Rancang Bangun Mesin Pembuat Makaroni dengan Penggerak Motor Listrik 1 HP

Abstract - The advancement of technology in the modern era has significantly driven the adoption of machinery in the food industry to enhance production efficiency, product consistency, and cost-effectiveness. Among the various processed food products, macaroni—produced primarily from wheat flour—has gained popularity due to its unique texture, taste, and adaptability to various culinary applications. However, in Indonesia, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often rely on raw macaroni materials supplied by large manufacturers, which increases dependency and production costs. This study presents the design and development of a compact macaroni-making machine driven by a 1 HP electric motor, aimed specifically at empowering SMEs to produce macaroni independently. The machine is engineered to produce elbow-shaped macaroni and is capable of achieving a production rate of 23 kilograms per hour. The design methodology involves the calculation of required torque and rotational speed, selection of appropriate materials, and integration of essential components such as the extrusion barrel, screw conveyor, cutting mechanism, and a power transmission system using pulleys and belts. Performance evaluations were conducted to assess the mechanical reliability and production output of the machine. Results indicate that the machine performs consistently under continuous operation, with an average production output of 306.5 grams per minute. Additionally, a cost analysis reveals that the total machine fabrication cost is Rp 5,225,500, with a break-even point (BEP) achieved after processing approximately 1,520 kilograms of macaroni, equivalent to about 12 operational days. This innovation offers an accessible and affordable solution for SME players in the food processing sector, aiming to reduce dependency on large suppliers and improve production autonomy. The study concludes that the proposed machine can significantly contribute to enhancing the productivity and profitability of small-scale food industries. Keywords: macaroni making machine, 1 HP electric motor, extruder, small and medium industries

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ORDERING INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE SERVICE EFFICIENCY AT STUDIO PHOTO STUDIO 8

Studio 8 is a professional photo studio located in Kudus Regency, which has experienced a yearly increase in customer numbers. However, the current booking system still relies on manual communication via WhatsApp and scheduling through Excel spreadsheets, leading to inefficiencies in service operations. Slow schedule checking, potential data entry errors, and high dependency on admin staff are the main issues. This study aims to design and develop an information system for booking services to improve operational efficiency at Studio 8. The research uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The system is developed using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) waterfall model, which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance stages. The web-based application is built using PHP programming language and MySQL as the database. The result of this research is a booking information system that manages customer data, scheduling, photographers, and payment processes. Key features include customer account registration, online booking, payment validation, and structured reporting. The system supports three main user roles: admin, photographer, and customer. The implementation of this system successfully addresses operational challenges at Studio 8 and has a positive impact on time efficiency, data accuracy, and service quality. Therefore, this report delivers a fully functional information system ready for deployment and offers a digital solution for photography-based SMEs facing operational constraints

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEBISINGAN TERHADAP SISTEM SUARA AKUSTIK DENGAN EFEK SURROUND DAN TANPA EFEK SURROUND

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan kebisingan antara sistem suara akustik dengan efek surround dan tanpa efek surround. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengukuran kebisingan menggunakan Sound Level Meter pada jarak 1 hingga 10 meter dalam rentang frekuensi 20Hz hingga 20kHz. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dengan efek surround menghasilkan kebisingan lebih tinggi (-10.5 dB) pada frekuensi 3kHz hingga 10kHz akibat pemrosesan sinyal yang kompleks, sementara sistem tanpa efek surround lebih stabil dengan kebisingan lebih rendah (-22.9 dB). Sistem surround memberikan pengalaman mendengarkan yang lebih imersif tetapi rentan terhadap distorsi, sedangkan sistem tanpa surround lebih jernih namun kurang mampu menangani frekuensi bass rendah. Teknik seperti equalization (EQ) dan Mid/Side Processing diperlukan untuk mengontrol kebisingan pada sistem surround. Kesimpulannya, pemilihan sistem suara harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan, di mana sistem surround cocok untuk hiburan dan sistem tanpa surround lebih ideal untuk aplikasi yang memprioritaskan kejernihan suara asl

Evaluasi Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Dalam Mutu Pendidikan di SD Negeri 230 Palembang

