Assessing welfare of organic laying hens in Finland with resource-related and animal-related methods

The objective of this study was to assess the welfare of organic layer flocks in Finland and to compare resource-related methods with animal-related methods

Georg August Wallin

no abstrac

The Model and Simulations of the LHC 400 MHz Cavity Controller

The LHC RF consists of eight superconducting single-cell 400.8 MHz cavities per beam, with each cavity driven by a 300 kW klystron via a circulator and waveguide. As the LHC is a high current collider (nominal 0.6 A DC), the challenge is to keep the effective impedance of the cavity at a minimum and to reduce all sources of RF noise that may degrade the beam lifetime (target value in excess of ten hours). In order to achieve this each klystron-cavity chain has a Cavity Controller implementing three Low Level loops: RF feedback, Tuner loop and Klystron loop. This note presents simulation models for the non-linear klystron, the cavity, the RF feedback, the tuner loop and the klystron loop. A model for the tuner mechanics based on measured step responses is also derived. The gains and time constants are optimized for the various loops. For the RF feedback and the tuner loop, the simulations are in excellent agreement with measurements done on a full-size test set-up including klystron and cavity. For the klystron polar loop, the predictions fit with the design values (not tested yet on a real klystron). To evaluate the effect of transient beam loading simulations are done with a beam containing gaps. Again the predictions fit well with design values

Long-term outcome of DSM-IV major depressive disorder in psychiatric care

Tutkimus on osa Vantaan Depressioprojektia (VDS

Die assyrischen Vogelnamen des Omentextes K. 3557

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FPGA controlled SPAD matrix test environment

Abstract. Test environments for two SPAD matrix ICs are designed and implemented in this work. The matrixes are designed as a receiver of a Raman spectrometer. The aim of the work is a computer driven system that can perform SPAD matrix measurements according to the requirements. The background of the test environments describes the function of the SPAD and the quenching circuit. Besides, the structures and functionalities of the related ICs are presented. The work is about building two separate systems including computer software, a USB data converter on a PCB, an FPGA development board and a PCB for the IC. The user controls the measurements setting measurement parameters, monitors the measurements and reads the measurement results via the software. The results can be saved in an appropriate format that can be post-processed in Matlab. The communication between the computer and the measurement tools runs over USB. The USB data converter is an interface between the USB and FPGA. The FPGA is a controller that reads the measurement results from the IC, stores them temporarily and sends them to the computer. Besides, the FPGA holds the measurement settings. The PCB around the IC is a platform that offers connectivity to voltages, control and data. Measurements were performed in order to find out how suitable the SPAD matrixes are acting as a receiver of a Raman spectrometer. It was found that a timing signal of the time gated IC reaches all the elements within 60 ps. The timing homogeneity of the other IC was estimated based on the distributions of the TDC generated time window related code words. The mean parameters from the distributions showed the delay difference between the fastest and the slowest element was 180 ps.FPGA:n ohjaama SPAD-matriisin testausympäristö. Tiivistelmä. Tässä työssä suunnitellaan ja toteutetaan testausympäristö kahdelle IC-piirille rakennetulle SPAD-matriisille. Matriisit on suunniteltu Raman-spektrometrin vastaanottimeksi. Tavoitteena on tietokoneella ohjattava järjestelmä, joka kykenee suorittamaan mittauksia SPAD-matriiseilla niille asetettujen vaatimusten mukaisesti. Testausympäristön taustaosiossa kuvataan SPADin ja sammutuspiirin toiminta. Lisäksi molempien testausympäristöön liittyvien IC-piirien rakenteet ja toiminnallisuudet esitellään. Varsinainessa työosiossa rakennetaan kaksi erillistä järjestelmää, joihin kuuluvat tietokoneen mittausohjelma, piirilevylle toteutettu USB-datamuunnin, FPGA-kehitysalusta sekä IC:n ympärille rakennettu testikortti. Käyttäjä ohjaa mittauksia mittausohjelmalla syöttäen mittausparametreja, kontrolloimalla mittauksia ja lukemalla mittaustulokset. Tulokset voidaan tarvittaessa tallentaa muotoon, jota voidaan jatkokäsitellä esimerkiksi matlabilla. Kommunikaatio mittausjärjestelmän kanssa tapahtuu USB-protokollan yli. USB-datamuunnin toimii rajapintana USB-protokollan ja FPGA:n välillä. FPGA toimii kontrollerina, jonka tehtävinä ovat mittaustulosten lukeminen IC-piiriltä, välivarastointi ja lähettäminen tietokoneelle sekä mittausasetusten asettaminen. IC:n ympärille rakennettu testikortti toimii fyysisenä alustana, joka tarjoaa IC:lle jännite-, ohjaus- ja dataliittimet. Testausympäristössä suoritettiin mittauksia, joilla selvitettiin SPAD-matriisien soveltuvuutta Raman-spektrometrin vastaanottimeksi. Mittauksissa havaittiin, että aikaportitetussa piirissä ajoitusmerkki saapui kaikkiin SPAD elementteihin 60 ps sisällä. Toisen piirin mittauksissa ajoituksen homogeenisyyttä arvioitiin TDC:n generoimien koodisanojen jakauman perusteella. Jakaumista poimittujen keskiarvoparametrin perusteella nopeimman ja hitaimman elementin välinen erotus oli 180 ps

