Optimal economic and emission dispatch of photovoltaic integrated power system using firefly algorithm

The main purpose of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) is to determine the optimal output of generating units to meet the power demand at lowest possible cost and subjected to the operational constraints. Various ELD optimization methods have been developed in order to deal with the challenges of continuous and sustainable power at optimal cost. The deficiency of fossil fuel reserve and rapid increase of fuel prices to generate electricity has encouraged the use of Renewable Energy (RE). Furthermore, concerns over environmental pollution also become a factor to incorporate the RE and fossil fuel in generating electricity. This project propose the Firefly Algorithm (FA) to solve Economic and Emission Load Dispatch (EELD) problems that consists of photovoltaic systems. The FA algorithm is used to determine the optimal cost and emission levels of power generation. The test case considered in this project is Static Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch (SCEED) that been simulated for each hour. The test system with 6 units of thermal generator and 13 units of PV generator are used to optimize SCEED problem by using FA. The Weight Sum Method (WSM) approach is used to determine the best compromise solution among the cost and emission. It found that FA can provide the fast convergence in finding the global minima value. It can be concluded that FA can solve the problem of economic and emission dispatch accurately

The effect of chemical treatment, fibre length, fibre content and injection moulding parameters to uv irradiation resistance of oil palm fibre reinforced composites

There are many types of polymer used in engineering materials expose to UV irradiation, such as automotive parts (car body, bumper, dashboard etc.) which can cause material degradation. Some polymers are used in pure polymer and some of them in composite material. This study has investigated the composite material degradation. In this study, polypropylene was used as a matrix of the composite material samples, while oil palm fibre as reinforcement. The effect of the fibre length, fibre content, fibre treatment, coupling agent and injection moulding parameter to ultraviolet (UV) light resistance of this composite and also the optimum setting of them were investigated. The UV resistance was examined via the change of mechanical properties after UV exposured in the UV accelerated weathering tester. The Linear regression models were generated for tensile strength, strain at maximum stress, break stress, break strain and Charpy Impact strength based on six different UV exposure time i.e.: 0, 96, 336, 504, 1008, and 1512 hours. The significance of the regression models were tested by Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and verified by two expose time i.e: 168 and 672 hours. This study found that all of the mechanical properties decrease after UV irradiated. The largest property decrease was break strain of the samples, which was decrease in the range 44.54% to 79.21% after 1512 hours UV irradiated. The lowest decrease was break stress in the range 27.38 % to 63.82%. It was also found in this study that fibre content, and UV irradiation time, significantly affect all properties. Coupling agent and alkali treatment significantly affect all properties except strain at maximum stress. Whereas fibre length and injection moulding parameter only significantly affect the Impact strength of the specimens. All of the regression models are significant which are signed by the p value of each of regression models were lower than 0.05. The equation for predicting the lifetime of UV exposed of oil palm fibre reinforced composite have been generated. The lifetime UV irradiated specimen can be predicted using this equation

THE IMPLICATURE AND VIOLATION OF MAXIMS IN INDONESIAN ADVERTISEMENTS

We all know that advertising is a business in which language is used to persuade people to do things (e.g., buy some product) and / or believe things (believing that the value of the product is trustworthy or a good one). The phenomenon, however, is that we tend to doubtthe truth conditions of the advertisements. In other words, we do not take those ads seriously. We are not very affected emotionally yet we are just amused and regard them as entertaining fallacies (e.g. the “AXE” male perfume). Some reasons might verify this fact. However, this paper is just concerned with the language phenomenon existing in theadvertisement world. A common shared perspective on the advertisement language within Indonesian ads is, among others, bombastic, hyperbolic, and many times, irrational. Not the least, most of the ads have a similar tendency to “violate” the language as long as theproduct sells. Apparently, Indonesian ads are apt to employ indirect language(‘implicature’) in their emulating their own product and devaluing their competitor’s product (e.g. the then Yahama’s “Yang Lain Makin Ketinggalan”). Upon these intriguing facts, this paper attempts to highlight general features of Indonesian advertisements in termsof (1) the violation of Grice’s conversational maxims (rules and norms) and (2) implicature(extended meaning). Alternating a more ‘acceptable’ model of ads could be a by-product ofthis paper

Design System Fuel Inventory Control In Gas Stations With The Concept Of Min-Max Stock Level And Time Phased Order Point Case Study Gas Stations 44.501.01

