A Countable Economy: An Example

Weiss (1981) established core equivalence and the existence of competitive equilibria in finitely additive exchange economies. To underline the relevance of finitely additive economies we present in this note an example with a close connection to finite exchange economies

Etika alam sekitar dalam novel Jong Chian Lai dari perspektif pribumi

Masyarakat pribumi sangat beretika apabila berinteraksi dengan alam sekitar. Cara hidup seharian mereka penuh dengan elemen kasih sayang dan penghormatan terhadap alam. Mereka bukan sahaja menjadikan hutan dan alam semula jadi sebagai tempat tinggal yang aman tetapi memperoleh sumber makanan, ubat-ubatan, air minuman dan semua keperluan hidup, selain menyerlahkan manifestasi amalan, kepercayaan dan pemujaan terhadap kuasa ghaib. Kajian ini menganalisis tentang bagaimana interaksi yang beretika antara masyarakat pribumi di Sarawak dan alam sekitar yang diterjemahkan dalam karya kreatif. Analisis ini menggunakan kritikan eko (ecocriticism), hanya melibatkan tiga buah novel Jong Chian Lai iaitu Gugurnya langit Hijau Nanga Tiga (1990), Pindah (1988) dan Suara dari Rimba (2008). Amalan beretika apabila berinteraksi dengan persekitaran dalam kajian ini diteliti dari sudut hubungan mereka dengan alam semula jadi (flora, fauna dan alam sekitar fizikal), hubungan dengan manusia yang lain, orang yang telah mati (roh) dan hubungan dengan Pencipta (Tuhan). Berdasarkan analisis teks tersebut didapati bahawa masyarakat pribumi menitikberatkan hubungan yang harmoni dengan persekitaran dalam kehidupan mereka. Hubungan yang beretika antara masyarakat pribumi di Sarawak diketengahkan oleh penulis Jong Chian Lai melalui tiga bentuk interaksi utama, iaitu, interaksi antara pribumi dan alam sekitar, antara pribumi dengan roh dan tuhan, termasuk menghormati kawasan perkuburan nenek moyang mereka dan juga interaksi antara pribumi dan masyarakat luar yang lain. Hubungan ini bukan sahaja kerana masyarakat pribumi ini perlu menjaga kelestarian persekitaran bagi menjamin kesinambungan hidup mereka, tetapi juga didorong oleh amalan, kepercayaan dan pegangan hidup masyarakat itu sendiri. Kehadiran elemen alam sekitar dalam karya kreatif terutama novel pula menjadikan cakupan hasil kesusasteraan Melayu lebih mencabar dan lebih luas rangkumannya

Measure Recognition Problem

This is an article in mathematics, specifically in set theory. On the example of the Measure Recognition Problem (MRP) the article highlights the phenomenon of the utility of a multidisciplinary mathematical approach to a single mathematical problem, in particular the value of a set-theoretic analysis. MRP asks if for a given Boolean algebra \algB and a property $\Phi$ of measures one can recognize by purely combinatorial means if \algB supports a strictly positive measure with property $\Phi$. The most famous instance of this problem is MRP(countable additivity), and in the first part of the article we survey the known results on this and some other problems. We show how these results naturally lead to asking about two other specific instances of the problem MRP, namely MRP(nonatomic) and MRP(separable). Then we show how our recent work D\v zamonja and Plebanek (2006) gives an easy solution to the former of these problems, and gives some partial information about the latter. The long term goal of this line of research is to obtain a structure theory of Boolean algebras that support a finitely additive strictly positive measure, along the lines of Maharam theorem which gives such a structure theorem for measure algebras

Tun Seri Lanang: dari Istana Batu Sawar ke Naggaroe Acheh Darussalam

Tun Seri Lanang adalah seorang ahli politik dan pujangga ternama yang berasal dari istana Johor di Batu Sawar. Pada tahun 1613, Tun Seri Lanang telah di tawan oleh bala tentera Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam dari Acheh, kemudian dibawa ke Acheh bersama-sama Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III dan adindanya Raja Abdullah. Sumber sejarah di Tanah Melayu menganggap Tun Seri Lanang meninggal dunia di Acheh. Peranannya selepas ditawan dan dibawa ke Acheh tidak banyak diperkatakan. Sungguh pun begitu, sumber-sumber sejarah dari Acheh menunjukkan bahawa Tun Seri Lanang tidak dipenjarakan atau meninggal dunia di dalam penjara, sebaliknya beliau telah dilantik menjadi Raja Samarlanga. Beliau juga dilantik menjadi penasihat kepada paduka Sultan Mahkota Alam dan dua orang penggantinya. Beliau mungkin telah diselamatkan atas pengaruh Raja Puteri Kamaliah, iaitu puteri Pahang yang telah dikahwini Sultan Iskandar Muda Mahkota Alam yang kemudiannya menjadi permaisuri Acheh. Artikel ini merupakan laporan penyelidikan mengenai kehidupan dan sumbangan Tun Seri Lanang semasa di Acheh. Pada masa ini Tun Seri Lanang menjadi tokoh kepada tiga buah negara iaitu Malaysia, Singapura dan Naggaroe Acheh Darussalam

