1,670 research outputs found
Einfluss von Nutzungsmuster und Habitatkonfiguration auf die Spinnenfauna der Krautschicht (Araneae) in einer sĂŒddeutschen Agrarlandschaft [Rezension]
Agrarlandschaften können von vielen Tierarten nur besiedelt werden, wenn ausreichend Raine und BrachflĂ€chen als Lebensraum zur VerfĂŒgung stehen. Am Beispiel von krautschichtbewohnenden Spinnen wird in der Arbeit gezeigt, dass nur wenige dieser Arten in Ăckern und WirtschaftsgrĂŒnland leben können, aber ein groĂer Artenreichtum in Rainen und BrachflĂ€chen vorkommen kann. Dies ist jedoch abhĂ€ngig von Umweltvariablen wie Rainbreite, Deckung der KrĂ€uter und Mahd auf diesen FlĂ€chen. FĂŒr eine erfolgreiche Besiedlung von Ackerbrachen nach der Nutzungsaufgabe benötigen die meisten Spinnen jedoch mindestens drei Jahre. Durch den Vergleich von sieben Landschaftsausschnitten im Naturraum "Westliches TertiĂ€res HĂŒgelland zwischen Donau und Isar" wird der Versuch unternommen, den Einfluss der Landschaftsstruktur auf die Spinnenfauna zu quantifizieren. Aus den Ergebnissen entwickelt die Autorin ein Indikationsverfahren, dass durch seine methodisch einfache Anwendbarkeit bei entsprechender Sach- und Artenkenntnis des Bearbeiters fĂŒr die Bewertung der HabitatqualitĂ€t von Rainen in einem gröĂeren rĂ€umlichen MaĂstab geeignet ist
Untersuchungen zur Rolle ausgewĂ€hlter netzbauender Spinnen (Araneae) im trophischen BeziehungsgefĂŒge von Halbtrockenrasen [Kurzreferat]
Im Rahmen einer dreijĂ€hrigen Freilandstudie wurden ausgewĂ€hlte netzbauende Spinnenarten [Argiope bruennichi (SCOPOLl, 1772);Araneus quadratus CLERCK, 1757; Araneus diadematus CLERCK, 1757; Linyphia triangularis (CLERCK, 1757); Theridion impressum L. KOCH, 1881] der Trespen-Halbtrockenrasen im Naturschutzgebiet "Leutratal" bei Jena untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Kenntnisse zur Rolle dieser fĂŒr Halbtrockenrasen typischen PrĂ€datoren-Gilde im trophischen BeziehungsgefĂŒge von Graslandökosystemen zu erbringen. RĂ€umliche, zeitliche und trophische Einnischung der Netzspinnenarten wurden untersucht, um wesentliche Aspekte der RĂ€uber-Beute-Beziehungen nĂ€her zu charakterisieren
La repreÌsentation dans le cadre de la composition et de la musicologie assisteÌes par ordinateur & Parcours de recherche et creÌation
Itâs clear that it is possible to make music with music instruments, but it seems much less obvious to talk and/or communicate about it with the same instruments. Thus, we always needed to rely on the use of natural language and develop a large number of representations to be able to talk and communicate about music. Although the computers conception has pushed further the need for a new representation. In this writing, we will explore the concept of representation, both from the point of view of the process (to represent) than that of the generated object (representation) in the context of computer music composition and computer-aided musicology (or computational musicology). Our interest will focus on the epistemological properties and the various consequences of the representation process, and on the representations as cognitive determinants, specifically: how representations induce the operative field, and how they guide our choices?Concerning my research and musical composition journey, when I look back at my career, I realize that a linear table of contents is not an appropriate way to represent it. This path made of coincidences, encounters, desires and intuitions. I must recognize that there was no ââbig schemeââ, just curiosity, willingness to act, affinities and coming across inspiring personalities, encouraging people that helped and offered me options in this path that led to my actual career. However, in retrospect I could say that from this fog an outline emerges: "composition - modeling", supported by the problematic of representation, having as background my pedagogical work.Sâil est clair quâil est possible de faire de la musique avec les outils de la musique, il nous semble bien moins eÌvident d'en parler et/ou de communiquer aÌ son propos avec ces meÌmes outils. Ainsi, nous avons toujours eu besoin de nous appuyer sur lâutilisation du langage naturel et de deÌvelopper un grand nombre de repreÌsentations pour pouvoir parler et communiquer sur la musique. LâarriveÌe de lâinformatique a pousseÌ plus loin ce besoin de repreÌsentation. Dans ce meÌmoire, nous nous attellerons aÌ eÌtudier le concept de repreÌsentation, tant du point de vue du processus (repreÌsenter) que de celui de lâobjet geÌneÌreÌ (la repreÌsentation) dans le contexte de la composition musicale assisteÌe par ordinateur et de la musicologie computationnelle. Notre inteÌreÌt se portera principalement sur les proprieÌteÌs eÌpisteÌmologiques et les divers corollaires du processus, de lâobjet geÌneÌreÌ, et plus particulieÌrement sur les repreÌsentations en tant que deÌterminants cognitifs : comment les repreÌsentations induisent-elles le champ opeÌratoire, et orientent-elles nos choix ?Concernant mon parcours de recherche et crĂ©ation, ceci nâest pas un meÌmoire, ceux-ci sont des meÌmoires.Lorsque je me penche sur mon parcours, je me rends compte quâune table de matieÌres lineÌaire nâest pas du tout approprieÌe pour le repreÌsenter. Ce parcours sâest fait de coiÌncidences, de rencontres, dâenvies et dâintuitions. Force est de reconnaiÌtre quâil nây avait pas de grand plan, juste de la curiositeÌ, une volonteÌ dâaction, des affiniteÌs et la rencontre avec des personnaliteÌs mâinspirant, mâencourageant, mâaidant ou me proposant des chemins. Cependant, avec le recul je pourrais dire que de cette brume un profil se deÌgage, lâaxe « composition â modeÌlisation », soutenu par la probleÌmatique de la repreÌsentation, ayant comme contexte mon travail peÌdagogique
RĂ©flexions sur l'acte compositionnel
Ce texte prétend montrer que l'idée de modÚle et de formalisation font partie de ce que nous appelons le métier de compositeur et présente une vision de l'acte compositionnel que, nous espérons, pourra nous aider à mieux comprendre la place de l'ordinateur dans cette nouvelle discipline qu'est la Composition Assistée par Ordinateur
Convergent Evidence from Animal and Human Studies
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with diverse mental and somatic
symptoms. The molecular mechanisms leading from genes to disease pathology in
schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs)
have shown that common single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with
specific diseases are enriched in the recognition sequences of transcription
factors that regulate physiological processes relevant to the disease. We have
used a âbottom-upâ approach and tracked a developmental trajectory from
embryology to physiological processes and behavior and recognized that the
transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) possesses properties of
particular interest for schizophrenia. NKX2-1 is selectively expressed from
prenatal development to adulthood in the brain, thyroid gland, parathyroid
gland, lungs, skin, and enteric ganglia, and has key functions at the
interface of the brain, the endocrine-, and the immune system. In the
developing brain, NKX2-1-expressing progenitor cells differentiate into
distinct subclasses of forebrain GABAergic and cholinergic neurons,
astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The transcription factor is highly expressed
in mature limbic circuits related to context-dependent goal-directed patterns
of behavior, social interaction and reproduction, fear responses, responses to
light, and other homeostatic processes. It is essential for development and
mature function of the thyroid gland and the respiratory system, and is
involved in calcium metabolism and immune responses. NKX2-1 interacts with a
number of genes identified as susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. We
suggest that NKX2-1 may lie at the core of several dose dependent pathways
that are dysregulated in schizophrenia. We correlate the symptoms seen in
schizophrenia with the temporal and spatial activities of NKX2-1 in order to
highlight promising future research areas
Shelton v. Secretary, Department of Corrections: A Constitutional Challenge to Florida\u27s Drug Law
Embodiment and Grammatical Structure: An Approach to the Relation of Experience, Assertion and Truth
In this thesis I address a concern in both existential phenomenology and embodied cognition, namely, the question of how âhigherâ cognitive abilities such as language and judgements of truth relate to embodied experience. I suggest that although our words are grounded in experience, what makes this grounding and our higher abilities possible is grammatical structure.
The opening chapter contrasts the âsituatedâ approach of embodied cognition and existential phenomenology with Cartesian methodological solipsism. The latter produces a series of dualisms, including that of language and meaning, whereas the former dissolves such dualisms. The second chapter adapts Merleau-Pontyâs arguments against the perceptual constancy hypothesis in order to undermine the dualism of grammar and meaning. This raises the question of what grammar is, which is addressed in the third chapter. I acknowledge the force of Chomskyâs observation that language is structure dependent and briefly introduce a minimal grammatical operation which might be the âspark which lit the intellectual forest fireâ (Clark: 2001, 151).
Grammatical relations are argued to make possible the grounding of our symbols in chapters 4 and 5, which attempt to ground the categories of determiner and aspect in spatial deixis and embodied motor processes respectively. Chapter 6 ties the previous three together, arguing that we may understand a given lexeme as an object or as an event by subsuming it within a determiner phrase or aspectualising it respectively. I suggest that such modification of a wordâs meaning is possible because determiners and aspect schematise, i.e. determine the temporal structure, of the lexeme. Chapter 7 uses this account to take up Heideggerâs claim that the relation between being and truth be cast in terms of temporality (2006, H349), though falls short of providing a complete account of the âorigin of truthâ. Chapter 8 concludes and notes further avenues of research
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