Migrant Crisis in Europe : Experiences of Nurses working in reception centers of Jyväskylä area

The increased number of migrants that have arrived in Europe since 2000, has put new demands on health care staff and little systematic research has been done on their views and experience. The aim was to explore and describe the lived experiences of nurses working in receptions centres in Jyväskylä region, in Finland and the purpose was to provide information to support and develop the competences of nurses working in this field. The methodology was qualitative design with phenomenological approach. The data were obtained through four semi-structured individual interviews and one focus group and underwent thematic analysis. The experiences of the nurses while working in the reception centres were affected by their past experiences and level of professionalism, the refugees own background, their cooperation with other services and translators and the support they received. The cultural differences between the nurses and the client affected the clients’ adaptation to the health care system, their treatment and care as well as the psychology of the nurses while dealing with the challenges. The strengths of this study were that the information revealed partially filled a gap in research and can be used by all related organisations for improvement of their services. Furthermore, it gave the chance for the nurses’ experiences and opinions to be expressed, and for other nurses who are interested in working in this field to enrich their competences in order to offer high quality care to their clients

Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis

The search for an ideal multiple sclerosis biomarker with good diagnostic value, prognostic reference and an impact on clinical outcome has yet to be realized and is still ongoing. The aim of this review is to establish an overview of the frequent biomarkers for multiple sclerosis that exist to date. The review summarizes the results obtained from electronic databases, as well as thorough manual searches. In this review the sources and methods of biomarkers extraction are described; in addition to the description of each biomarker, determination of the prognostic, diagnostic, disease monitoring and treatment response values besides clinical impact they might possess. We divided the biomarkers into three categories according to the achievement method: laboratory markers, genetic-immunogenetic markers and imaging markers. We have found two biomarkers at the time being considered the gold standard for MS diagnostics. Unfortunately, there does not exist a single solitary marker being able to present reliable diagnostic value, prognostic value, high sensitivity and specificity as well as clinical impact. We need more studies to find the best biomarker for MS.publishersversionPeer reviewe

The Chemokines CXC, CC and C in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Disease and as Surrogates of Vaccine-Induced Innate and Adaptive Protective Responses

COVID-19 is one of the progressive viral pandemics that originated from East Asia. COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be associated with a chain of physio-pathological mechanisms that are basically immunological in nature. In addition, chemokines have been proposed as a subgroup of chemotactic cytokines with different activities ranging from leukocyte recruitment to injury sites, irritation, and inflammation to angiostasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, researchers have categorized the chemotactic elements into four classes, including CX3C, CXC, CC, and C, based on the location of the cysteine motifs in their structures. Considering the severe cases of COVID-19, the hyperproduction of particular chemokines occurring in lung tissue as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly worsen the disease prognosis. According to the studies conducted in the field documenting the changing expression of CXC and CC chemokines in COVID-19 cases, the CC and CXC chemokines contribute to this pandemic, and their impact could reflect the development of reasonable strategies for COVID-19 management. The CC and the CXC families of chemokines are important in host immunity to viral infections and along with other biomarkers can serve as the surrogates of vaccine-induced innate and adaptive protective responses, facilitating the improvement of vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, the immunogenicity elicited by the chemokine response to adenovirus vector vaccines may constitute the basis of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia

Diosgenin and 4-hydroxyisoleucine from fenugreek are regulators of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480

Objective: Diosignin and 4-hydroxy-L-isulosine (4-OH-Ile) are the two active ingredients of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum). Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds (HEFS), diosgenin and 4-OH-Ile on the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARã) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) which are involved in lipid metabolism in SW480 cell line. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, SW480 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and treated with HEFS, diosignin, 4-OH-Ile or orlistat for 24 and 48 hours. Inhibitory concentration of 20 (IC20) was calculated using MTT method and cells were then pre-treated with the IC20 concentrations for 24 and 48 hours before RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Changes in the expression of ACC, FAS, PPARã and LDLR genes were assayed by employing the real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Our results showed a significant down-regulation in the expression of ACC (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and FAS genes (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) in SW480 cells treated with HEFS, diosignin, 4-OH-Ile, or orlistat, but significant up-regulation in the expression of PPARγ (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and LDLR (P=0.005 and P=0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, HEFS, diosgenin and 4-OH-Ile up or down-regulate the expression of some predominant genes involved in lipid metabolism pathway, similar to that observed for orlistat. These types of regulatory effects are presumably proper for the treatment of obesity and overweight. © 2021 Royan Institute (ACECR). All rights reserved

The saffron effects on expression pattern of critical self-renewal genes in adenocarcinoma tumor cell line (AGS)

Background: The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of various concentrations of saffron distillate (Crocus sativus) on expression of some self-renewal genes including OCT4, KLF, SOX2, NANOG and Nucleostemin in AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma) cell line. Material and methods: The AGS cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium contained saffron (20, 40 and 100 μg/mL) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Inhibition of cell proliferation was assessed by MTT. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit. Total cellular RNA extracted and subjected to and cDNA synthesis and then, the expression of the desired genes was extracted and subjected to in both the control and test groups, using real time- PCR (RT-PCR). Data were analyzed by student t and repeated measure tests. Differences were considered significant if (P < 0.01). Findings: There was a significant difference in cell viability, when various concentrations of saffron were used for 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation and apoptosis increased in a time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results exhibited an obviously significant augmentation in apoptotic AGS cells. Real time- PCR our RT-PCR based findings indicated that saffron distillate has reduced the expression of OCT4, KLF, SOX2, NANOG and Nucleostemin genes in compare to untreated control cells. Conclusion: According to the results of this study it may be concluded that saffron distillate can be considered as an inhibitor of cell division and regardingly inhibit cancer progression. © 202

Integrating CSF, AHP and genetic algorithms for information systems planning

A new integrated model is developed for information systems planning. In this model, entitled HISSPM, a combination of the strengths of Critical Success Factors (CSF) method, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and Genetic Algorithms (GA) is used to identify and prioritize the required information systems. This model considers both qualitative and quantitative factors, as well as the importance of the factors to decision-makers, and can solve problems with relatively wide search space. Comparing the results of the proposed model with those of the famous available models reveals that the proposed model is valid and efficient. The model tested on a real world problem, resulting in a portfolio of prioritized information systems, under certain conditions and constraints, which have alignment with organizational goals, strategies and plans. This model can help encourge managers in optimal or near-optimal decision-making boost investments on required information systems