AC and BC showed high toluene removal from water. Kinetic tests demonstrated that BC is characterized by faster toluene removal than AC is. Textural features demonstrated that the porosity of AC is double that of BC. Nevertheless, equilibrium tests demonstrated that the sorption ability of BC is comparable with that of AC, so the materials' porosity is not the only parameter that drives toluene adsorption. The specific adsorption ability (mg sorbed m-2 of surface) of the BC is higher than that of AC: toluene is more highly sorbed onto the biochar surface. Biochar is furthermore obtained from biomaterial thermally treated for making energy; this also makes the use of BC economically and environmentally convenient compared with AC, which, as a manufactured material, must be obtained in selected conditions for this type of application. © 2017 The Author(s)

GPS Disciplined Oscillators for Traceability to the Italian Time Standard

The Istituo Elettrotecnico Nazionale (IEN) is one of the Italian primary institutes which is responsible for the accreditation of secondary laboratories belong to the national calibration system (SNT) established by law in 1991. The Times and Frequency Department that has accredited in this frame 14 calibration centers for frequency, performs also the remote calibration of their reference oscillators by means of different synchronization systems. The problem of establishing the traceability of the national time standard of the Global Positioning System (GPS) disciplined oscillators has been investigated and the results obtained are reported

The slowly variable star FY Lacertae

Photometric observations and analysis of FY Lac were performed in order to determine the variability characteristics, using measurements taken at Loiano site of Bologna Astronomical Observatory and AAVSO data. The star shows a Long Term variability with a preliminary period of about 274 +/- 28 days and photometric characteristics compatible with a red M5 III giant star, with a temperature of 3420 K degrees.Comment: 9 page

De la rencontre avec l’autre à la découverte de soi : réflexion littéraire autour de l’Afrique

Le matériau littéraire est un médiateur dans la rencontre et la découverte de l’altérité. Les romans de voyage sont une source riche du témoignage. Ce travail permet une réflexion large sur « la rencontre avec l’Autre et la découverte de Soi » dans le contexte spécifique de l’Afrique Noire du premier XX°siècle. Pour ce faire sont mis en correspondance des textes de L-F. Céline et K. Blixen qui ont séjourné en Afrique dans des périodes similaires. Trois grands thèmes sont abordés : la notion de vécu et de falsification littéraire, puis l’approche de l’Afrique dans les textes et enfin la rencontre avec l’Autre comme découverte de soi : parcours initiatique et quête des origines sous-tendent le séjour africain.Literature is a link between cultures through the discovery of Others. In that point of view, yhis work deals with such perspective where fiction and reality move one another. The littérature is meeting the evoked and described culture. So, our object is to enlarge that point of view in te specific context of Black Africa in the first part of the twentieth century. We compare several texts of L-F. Céline and K. Blixen : both have visite Africa, and published novels at the same time. This article is divided into three parts : first we will compare reality and fictions through letters and novels ; secondly, we will study Africa throughout these sources ; finally, we will analyse the encounter with Others and the self-discovery, initiatory way and quest of the origins

GPS-based CERN-LNGS time link for Borexino

We describe the design, the equipment, and the calibration of a new GPS based time link between CERN and the Borexino experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy. This system has been installed and operated in Borexino since March 2012, and used for a precise measurement of CNGS muon neutrinos speed in May 2012. The result of the measurement will be reported in a different letter.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure