KEDUDUKAN DAN PERANAN ARJUNA DALAM LAKON-LAKON WAYANG PURWA SURAKARTA

Abstract: In ancient time Arjuna was one of the Wayang Purwa’s dramatic characters that were loved by a greater part of Javanese people. The selection of this character was based on his attitude, behavior, and profile, which was appropriate as a model. Setting Arjuna a model may be seen in his role when he interacts with other characters in his position as a son, student, head of a family, brother, friend, and as a member of world society. Arjuna’s role in each of those positions is interconnected and integrative in establishing the main Arjuna’s role as a Brahim knight. As a Wisnu’s avatar, Arjuna’s role is to preserve peace, order and world balance. In performing his role, Arjuna observes the motto ‘sticking on pure heart under the umbrella of true spirit’. I order to follow this motto ; he always bears heneng (prudence), hening ( calm), hawas ( careful ), lane ling ( remember ) so that his action is always on the just and right tract, which is illuminated by the light of holly spirit

A New Myohaptic Instrument to Assess Wrist Motion Dynamically

The pathophysiological assessment of joint properties and voluntary motion in neurological patients remains a challenge. This is typically the case in cerebellar patients, who exhibit dysmetric movements due to the dysfunction of cerebellar circuitry. Several tools have been developed, but so far most of these tools have remained confined to laboratories, with a lack of standardization. We report on a new device which combines the use of electromyographic (EMG) sensors with haptic technology for the dynamic investigation of wrist properties. The instrument is composed of a drivetrain, a haptic controller and a signal acquisition unit. Angular accuracy is 0.00611 rad, nominal torque is 6 N·m, maximal rotation velocity is 34.907 rad/sec, with a range of motion of −1.0472 to +1.0472 rad. The inertia of the motor and handgrip is 0.004 kg·m2. This is the first standardized myohaptic instrument allowing the dynamic characterization of wrist properties, including under the condition of artificial damping. We show that cerebellar patients are unable to adapt EMG activities when faced with an increase in damping while performing fast reversal movements. The instrument allows the extraction of an electrophysiological signature of a cerebellar deficit

Binding Kinetics of Proteins at Immune-Cell Contacts

Protein-protein interactions are crucial in numerous cellular functions and biological processes that take place inside our body. It is therefore not surprising that these interactions also govern the response of our body´s defence mechanism, the so-called immune system, towards an infection. Understanding how proteins interact entails studying the binding affinity (strength) and the lifetime (duration) of the protein-protein interaction to better decompose how an immune response is initiated and how we can explore this knowledge to treat diseases. In this thesis, total internal fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) and single-molecule imaging were used to observe and characterize protein-functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) interacting with immune cells to obtain the binding kinetics of various protein-protein pairs.In the first part of this thesis, the interaction between the rat CD2 (rCD2) adhesion protein and its ligand rat CD48T92A (rCD48T92A), a high-affinity mutant of the wild type rat CD48, was used to establish a new method of obtaining single-cell binding affinities of T cells interacting with SLBs using imidazole titrations. The results showed a relatively small spread in the rCD2-rCD48T92A binding affinity values despite the considerable spread of receptor densities within the cell population. The lifetime of the rCD2/rCD48T92A interaction was also investigated using single-molecule imaging and tracking displaying a similarly small lifetime spread within the cell population. Using both these methods, the single-cell binding affinity and lifetime of the cell population can be investigated and their spread can provide information concealed withpopulation-average techniques.The second part of the thesis focused on the CD4 co-receptor whose role in initiating an immune response is ambiguous. Even though the CD4 co-receptor increases the sensitivity of T cell signalling manyfold, it binds to its ligand, peptide major histocompatibility complex II (pMHCII), with the lowest binding affinity known to this day. The CD4-MHC II interaction is so weak that adhesion molecules are needed to ensure a successful CD4-MHC II contact formation. For this reason, the influence of an adhesion molecule, rat CD2, on the obtained binding kinetics of the human CD4 co-receptor was initially examined showing that the accumulation of CD4 was influenced when having a high concentration of bound CD2 inside the cell-SLB contacts. Later, the studies focused on the CD4-TCR-MHC II ternary complex where it was demonstrated that the presence of L3-12 TCR strongly supported the CD4-MHC II interaction by increasing the local density of MHC II inside the cell-SLB contacts. However, the presence of TCR did not seem to significantly influence the specific affinity for CD4 to MHC II. Lastly, CD4 binding studies showed that the co-receptor did not noticeably affect the TCR-MHC II binding at physiological levels of hCD4 in the SLB

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN SELF-EFFICACY MATEMATIS SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF SETTING KOOPERATIF (PISK)

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan self-efficacy matematis antara siswa yang memperoleh model Pembelajaran Interaktif Setting Kooperatif (PISK) dengan siswa yang memperoleh Pembelajaran Langsung (PL), baik secara keseluruhan maupun ditinjau berdasarkan Kemampuan Awal Matematis (KAM) rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas VIII salah satu SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan Nonequivalent Pretes-Postes Control Group Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas kelas eksperimen yang memperoleh PISK dan kelas kontrol yang memperoleh PL dengan jumlah siswa 66 orang, yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan angket skala self-efficacy matematis siswa. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif, yang dilakukan dengan menguji perbedaan rata-rata n-gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas PISK lebih baik dibandingkan siswa kelas PL. Ditinjau berdasarkan KAM, peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas PISK dengan kelompok KAM yang bersesuaian (rendah, sedang dan tinggi) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang kelas PL. Secara keseluruhan, peningkatan skala self-efficacy matematis siswa kelas PISK lebih baik dibandingkan siswa kelas PL. Ditinjau berdasarkan KAM, hanya untuk kategori KAM sedang, peningkatan self-efficacy matematis siswa kelas PISK lebih baik dibandingkan siswa kelas PL.;--This study was aimed to analyze the differences of the improvement of critical thinking skills and mathematical self-efficacy between students who received interactive cooperative setting learning model (PISK) and students who received direct learning (PL), either by overall or reviewed based on low, medium and high mathematical early ability (KAM). This research was conducted in VIII grade of one of SMP Negeri in West Bandung regency. The research method was quasi experiment with Nonequivalent Pretes-Postes Control Group Design. The sample in this research was 66 students obtained by purposive sampling technique, that consist of experimental class that got PISK and control class that got PL. The instruments that used in this research were critical thinking ability test and students' mathematical self-efficacy scale. The data were analyzed quantitatively, by testing the difference of n-gain average. The results showed that by overall, the improvement of students' critical thinking ability in the PISK class was better than PL class. Based on KAM, the improvement of students' critical thinking ability in the PISK class according to the corresponding KAM group (low, medium and high) was better than the PL class students. By overall, the improvement of mathematical self-efficacy of PISK students was better than the PL students. Based on KAM, only for medium KAM category, the improvement of mathematical self-efficacy of PISK students was better than PL students

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS AND THE EUROZONE CRISIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GREECE AND PORTUGAL

The Eurozone crisis that erupted in late 2009 had a strong impact on the countries of the EU periphery, triggering a range of fiscal and structural adjustments at all levels of government. Greece and Portugal were most affected by the crisis and embarked on fiscal consolidation programmes in exchange for the external financial assistance packages. Public administration was a key reform area where large-scale adjustments needed to be made in a relatively short period of time. This paper seeks to assess the impact of the fiscal adjustment programmes on the Greek and Portuguese public administrations. Drawing on empirical evidence from the period 2009-2016, the effect of the initiated policies is analyzed with reference to quantitative and qualitative indicators. The findings of the comparative study highlight certain similarities and differences in the way that austerity policies affected the domestic administrative systems. The paper also offers some possible explanations for the observed variations in the outcomes and the prospects of the reform programmes

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT(TGT) SISWA KELAS VIII F SMP N 1 TEMPEL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika materi relasi dan fungsi dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) menggunakan desain penelitian Kemmis dan Taggart dengan tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari tiga pertemuan.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes tertulis, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi.Teknik analisis data dengan menelaah seluruh data baik data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif maupun deskriptif kuantitatif.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Tempel pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2015/2016, dengan subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII F. Obyek penelitian adalah minat dan prestasi siswa pada pembelajaran matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika di kelas VIII F melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT)dapat meningkatkan minat dan prestasi belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari: (1) rata-rata minat siswa pada pra siklus 55,61% kategori rendah, pada siklus I menjadi 68,03%kategori tinggi, dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 75,13% kategori tinggi; (2) nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar siswa pada pra siklus 47,45%, pada siklus I menjadi 56,25%, dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 87,80%

Effects of vinblastine and its metabolites on nausea and alopecia associated receptors

The effects of vinblastine (VLB) and its thirty-five known metabolites were investigated on nausea and alopecia associated receptors by means of molecular docking simulations. The in silico pharmacokinetics (PK) properties and binding affinities of VLB and its metabolites with the vinca site of tubulin were also elucidated in the present study. VLB and its metabolites have demonstrated binding affinities mainly for the muscarinic receptors M₁, M₄ and M₅ that display significant roles in the onset of nausea during chemotherapy. The metabolites of VLB interact with the binding site of acetylcholine and share similar binding interactions with residues involved with the endogenous substrate. Furthermore, VLB metabolites have also shown binding affinities for alopecia associated receptors such as vitamin D (VDR), androgen, smoothened and MDM2, which can trigger the death of hair follicle following cancer treatment. The predicted PK properties of VLB and its metabolites have revealed that they are all substrates and inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein, and inhibitors of CYP2D6. The majority of metabolites do not cross the blood-brain barrier, do not undergo glucuronidation and have no affinity for the human ether-à-go-go-related gene receptor. Finally, VLB metabolites docked into the vinca site of tubulin have revealed that metabolites 8, 10 and 11 have binding affinities for tubulin and interact with the same residues involved with VLB. Taking into account the PK properties, metabolite 10 (20-Hydroxy-VLB) has shown to be a potential active analog of VLB. This research project has aimed to a better understanding of the VLB-induced off-targets events such as nausea and alopecia, and how the VLB metabolites can trigger these ADRs. These findings suggest that knowing which and how the metabolites of VLB are involved with off-targets receptors of nausea and alopecia, as well as their PK properties and effects on tubulin target, ADRs during chemotherapy could be eliminated or lessened. This is possible if modifications on the chemical structure of VLB and advances in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry fields are taken into consideration in future studies. It would enhance target specificity as it could decrease formation of many metabolites and hence minimize the number of off-target interactions. That could result in providing a less unpleasant treatment for cancer patients and a higher quality of life during chemotherapy

Analisis Persediaan Bahan Baku Kedelai pada Industri Tahu Mitra Cemangi di Kecamatan Tatanga Kota Palu

This study aims to determine the control of the optimal inventory of raw materials, the total cost of inventories of raw materials, the amount of safety stock of raw materials, and a re-ordering of raw materials of tofu at Mitra Cemangi. The location determination is done deliberately. Determination of the respondents in this study is done deliberately, the number of respondents by 5 people, Know the industry leader Cemangi Partners and 4 respectively employee administration production, marketing, and warehousing, this is done with the consideration that the respondent can provide accurate information in accordance with the objectives of this research. Collecting data on the analysis of raw material inventory consists of primary data and secondary data. The analysis used the method EOQ analysis, the total cost of inventory, safety stock, and reordering. The results showed that in the last one year period (12 months) using inventory analysis, Industry can order raw materials optimally at 62237.36 kg on average each month, minimize inventory costs Rp. 705,513.92 on average each month, safety stock should always be available at the warehouse of 3864.91 kg on average each month, and an order of raw materials back to the time of inventory in the warehouse at 16195.79 kg on average each month