The concept of supply chain inventory requirement has been widely used by companies to improve meeting the needs of its customers. Lost sales due to inventory shortage is an important thing to be avoided by the company. This research aims to build a inventory control system supplies fuel to the method of Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) web-based on gas stations in the area of Semarang. The method used for planning is the ordering of distribution requirements planning with the stage of determining the net requirements (netting), selection Lot (lotting), the timing of orders (offsetting) and the determination of gross requirements for next level (exploision). The Time Phased Order Point and min-max stock level Consept used for optimalitation needs Planning. Model Design of the system is using waterfall model which consists of system analysis, system design, system implementation and testing programs. The research design of this system is the ordering of the supply system can be used to support and improve inventory control at retail outlets. The results of testing the system states that the system developed to support inventory control, increased security at gas stations supply needs to be better and minimize losses orders. Keywords: Inventory Control; Needs Planning; Time Phased Order Point; Distribution Requirement Planning; Design system; Waterfall mode

THE LOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND MORAL VALUES OF CULTURE-BOUND JAVANESE UTTERANCES USING THE WORD “OJO” SEEN FROM ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW

This paper attempts to uncover the logical meaning and moral messages contained in several old Javanese wise-words that are seemingly contextual to the current state of oursocial engagement. This endeavor is enacted through the prism of anthropological linguisticsas it is posited closer to the cultural domain in which the language is employed. This actuallycan be seen from another sub-field of linguistics, sociolinguistics. So as to refrain fromoverlapping, a simple definition of anthropological linguistics is worth mentioning to reaffirmhat the discussion is on the right track. Anthropological linguistics (Foley, 2001) viewsanguage through the prism of the core anthropological concept, culture, and, as such, seekso unveil the meaning behind the use, misuse or non-use of language, its different forms,registers, and styles. It is an interpretative discipline at language to find culturalunderstandings. Substantially, this paper aims to revitalize the old wisdom phrased in theJavanese language which we are now apparently inclined to forget. Likewise, this means toscrutinize its typical language patterns mostly preceded by the word ―Ojo‖ such as OjoKagetan, Ojo Gumunan, Ojo Dumeh, etc. The three expressions, for instance, are veryrelevant to represent the current state of affairs which long for peacefulness, prosperity, andwisdom. The data of such kind are obtained from interview with the sample of twenty culturelliterate Javanese people chosen purposively. The data are analyzed based upon twofold:ogical meaning and moral values. Hence, the finding shows that Javanese language is worthmaintaining and developing constantly as it preserves invaluable treasure. It is the languagehat teaches not only what to say and how to say things but how to do things culturally wise

JAVANESE WOMEN’S BELIEF ABOUT RECOMMENDED AND UNRECOMMENDED FOODS AND DRINKS IN THE PREGNANCY AND POST PARTUM PERIOD

Background: Javanese women in Indonesia have different belief during pregnancy and postpartum. This belief was adopted because of the influence of cultures from their parents. Purpose: This study aims to determine the Javanese women's belief about recommended and un-recommended food or drink during pregnancy and postpartum period. Method: The research used qualitative design with in-depth interview and phenomenological approach. The samples were 4 women who have been pregnant and given birth. Results: This study has eight categories i.e recommended foods in the pregnancy, unrecommended foods in the pregnancy, recommended foods post partum period, unrecommended foods post partum period, recommended drinks in the pregnancy, unrecommended drinks in the pregnancy, recommended drinks post partum period, and unrecommended drinks post partum period. Javanese women believed that the recommended foods during pregnancy are rice, vegetables, fruit, and side-dishes. They must meet the demands of cravings (desire to eat) of certain foods when they want. The foods which are taboo or not recommended during pregnancy are durian, chili, fermented cassava, eel, pineapple, sugar cane, sweet meals, beef sate, catfish, shrimps, and plentiful hot and spicy foods. The foods recommended after childbirth are nutritious food, katu leaves, spinach, corn fritters, braised tofu and tempeh. The foods which are not recommended in postpartum are chili, spicy foods, hot and sour foods, egg and fish. Meanwhile, the drinks recommended during pregnancy are maternal milk, coconut water, water, herbal drink and honey mixed with chicken egg. The un-recommended drinks during pregnancy involve ice, herbs and sweet drinks, while the drinks recommended after childbirth are herbal drinks for breast milk production. In postpartum, women are not recommended to have iced drinks. Conclusion: Community nurses to provide services in accordance with its beliefs that are contrary to the concept of health and support the ones which are in line with it. Keywords: community nurses, pregnancy, postpartum, recommended foods, un-recommended drink

Kajian motivasi terhadap pelajar kolej vokasional dalam melaksanakan kerja-kerja kemahiran teknikal