This study aims to evaluate the improvement of teacher performance in enhancing the quality of education at SD Negeri 230 Palembang. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, supporting staff, as well as students and parents as additional informants. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that teachers' performance improvement still faces several challenges, such as a lack of effective supervision and limited innovation in teaching strategies. However, the principal's supervision plays a crucial role in supporting teacher performance through continuous guidance and evaluation. The study concludes that enhancing teacher performance can be achieved by optimizing the role of school leadership, providing professional training, and implementing adaptive and innovative teaching strategies, thereby contributing positively to the quality of education at SD Negeri 230 Palembang

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Lahan Sempit dengan Sistem Hidroponik dan Akuaponik melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

The lack of vacant land is one of the consequences of rapid urbanization. Hydroponic and aquaponic systems offer alternative farming methods that do not require large areas of land. By utilizing these systems, communities can optimize limited space to improve both their quality of life and economic well-being. However, the lack of knowledge about hydroponics and aquaponics remains a major obstacle in this effort. Therefore, educational outreach and community assistance were provided to the residents of Prambatan Kidul Village. This program resulted in the creation of a water filter for aquaponic ponds, which improved water quality, and a 50% increase in participants’ understanding of hydroponic and aquaponic farming systems.Minimanya lahan kosong merupakan salah satu akibat dari urbanisasi yang cepat. Hidroponik dan akuaponik merupakan sistem tanam yang dapat dilakukan tanpa membutuhkan lahan yang besar. Dengan pemanfaatan sistem hidroponik dan akuaponik untuk mengoptimalkan lahan sempit, masyarakat dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan ekonomi. Namun, kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai hidroponik dan akuaponik menjadi hambatan dalam upaya mengoptimalkan lahan sempit ini. Maka dari itu, diberikan edukasi dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat Desa Prambatan Kidul. Dari program ini dihasilkan filter air kolam akuaponik yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas air kolam akuponik serta dihasilkan 50% peningkatan pemahaman peserta mengenai sistem bercocok tanam hidroponik dan akuaponik

OPTIMALITAS PRODUKSI PERTANIAN OPEN FIELD MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA SIMPLEKS

This research is an application of the simplex algorithm in the agricultural sector. The variables of this study are the number of trees that must be planted from the following types of plants: servo tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum), bonanza corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt), red chili (Capsicum Annum L), purple eggplant (Solanum Melongena L), and kabocha pumpkin (Cucurbita Maxima L.). The objective function is how much maximum profit is known by knowing the profit parameters for each tree. At the same time, the constraint function is the limitation of resources including land area, water requirements, and production costs. This study aims to determine the optimum profit of open-field agricultural products as well as to find out how many trees should be planted in a planting season plan. This type of research is quantitative and uses data collection methods, namely observation and interviews. The optimization method used is a linear program with the simplex method with the help of the LINGO 19.0 application. The results of the study obtained a maximum profit of Rp. 76,422,000. This value is Rp 8,605,750 greater than the farm's planning. The optimal number of trees to be planted is 950 (tomatoes), 1250 (corn), 550 (red chili), 591 (eggplant), and 319 (pumpkin)

STRATEGI EFEKTIF BIMBINGAN KONSELING UNTUK MEMBANTU SISWA SD MENGATASI MASALAH BELAJAR

Learning problems experienced by elementary school students require appropriate intervention through effective guidance and counseling (BK) strategies. This study aims to identify the most effective BK strategies in helping elementary school students overcome learning difficulties. The method used is a literature study with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, which analyzes academic sources such as SINTA-accredited journals, scientific books, and peer-reviewed articles published in the last ten years (2015–2025). The subjects in this study were scientific documents relevant to BK strategies at the elementary school level. The data collection instrument was a literature review guide based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques with the stages of identification, categorization, synthesis of findings, and interpretation. The results of the study showed five main effective strategies: individual counseling, group counseling, collaboration with teachers and parents, development of learning skills, and a holistic approach. These strategies have been shown to improve students' academic understanding, social skills, learning efficiency, and reduce academic anxiety. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing comprehensive and evidence-based BK strategies to support the learning success of elementary school students

The Effectiveness of Using English Subtitled Video to Teach Vocabulary at SD Negeri 4 Troso Jepara

