Loop Detector Sampling Frequency Errors Affecting Length Based Classifications

The classification of vehicles has multiple purposes, including, but not limited to, roadway planning, quantifying environmental impacts, and determining roadway deterioration. Length based classifications from loop detectors is a common way to classify the vehicles, where a loop detector is effectively a metal detector embedded in the pavement that can measure when a vehicle is over the loop. Loop detectors can operate from 60 Hz to over 1000 Hz. As this work demonstrates, when a loop detector is operating at a lower frequency, the sampling resolution can lead to large errors due to the large, discrete steps between observable measurements. This problem has been elusive since large quantities of ground truth speeds and lengths for vehicles are prohibitively difficult to collect. To bypass this problem a simulation model is developed to calculate the length measurement errors arising from a given detector's sampling period. The derivation of the sampling error can explain some of the length errors seen in vehicle classification. Finally, to empirically validate the model, this work uses a low sampling frequency LIDAR sensor (40 Hz) that is deployed concurrent with a conventional loop detector based classification station (300 Hz). The 40 Hz data are evaluated in the context of the 300 Hz data, since the relative impact of the sampling errors should be very small in the latter case. However, an additional complication arose because the spacing between detectors differs and introduces a secondary source of errors. As such, the LIDAR data analysis was inconclusive.No embarg

State-selective transport of single neutral atoms

The present work investigates the state-selective transport of single neutral cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. It demonstrates experimental applications of this transport, including a single atom interferometer, a quantum walk and controlled two-atom collisions. The atoms are stored one by one in an optical lattice formed by a standing wave dipole trap. Their positions are determined with sub-micrometer precision, while atom pair separations are reliably inferred down to neighboring lattice sites using real-time numerical processing. Using microwave pulses in the presence of a magnetic field gradient, the internal qubit states, encoded in the hyperfine levels of the atoms, can be separately initialized and manipulated. This allows us to perform arbitrary single-qubit operations and prepare arbitrary patterns of atoms in the lattice with single-site precision. Chapter 1 presents the experimental setup for trapping a small number of cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Chapter 2 is devoted to fluorescence imaging of atoms, discussing the imaging setup, numeric methods and their performance in detail. Chapter 3 focuses on engineering of internal states of trapped atoms in the lattice using optical methods and microwave radiation. It provides a detailed investigation of coherence properties of our experimental system. Finally manipulation of individual atoms with almost single-site resolution and preparation of regular strings of atoms with predefined distances are presented. In Chapter 4, basic concepts, the experimental realization and the performance of the state-selective transport of neutral atoms over several lattice sites are presented and discussed in detail. Coherence properties of this transport are investigated in Chapter 5, using various two-arms single atom interferometer sequences in which atomic matter waves are split, delocalized, merged and recombined on the initial lattice site, while the interference contrast and the accumulated phase difference are measured. By delocalizing a single atom over several lattice sites, possible spatial inhomogeneities of fields along the lattice axis in the trapping region are probed. In Chapter 6, experimental realization of a discrete time quantum walk on a line with single optically trapped atoms is presented as an advanced application of multiple path quantum interference in the context of quantum information processing. Using this simple example of a quantum walk, fundamental properties of and differences between the quantum and classical regimes are investigated and discussed in detail. Finally, by combining preparation of atom strings, position-dependent manipulation of qubit states and state-selective transport, in Chapter 7, two atoms are deterministically brought together into contact, forming a starting point for investigating two-atom interactions on the most fundamental level. Future prospects and suggestions are finally presented in Chapter 8

Electron spectra close to a metal-to-insulator transition

A high-resolution investigation of the electron spectra close to the metal-to-insulator transition in dynamic mean-field theory is presented. An all-numerical, consistent confirmation of a smooth transition at zero temperature is provided. In particular, the separation of energy scales is verified. Unexpectedly, sharp peaks at the inner Hubbard band edges occur in the metallic regime. They are signatures of the important interaction between single-particle excitations and collective modes.Comment: RevTeX 4, 4 pages, 4 eps figures; published versio

Quantum Walk in Position Space with Single Optically Trapped Atoms

The quantum walk is the quantum analogue of the well-known random walk, which forms the basis for models and applications in many realms of science. Its properties are markedly different from the classical counterpart and might lead to extensive applications in quantum information science. In our experiment, we implemented a quantum walk on the line with single neutral atoms by deterministically delocalizing them over the sites of a one-dimensional spin-dependent optical lattice. With the use of site-resolved fluorescence imaging, the final wave function is characterized by local quantum state tomography, and its spatial coherence is demonstrated. Our system allows the observation of the quantum-to-classical transition and paves the way for applications, such as quantum cellular automata.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Syncretism of modern "concheros" : some thoughts