Motivasi merupakan elemen psikologi yang amat penting sebagai penggerak kepada seseorang individu untuk melakukan sesuatu.Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengukur tahap dan mengenalpasti perbezaaan yang signifikan bagi motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik ke atas pelajar Kolej Vokasional Kluang dalam melaksanakan kerja-kerja kemahiran teknikal. Selain itu, kajian ini juga secara langsung dapat menyingkap sejauh mana sambutan pelajar lepasan Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) untuk mengikuti pengajian di kolej vokasional dan keberkesanan transformasi pendidikan melalui pengstrukturan semula sistem pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Vokasional kepada Kolej Vokasional. Seramai 148 pelajar Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) tahap 1 semester 2 Kolej Vokasional Kluang yang mengambil jurusan teknikal merangkumi 7 kursus pengajian dipilih sebagai respondan. Instrumen kajian menggunakan set borang soal selidik. Rekabentuk kajian adalah jenis kajian kes melalui pendekatan secara kuantitatif. Kajian ini melibatkan analisis statistik secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan perisian “Statistical Package for Science Social” (SPSS) versi 21. Keputusan analisis dapatan menunjukkan motivasi intrinsik pada tahap yang tinggi di mana nilai min bersamaan 4.28 yang merangkumi faktor-faktor seperti keperluan, minat, ingin tahu, dan keseronokan manakala motivasi ekstrinsik pada tahap yang sederhana iaitu nilai min 2.90 yang mana merangkumi faktor-faktor seperti ganjaran, tekanan sosial dan hukuman. Selain itu, keputusan mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik pelajar dalam melaksanakan kerja-kerja kemahiran teknikal mengikut jantina (intrinsik, =0.97, ekstrinsik, =0.23) dan kursus pengajian(intrinsik, =0.98, ekstrinsik, =0.50) yang mana ( > 0.05). Sebagai kesimpulannya, motivasi intrinsik lebih berpengaruh berbanding motivasi ekstrinsik kerana pelajar lebih didorong oleh faktor dalaman berbanding faktor luaran sebagai penggerak untuk melaksanakan kerja-kerja kemahiran teknikal

The implementation of sinusoidal PWM on single phase 5-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter

In the new millennium era of technology, modern industrial devices are mostly based on electronic devices that are very sensitive to harmonics. The needs for a free-harmonics and high rating power source is extremely increased in the past few years to meet the requirement from the industries. An inverter which converts DC power to AC power is one of the power electronic devices that have been in the researchers’ radar for further improvement to generate a clean power source. An inverter can be broadly classified into single level inverter and multilevel inverter. A multilevel inverter as compared to a single level inverter has advantages like minimum harmonics distortion and higher power output. An implementation of cascaded h-bridge topology and a sinusoidal pulse�width modulation, synthesize a higher quality output power especially with multilevel configuration

Performance study of automatic transmit power control (ATPC) in point to point microwave link for rain attenuation problem in Malaysia

Point-to-point microwave system is the backbone link for mobile communication industry as well as for other applications. In tropical region particularly in Malaysia, rain attenuation is the major constraint for implementing microwave system above 10GHz. The extreme of propagation channel environment due to rain has brought to the research and development of an automatic transmit power control (ATPC) in microwave transceiver. ATPC varies the transmit power level in order to maintain the receive signal level (RSL) above the threshold for biterror- rate (BER) desired. This research project will cover three main scope of study. First estimated calculation of rain attenuation on terrestrial point-to-point microwave link based on rain data captured. This will involve the understanding and computational of rain attenuation modeling equation by ITU-R recommendation using the Matlab software. Second is the basic concept and operational of ATPC applied in transceiver module of microwave link. Finally the experimental performance analysis of ATPC on actual microwave link install in Celcom microwave network. The performance will be measured on receive signal level on the actual system with ATPC option enable and disable for a certain period of time with realtime rain faded signa

Impact of foreign direct investment on poverty alleviation in Pakistan by using CGE model

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of FDI on poverty alleviation in Pakistan by using CGE model framework The First approach Micro simulation CGE approach which consists of using large number of FDI role in reducing the poverty in Pakistan. The second approach is simple household CGE model in which FDI role in household spending in Pakistan. Consequently this paper makes strong statements and tries to argue its case from the perspectives of the urban- poor. The positions taken and arguments made are not new and may be found in the current development literature. They are also not comprehensive and may be just one side of the coin. Other positions and arguments may be just as valid. Participants at the High-level Regional Meeting are encouraged to voice their views on the issues raised and approaches suggested in this paper during the various symposia. The both approaches systematic positive results FDI has significant role in reducing the urban poverty in Pakistan but in rural poverty is increasing day by day with no significant impact on the rural household. While the issue of poverty has been the direct or indirect focus of development initiatives in Asia and special in case of Pakistan were recently huge FDI investment has been taken place in 1992-07. The poverty has gained prominence only in the last two to three decades. Two basic “levels” or “types" of poverty are identified in the development literature: absolute poverty and relative poverty. The FDI has invested 2,096 million in 2006-07. It has general impact on the urban population. Due to the poor policies made by the government rural household is not getting benefit on it