The use of appropriate media is one of the factors that influence the success of learning. English subtitled videos are media that combine audio and visuals to deliver material, making it easier for students to acquire new vocabulary. This research aims to determine whether the use of English subtitled videos makes a significant difference for students learning English vocabulary. Subtitled videos can be an alternative medium to teach vocabulary and should be commonly utilized in the current era due to technological advancements. This research uses a quantitative design with a onegroup pretest-posttest. The population consists of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 4 Troso Jepara in the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 27 students. The researcher employs saturation sampling. The research instrument is a test. To collect the data, the researcher conducts a pre-test, provides treatment, and administers a post-test. Data analysis includes a normality test, reliability test, and hypothesis test. The results show that using subtitled videos to teach vocabulary resulted in significantly different scores. The researcher applied the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to test the hypothesis. The p-value score is 0.001, which is lower than 0.05, indicating a significant difference. In conclusion, using subtitled videos to teach vocabulary has a significant impact. Subtitled videos capture students' interest and attention, improving their understanding of the material and aiding vocabulary acquisition

STUDI KOMPARATIF PERUMUSAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN ANTARA UNDANG-UNDANG TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK

 “Studi Komparatif Perumusan Tindak Pidana Pencabulan Antara Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak”, secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dan membandingkan persamaan dan perbedaan : 1) perumusan perbuatan; 2) perumusan pertanggungjawaban pidana; dan 3) perumusan pidana dalam tindak pidana pencabulan antara Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dengan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan perbandingan. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif analitis. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik studi pustaka, dengan melalui tahapan inventarisasi, identifikasi, dan klasifikasi bahan hukum. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan diolah secara kualitatif, untuk selanjutnya disusun sebagai skripsi yang bersifat ilmiah.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan perumusan perbuatan, pertanggungjawaban, dan pidana dalam tindak pidana pencabulan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak. Persamaan dalam segi perbuatan terletak pada perbuatan pokok dan beberapa jenis cara dalam melakukan perbuatan cabul, sedangkan perbedaannya terletak pada sistem perumusan perbuatan pokok dan beberapa jenis cara dalam melakukan perbuatan cabul. Persamaan berkenaan dengan sistem pertanggungjawaban pidananya terletak pada kesamaan untuk terpenuhinya unsur-unsur kesalahan secara kumulatif, yakni mampu bertanggungjawab, hubungan batin antara pembuat dan perbuatannya yang berbentuk kesengajaan, dan tidak adanya alasan penghapus pidana. Persamaan perumusan pidana dalam kedua undang-undang tersebut, terletak pada jenis sanksi dan beberapa ketentuan pemberatan, sedangkan untk perbedaanya terletak pada sistem perumusan jenis sanksi, berat-ringannya sanksi yang diancamkan, dan syarat pemberatan pidana

OPTIMALISASI SKEMA PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP GUNA MEWUJUDKAN KEMANDIRIAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah di Indonesia bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian fiskal daerah dan mendorong pembangunan berbasis potensi lokal. Namun, salah satu tantangan utama dalam implementasi otonomi daerah adalah tingginya ketergantungan fiskal pemerintah daerah terhadap transfer dari pemerintah pusat, dengan rata-rata ketergantungan mencapai 79,4%. Masalah ini terutama terlihat di wilayah timur Indonesia, seperti Papua, yang menunjukkan tingkat ketergantungan fiskal lebih dari 90%. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan anggaran, konsep Public-Private Partnership (PPP) atau Kerja Sama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU) menjadi solusi strategis. Melalui PPP, pemerintah daerah dapat bermitra dengan sektor swasta untuk memenuhi kebutuhan infrastruktur dan layanan publik, sekaligus mengurangi beban Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Studi kasus keberhasilan implementasi PPP di kota-kota seperti Makassar, Sidoarjo, Semarang, dan Surabaya menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi ini dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan memberikan manfaat sosial-ekonomi yang besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metodologi studi kasus, menganalisis ketergantungan keuangan pemerintah daerah terhadap pemerintah pusat dan mengeksplorasi PPP sebagai strategi pendanaan alternatif. Data dikumpulkan dari laporan resmi, literatur akademik, serta praktik terbaik dari berbagai daerah terpilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPP merupakan mekanisme yang efektif untuk memperkuat kemandirian fiskal daerah, meningkatkan pembangunan infrastruktur, dan memperbaiki layanan publik. Namun, masih terdapat beberapa tantangan, seperti lemahnya pengelolaan PAD, minimnya pemahaman terkait skema PPP di kalangan pemangku kepentingan, serta kompleksitas koordinasi antar lembaga. Untuk mengoptimalkan implementasi PPP, diperlukan langkah-langkah strategis seperti peningkatan kapasitas, perbaikan regulasi, dan peningkatan kolaborasi antara sektor publik dan swasta