Una imagen representativa del poder en Centroeuropa a finales del siglo XVI

5 páginas, 7 figuras.Peer reviewe

Los fondos de negativos de obras de arte del Instituto de Historia del CSIC

Actas de las Primeras Jornadas Imagen, Cultura y Tecnología celebradas del 1 al 5 de julio de 2002 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madri

La rosa de las solidaridades. Necesidades sociales y voluntariado en la Comunidad Valenciana. BANCAJA

Sin resume

Almost everywhere continuity of conditional expectations

A necessary and sufficient condition on a sequence $\{\mathfrak{A}_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ of $\sigma$-subalgebras that assures convergence almost every where of conditional expectations is given

La Biblioteca Nacional de España. Mobiliario y decoración del Palacio de Bibliotecas y Museos Nacionales en los años de su creación (1892-1896)

[EN] The building of the National Spanish Library lacked a historical analysis of its furnishing. The documental and artistic studies of its first period will be addressed here, as will be the criteria, designs and realizations of architect Antonio Ruiz de Salces for the creation of new spaces (such as the book storage, the reading room and the National History Archive), the adequacy of the furniture proceeding from previous headquarters, and the maintenance of this historical furniture.[ES] El edificio actual sede de la BNE carecía de un análisis histórico de su amueblamiento inicial. Se aborda aquí el estudio documental y artístico de su primera época, los criterios, diseños y realizaciones del arquitecto Antonio Ruiz de Salces en la creación de nuevos espacios: depósito de libros, sala de lectura, salas del Archivo Histórico Nacional, junto con la adecuación de muebles procedentes de sedes anteriores y la conservación actual del mobiliario histórico.Peer reviewe

Neural correlates of phonological, orthographic and semantic reading processing in dyslexia

Developmental dyslexia is one of the most prevalent learning disabilities, thought to be associated with dysfunction in the neural systems underlying typical reading acquisition. Neuroimaging research has shown that readers with dyslexia exhibit regional hypoactivation in left hemisphere reading nodes, relative to control counterparts. This evidence, however, comes from studies that have focused only on isolated aspects of reading. The present study aims to characterize left hemisphere regional hypoactivation in readers with dyslexia for the main processes involved in successful reading: phonological, orthographic and semantic. Forty-one participants performed a demanding reading task during MRI scanning. Results showed that readers with dyslexia exhibited hypoactivation associated with phonological processing in parietal regions; with orthographic processing in parietal regions, Broca's area, ventral occipitotemporal cortex and thalamus; and with semantic processing in angular gyrus and hippocampus. Stronger functional connectivity was observed for readers with dyslexia than for control readers 1) between the thalamus and the inferior parietal cortex/ventral occipitotemporal cortex during pseudoword reading; and, 2) between the hippocampus and the pars opercularis during word reading. These findings constitute the strongest evidence to date for the interplay between regional hypoactivation and functional connectivity in the main processes supporting reading in dyslexia. Keywords: Dyslexia, Reading, Hypoactivation, Functional connectivity, Thalamus, Hippocampu

How the human brain introspects about one's own episodes of cognitive control

Available online 8 November 2017.Metacognition refers to our capacity to reflect upon our experiences, thoughts and actions. Metacognition processes are linked to cognitive control functions that allow keeping our actions on-task. But it is unclear how the human brain builds an internal model of one's cognition and behaviour. We conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments in which brain activity was recorded ‘online’ as participants engaged in a memory-guided search task and then later ‘offline’ when participants introspected about their prior experience and cognitive states during performance. In Experiment 1 the memory cues were task-relevant while in Experiment 2 they were irrelevant. Across Experiments, the patterns of brain activity, including frontoparietal regions, were similar during on-task and introspection states. However the connectivity profile amongst frontoparietal areas was distinct during introspection and modulated by the relevance of the memory cues. Introspection was also characterized by increased temporal correlation between the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks and visual cortex. We suggest that memories of one's own experience during task performance are encoded in large-scale patterns of brain activity and that coupling between DMN and frontoparietal control networks may be crucial to build an internal model of one's behavioural performance.D.S. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), through the ’Severo Ochoa’ Programme for Centres/Units of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-490), and project grant PSI2016-76443-P which is also funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)

Memory suppression is an active process that improves over childhood

We all have memories that we prefer not to think about. The ability to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories has been documented in behavioral and neuroimaging research using the Think/No-Think (TNT) paradigm with adults. Attempts to stop memory retrieval are associated with increased activation of lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and concomitant reduced activation in medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. However, the extent to which children have the ability to actively suppress their memories is unknown. This study investigated memory suppression in middle childhood using the TNT paradigm. Forty children aged 8–12 and 30 young adults were instructed either to remember (Think) or suppress (No-Think) the memory of the second word of previously studied word-pairs, when presented with the first member as a reminder. They then performed two different cued recall tasks, testing their memory for the second word in each pair after the TNT phase using the same first studied word within the pair as a cue (intra-list cue) and also an independent cue (extra-list cue). Children exhibited age-related improvements in memory suppression from age 8 to 12 in both memory tests, against a backdrop of overall improvements in declarative memory over this age range. These findings suggest that memory suppression is an active process that develops during late childhood, likely due to an age-related refinement in the ability to engage PFC to down-regulate activity in areas involved in episodic retrieval.Supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Pedro M. Paz-Alonso), and NSF grants 0648564 (Simona Ghetti) and 0448844 (Silvia A. Bunge)