Concheros are one of the most interesting examples of the cultural and religious syncretism of modern Mexico. The main aim of this article is to present the theoretical basis for the possibility of interpretation of this phenomenon and its interpretation in anthropological terms. In this context, the analysis has been subjected to the phenomenon of magic, ritual and cultural memory in relation to danza de la conquista. The authors present a brief history of the tradition of the ritual dance in the colonial and modern communities, trying to understand their meaning and significance as a cultural activity and religious syncretism

ZARZĄDZANIE SUKCESJĄ W MIKROFIRMACH RODZINNYCH NA TERENIE WOJEWÓDZTWA ŚLĄKIEGO

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnienia zarządzania sukcesją w wybranych mikroprzedsiębiorstwach rodzinnych na terenie województwa śląskiego. Sukcesja to jedna z kluczowych kwestii, która istnieje w rodzinnych firmach, a przekazywanie władzy  następnemu pokoleniu powoduje znaczące zmiany w funkcjonowaniu organizacji i rodziny właścicieli. Proces ten powinien być poprzedzony wieloletnim przygotowaniem sukcesora do przejęcia kierowania; brak planowania tego etapu przyczynia się w głównej mierze do powstawania konfliktów oraz do spowolnienia w rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa rodzinnego

Universal computation by multi-particle quantum walk

A quantum walk is a time-homogeneous quantum-mechanical process on a graph defined by analogy to classical random walk. The quantum walker is a particle that moves from a given vertex to adjacent vertices in quantum superposition. Here we consider a generalization of quantum walk to systems with more than one walker. A continuous-time multi-particle quantum walk is generated by a time-independent Hamiltonian with a term corresponding to a single-particle quantum walk for each particle, along with an interaction term. Multi-particle quantum walk includes a broad class of interacting many-body systems such as the Bose-Hubbard model and systems of fermions or distinguishable particles with nearest-neighbor interactions. We show that multi-particle quantum walk is capable of universal quantum computation. Since it is also possible to efficiently simulate a multi-particle quantum walk of the type we consider using a universal quantum computer, this model exactly captures the power of quantum computation. In principle our construction could be used as an architecture for building a scalable quantum computer with no need for time-dependent control

Thermoresponsive Starch Nanoparticles

Thermosensitive or thermoresponsive polymers (TRPs) that undergoes an abrupt change in aqueous solubility with temperature have numerous potential commercial applications. The vast majority of TRPs reported to date are synthetic, petroleum-based, polymers. TRPs based on benign natural polymers such as cellulose and starch have garnered some attention recently due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity and low production costs. A protocol for the modification of Ecosphere® Starch Nanoparticles (ENPs) with various epoxides under environmentally preferable conditions was developed. The temperature-dependent aggregation behaviour of thermoresponsive ENPs (TRENPs) was examined. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of the thermoresponsive TRSNPs increased with the molar substitution (MS) of the modifying group. The temperature-dependent aggregation behaviour of the TRSNPs changed depending on the concentration of NaCl or various alcohols. The LCSTs of the TRSNPs decreased with increasing NaCl concentration and with increasing n-propanol and n-butanol concentration. Low concentrations of methanol and ethanol decreased the LCST. Higher concentrations of these alcohols broadened the thermal transitions and increased the LCST. At sufficiently high concentrations of methanol and ethanol, the nanoparticles no longer exhibited a thermal transition. The TRENPs discussed in this work represent a novel class of thermoresponsive biopolymer nanoparticles with tunable critical temperatures.1 yea

Eksperyment medyczny przeprowadzany na organizmie ludzkim – aspekty prawa międzynarodowego, europejskiego i krajowego

The article is designed to provide readers with a legal context of medical experimentation. Medical research involving humans needs careful regulation. Although international law, European law, and domestic law are usually described as separate sources of law, they are increasingly interdependent. Their interaction produces a layering effect of laws that address medical experimentation. The paper begins with an overview of the content of soft international law. In the next section, the author addresses the issue of hard law, i.e. the Geneva Conventions, provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine is the subject of analysis in the third part of the paper. The next section discusses selected issues related to regulations of European Union law. At the national level, the Polish Constitution provides for a medical research principle. In order to provide deeper insight, the next part of the analysis is based on domestic criminal law. The final section discusses the role of the physician in medical research in light of the norm included in the 1996 Act on the professions of the physician and dentist