Ensemble model output statistics for wind vectors

A bivariate ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) technique for the postprocessing of ensemble forecasts of two-dimensional wind vectors is proposed, where the postprocessed probabilistic forecast takes the form of a bivariate normal probability density function. The postprocessed means and variances of the wind vector components are linearly bias-corrected versions of the ensemble means and ensemble variances, respectively, and the conditional correlation between the wind components is represented by a trigonometric function of the ensemble mean wind direction. In a case study on 48-hour forecasts of wind vectors over the North American Pacific Northwest with the University of Washington Mesoscale Ensemble, the bivariate EMOS density forecasts were calibrated and sharp, and showed considerable improvement over the raw ensemble and reference forecasts, including ensemble copula coupling

Speciation and elemental analysis employing a custom designed echelle spectrometer and a charge injection device array detector.

A custom designed echelle spectrometer coupled with a charge injection device (CID) detector was applied to a series of analytical challenges in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). By taking advantage of the two dimensional spectral format of an echelle/CID spectrometer, simultaneous, multi-elemental atomic spectroscopic information can be directly obtained. A direct current plasma (DCP) was utilized as the AES excitation source. The echelle/CID system has a large spectral elemental database. Through the utilization of vast amounts of spectral information and the application of fundamental spectroscopic principles, an intelligent analytical system was designed to make certain routine and non-routine decisions with minimal intervention by the analyst. The utility of the echelle/CID system is investigated through its application to several analytical challenges. These challenges include automated-qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis for samples of limited size (microgram quantities) and qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analysis of various metal species. The results of an analyses generated by an automated-qualitative routine for the determination of elemental constituents in environmental contaminants, unknown particulate from a hospital air delivery system and laboratory waste samples are presented. The ability to simultaneously integrate multi-elemental information makes the echelle/CID system well suited for the quantitative analysis of trace sample quantities. The echelle/CID system was employed in the trace determination of 1000, 400 and 40 micrograms/ml NBS standard reference material 1633a, coal fly ash, samples. Finally, the echelle/CID AES system is utilized as an element selective detector for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC separation methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of iron and copper oxidation states. The results of the HPLC separation of iron(II) and iron(III) through their interactions with the mobile phase modifier, 8-hydroxyquinoline are presented. The results of the HPLC separation of copper(I) and copper(II) are in an mobile phase containing 2,9 dimethyl 1,10 phenanthroline are presented. A novel solid phase extraction (SPE) method for Cu(I) was also developed. The results of the SPE method used to monitor the Cu(I) concentration in a series of electroless copper plating baths are presented

Освещение парламентской кампании 2007 года в Польше в программах телевизионных новостей

Роль телевидения Польши в формировании политической повестки дня в условиях предвыборной конкуренци

Presentation of the 2007 parliamentary campaign in Poland in television news

Способы, которыми телевизионные отправители в Польше сообщают политическую информацию, особенно касающиеся хода предвыборной кампании, значительно изменяются. Мы наблюдаем существенную модификацию модели изображения предвыборных кампаний - СМИ все чаще отходят от модели простого транслирования хода кампанийных событий, основывающейся на информационных материалах, полученных от политиков или политических организаций, в пользу интерпретационно-аналитической модели, где доминируют самостоятельно приобретенные исходные материалы и редакционные комментарии, своеобразно изображающие соперничество.The manner in which broadcasters provide political information, especially concerning the campaign is in the process of a visible change now. We are able to observe a significant modification of the model creation of the election campaign - mass media are increasingly changing their simple model of a campaign coverage of the events, based on information obtained from politicians or political organizations, into interpretative and analytical model with the dominant role of self-organized source of the queries and editorial comments, formatting an image of a political rivalry in a certain way

Correlation analysis of mean global radiation values with mean brightness values for one year

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