Pre-tender Phase Communication During Public Procurement Process : Expectations and Perceptions

Public buyers are enhanced to communicate with potential suppliers before the actual tendering in order to co-develop services and service processes. However, the competitive environment and the uncertainty of future exchange may challenge open information exchange, which is a prerequisite for effective communication. However, there is no research of how the quality of communication is perceived by the actors involved in the pre-tender phase. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore public buyer’s and potential suppliers’ perceptions of the pre-tender phase communication. We have conducted an explorative single case study and collected dyadic data with the help of interviews and observation from a buyer and suppliers that we involved in the pre-tender phase interaction. In our preliminary findings, we discovered major differences between the buyer’s and the suppliers’ perceptions of the quality of the pre-tender phase communication. The buyer was satisfied with the communication, whereas most of the suppliers perceived the information exchanged during the pre-tender phase too superficial to be useful neither for the buyer nor for the suppliers. We contribute to the public procurement literature by exploring buyer-supplier communication in the early phases of the procurement process, and by taking a dyadic view. Managers in public organizations can utilize our findings when planning pre-tender phase interaction.©2020 The Authors.fi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed

Present status of development of damping ring extraction kicker system for CLIC

The CLIC damping rings will produce ultra-low emittance beam, with high bunch charge, necessary for the luminosity performance of the collider. To limit the beam emittance blow-up due to oscillations, the pulse power modulators for the damping ring kickers must provide extremely flat, high-voltage pulses: specifications call for a 160 ns duration and a flattop of 12.5 kV, 250 A, with a combined ripple and droop of not more than \pm0.02 %. The stripline design is also extremely challenging: the field for the damping ring kicker system must be homogenous to within \pm0.01 % over a 1 mm radius, and low beam coupling impedance is required. The solid-state modulator, the inductive adder, is a very promising approach to meeting the demanding specifications for the field pulse ripple and droop. This paper describes the initial design of the inductive adder and the striplines of the kicker system.Comment: Proceedings of LCWS'11, International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders, Granada, Spain 26-30 Sept 201

Analysis of suspended bridges for isolated communities

Light suspended bridges are often used to connect villages or trail systems in geographical areas with lacking infrastructure and demanding topology. Different international non-profit organizations in collaboration with local promoters are building these bridges with the purpose of connecting isolated communities with health care and education. The design and construction of these bridges has by and large relied on engineering judgment and design conservatism coupled with past experiences of similar construction projects. An interest to engage in the designing of similar bridges has been shown from staff at the Division of Structural Engineering at the Faculty of Engineering of Lund University. This master thesis aims therefore to provide more sophisticated models of suspended bridges as material for future work. Suspended bridges are suitable to use for long spans, both due to low construction cost and to efficient material usage. They can also most often be built without advanced tools or machinery. The bridges studied in this thesis are intended for pedestrians and animals which result in a very slim design. Recommendations mainly from the development organization Helvetas will be compared to the Eurocode to investigate if these creates overly conservative designs. These comparisons will be made with both hand calculations, the finite element software Brigade/Plus and data from existing bridges. Vibrations and sways due to wind can be a major problem for light suspended bridges. Due to their small dead load in combination with a low lateral stiffness, the sways and vibrations can be very large in comparison with more common pedestrian bridges. This could lead to temporary inoperability or in worst case structural failure. With the models made in Brigade/Plus, wind effects can be analyzed and suitable measures or restrictions can be proposed.Light suspended pedestrian bridges are often built in rural areas to connect isolated communities. With steel cables as main load bearing elements, the structure becomes very load efficient. Due to easy construction methods and few parts, these bridges also becomes cost effective. Because of the lightness of these bridges, they become sensitive to wind effects. These effects are investigated in this thesis. Light suspended bridges are often used to connect villages or trail systems in geographical areas with lacking infrastructure and demanding topology. Different international non-profit organizations in collaboration with local promoters are building these bridges with the purpose of connecting isolated communities with health care and education. The design and construction of these bridges has by and large relied on engineering judgement and design conservatism coupled with past experiences of similar construction projects. This master thesis aims to provide more sophisticated models of suspended bridges as material for future work. Vibrations and sways due to wind can be a major problem for light suspended bridges. Due to their small dead load and low lateral stiffness, the sways and vibrations can be very large in comparison with more common pedestrian bridges. This could lead to temporary inoperability or in worst case structural failure. An existing bridge with a span of 100 meter has been analyzed to be able to calibrate reliable FE-models. With these models wind effects can be analyzed and suitable measures or restrictions can be proposed. The contributions of the thesis are a general insight in the construction of these type of bridges, a working FE-model of suspended bridges and how the behavior changes with different setups such as span or sag. Some specific conclusions made in the thesis are: Modifying the sag is the best way to affect the natural frequencies. The criteria for using wind stabilization should rather be based on displacement than accelerations. Bridges designed with design guides provided by aid organizations requires larger cable dimensions than bridges designed according to Eurocode. Due to the nonlinearity of sagging cables a full implicit dynamic analysis is preferred when determining the dynamic response of a suspended bridge