Analysis on Sex Education in Schools Across Malaysia

AbstractThe objective of this research is to analyse the respondent's perceptions on whether sex education or elements of it are being taught in Malaysian schools. This issue should be highlighted since there are so many sex-related social problems among the teenagers.Before giving their feedback, the respondents were first introduced on the aspects of sexuality education based on UNESCO's 2009 curriculum guideline. Based from the data received, 90% of the respondents agreed that sex education has not been taught in Malaysian schools. The respondents explained that the informal information given by most of the teachers were vague thus defeating the purpose of the students to learn on the issues

Between national cinemas: reframing films from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore

This study provides a critical transnational examination of films from three culturally and historically interrelated nations in Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore. Films from these countries are often studied as national cinemas distinct from one another. However, this thesis argues for a theorisation of these cinemas through the concept of Nusantara which speaks to the geographical, social, and cultural patterns of the region before the advent of film and nationalism in Southeast Asia. The overlapping cultural significance of the cinematic representations of these countries is analysed through themes of cultural identity, mobility and belonging. “Nusantara cinema” (or archipelagic cinema) is used as a strategy to evade national political boundaries, thus providing a critical look at transnationalism in film studies (Higbee & Lim, 2010) endeavouring to illustrate such links through motifs that speak to the region’s archipelagic culture of mobility, specifically the concept of tanahair (literally, ‘land and water’ meaning ‘homeland’) and merantau (to sojourn), as well as the treatment of borderland populations and cultural cosmopolitanism. Nusantara, a portmanteau for ‘between islands’ is a Malay word referring to island Southeast Asia. Drawing on Homi Bhabha’s theories of in-betweenness, hybridity and liminality, I argue that cultural representation in films from the three countries transcends the ethnonationalist frameworks of national culture and national cinema. Firstly, nusantara is a place where cultures meet and regularly compete in asymmetric power relations among groups and individuals who continually seek a feeling of belonging; it is not just their home, but also a ‘contact zone’ (Pratt, 2002). However, the multifaceted nature of merantau offers a rather complicated sense of place and homeland. Furthermore, the path of sojourners in films reacted to the political and cultural negotiations in the 1960s, 1970s and late 1990s. Currently, films from these countries highlight the borderland communities in liminality, thereby giving credence to transnational cultural identities, as well as promoting cultural and spatial connections across countries and linking Southeast Asia’s diversity

Research on the judicial trend on the issues of perils, warranties, condition and duty of utmost good faith in fire insurance / Nuur Fakhizaa Abu Bakar, Siti Hadijah Ahmad and Nor Azila Maharam

In competing our project paper, we have conducted a library research on various books and materials that are relate to our topics which are perils, warranties, condition and duty of utmost good faith. Furthermore, our research is also based on the judicial trend in fire insurance cases from the year 2000-2006. All the cases we find it in the online from the internet

Between national cinemas: reframing films from Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore

This study provides a critical transnational examination of films from three culturally and historically interrelated nations in Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore. Films from these countries are often studied as national cinemas distinct from one another. However, this thesis argues for a theorisation of these cinemas through the concept of Nusantara which speaks to the geographical, social, and cultural patterns of the region before the advent of film and nationalism in Southeast Asia. The overlapping cultural significance of the cinematic representations of these countries is analysed through themes of cultural identity, mobility and belonging. “Nusantara cinema” (or archipelagic cinema) is used as a strategy to evade national political boundaries, thus providing a critical look at transnationalism in film studies (Higbee & Lim, 2010) endeavouring to illustrate such links through motifs that speak to the region’s archipelagic culture of mobility, specifically the concept of tanahair (literally, ‘land and water’ meaning ‘homeland’) and merantau (to sojourn), as well as the treatment of borderland populations and cultural cosmopolitanism. Nusantara, a portmanteau for ‘between islands’ is a Malay word referring to island Southeast Asia. Drawing on Homi Bhabha’s theories of in-betweenness, hybridity and liminality, I argue that cultural representation in films from the three countries transcends the ethnonationalist frameworks of national culture and national cinema. Firstly, nusantara is a place where cultures meet and regularly compete in asymmetric power relations among groups and individuals who continually seek a feeling of belonging; it is not just their home, but also a ‘contact zone’ (Pratt, 2002). However, the multifaceted nature of merantau offers a rather complicated sense of place and homeland. Furthermore, the path of sojourners in films reacted to the political and cultural negotiations in the 1960s, 1970s and late 1990s. Currently, films from these countries highlight the borderland communities in liminality, thereby giving credence to transnational cultural identities, as well as promoting cultural and spatial connections across countries and linking Southeast Asia’s diversity

Narrow coverings of omega-product spaces

Results of Sierpinski and others have shown that certain finite-dimensional product sets can be written as unions of subsets, each of which is "narrow" in a corresponding direction; that is, each line in that direction intersects the subset in a small set. For example, if the set (omega \times omega) is partitioned into two pieces along the diagonal, then one piece meets every horizontal line in a finite set, and the other piece meets each vertical line in a finite set. Such partitions or coverings can exist only when the sets forming the product are of limited size. This paper considers such coverings for products of infinitely many sets (usually a product of omega copies of the same cardinal kappa). In this case, a covering of the product by narrow sets, one for each coordinate direction, will exist no matter how large the factor sets are. But if one restricts the sets used in the covering (for instance, requiring them to be Borel in a product topology), then the existence of narrow coverings is related to a number of large cardinal properties: partition cardinals, the free subset problem, nonregular ultrafilters, and so on. One result given here is a relative consistency proof for a hypothesis used by S. Mrowka to construct a counterexample in the dimension theory of metric spaces