A Novel Energy Model for Renewable Energy-Enabled Cellular Networks Providing Ancillary Services to the Smart Grid

In this paper, we consider cellular networks powered by the smart grid (SG) and by local renewable energy (RE) sources. While this configuration promises energy savings, usage of cleaner energy, and cost reduction, it has some intrinsic complexity due to the interaction between the network operators and the SG. Motivated by the significant advancement in the SG, we consider the case where cellular networks provide the SG with ancillary services by replying to the grid's explicit requests to increase or decrease their grid consumption. We propose a new approach for configuring and operating base stations (BSs) to provide ancillary services. Based on real data, we model the energy state of a BS as a Markov chain taking into account the proposed energy management policy, randomness of SG requests, and RE generation. We use the model to evaluate the performance of the system, and to decide proper settings of its parameters in order to minimize the energy operational cost. The performance of our proposal is then compared against those of other approaches. Results show that important cost savings, with negligible degradation in quality of service, are possible when RE generation, SG patterns, and storage sizes are properly taken into account

The Impact of Varying of Structural & Formal Urban Types on the Coherence of Elements of Dense Urban Fabric

Planning for a city with human identity considers the needs of human being that exist in the traditional cities where it was so easy creating place there, on the other hand, modern cities refuse these values and reduce the human characters of urban fabric elements , and the searching for the concept of " Urban Coherence " considers the knowledge about urban theory, especially Morphological attitudes finding three sides of making the coherence of dense urban fabric which are " Functional Complementarily , Formal Complementarily , Contextual complementarily “and the differentiation of these sides within the variety of spatial structural patterns between the organic type of traditional city and the gridiron type of modern city. To approve the hypothesis of the research, the theoretical frame was

Error and Congestion Resilient Video Streaming over Broadband Wireless

In this paper, error resilience is achieved by adaptive, application-layer rateless channel coding, which is used to protect H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) codec data-partitioned videos. A packetization strategy is an effective tool to control error rates and, in the paper, source-coded data partitioning serves to allocate smaller packets to more important compressed video data. The scheme for doing this is applied to real-time streaming across a broadband wireless link. The advantages of rateless code rate adaptivity are then demonstrated in the paper. Because the data partitions of a video slice are each assigned to different network packets, in congestion-prone wireless networks the increased number of packets per slice and their size disparity may increase the packet loss rate from buffer overflows. As a form of congestion resilience, this paper recommends packet-size dependent scheduling as a relatively simple way of alleviating the buffer-overflow problem arising from data-partitioned packets. The paper also contributes an analysis of data partitioning and packet sizes as a prelude to considering scheduling regimes. The combination of adaptive channel coding and prioritized packetization for error resilience with packet-size dependent packet scheduling results in a robust streaming scheme specialized for broadband wireless and real-time streaming applications such as video conferencing, video telephony, and telemedicine

Réseaux cellulaires de cinquième génération ou 5G

International audienceRésumé La cinquième génération de réseaux sans fils cellulaires, plus simplement appelée 5G, ne devrait pas être disponible pour le grand public avant 2020. Cependant, la quantité d'innovations nécessaire et les enjeux financiers sous-jacents en font dès aujourd'hui un sujet majeur. Dans cet article, nous présentons le contexte et les services attendus de la 5G. En vue d'offrir ces services à des dizaines de milliards de terminaux, des travaux de recherche et de standardisation sont nécessaires. Un aperçu de ces travaux est donc inclus dans cet article. Nous présentons ensuite les évolutions technologiques pressenties pour la 5G, ainsi que des exemples d'architectures, qui commencent à faire consensus. L'article se termine sur les perspectives des chemins qui devraient nous mener jusqu'à la 5G

Association of power control and data rate selection in WCDMA

International audienceIn this paper, we study the interaction between power control and data rate selection in a wireless CDMA network. Specifically, third-generation cellular WCDMA system is considered. The criterion is the average of the sum of data rates in a variable rates services environment. Simulation results show that the association (or the integration) of power control and data rate selection allows a given network to have better achievable performance. Interesting elements of the proposed algorithm are highlighted and useful comments given.Association of power control and data rate selection in WCDM

Le contrôle de puissance dans l'UMTS

International audienceLe contrôle de puissance dans l'UMT

Least interference routing for wireless ad-hoc networks

International audienceLeast interference routing for wireless ad-hoc network