Human platelets express CAR with localization at the sites of intercellular interaction

Adenovirus has a wide tissue tropism. The virus attaches to the surface of cells via the fiber protein knob binding to the Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor known as CAR. Virus entry inside cells is facilitated by integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5. Mice platelets are shown to be the predominant Ad binding blood cell type and the virus is documented inside platelets. CAR was identified on human platelets in one study yet contradicted in another. The presence of CAR appears to be the most reasonable initial step for virus entry into platelets and is a key to the understanding of platelet adenovirus interaction. This study aimed to re investigate the presence of CAR on human platelets. Platelets were tested by indirect immune-fluorescence using rabbit H-300 polyclonal anti-CAR antibody and goat anti-rabbit IgG F(ab')2 Texas Red antibodies, alongside with CAR positive and negative controls. Platelets were found to express CAR on their surface and in contrast to the previous study only 3.5 ± 1.9% of the tested platelets did express CAR. In addition, CAR was seen within intracellular aggregates localized at the sites of cell-cell contacts indicating that CAR expression might be upregulated in response to platelet stimulation. We confirm the presence of CAR on human platelets, we provide explanation to some of the discrepancies in this regards and we add that this receptor is localized at the sites of intercellular interaction

Priority parameters of physical processes in a rock mass when determining the safety of radioactive waste disposal

Consideration of geodynamic, hydrogeochemical, erosion and other quantitative characteristics describing evolutionary processes in a rock mass is carried out when choosing a geological formation for the disposal of radioactive waste. However, the role of various process parameters is not equal for safety ensuring and additional percentages of measurement accuracy are far from always being of fundamental importance. This makes it necessary to identify various types of indicators of the geological environment that determine the safety of radioactive waste disposal for their detailed study in the conditions of the burial site. An approach is proposed to determine the priority indicators of physical processes in the rock mass that determine the safety of disposal of various types of radioactive waste and require increased attention (accuracy, frequency of measurements) when determining in-situ conditions. To identify such factors, we used the sensitivity analysis method that is a system change in the limits of variable values during security modeling in order to assess their impact on the final result and determine the role of various physical processes in ensuring safety. It is shown that the safety of isolation depends on various factors when burying "natural", "short-lived", and "long-lived" groups of nuclides. The factors that greatly affect safety when disposing of radioactive waste of these types are highlighted. The list of parameters of the geological environment that characterize the priority mechanisms of localization of various types of radionuclide contamination during burial and requiring the most detailed determination in full-scale conditions is defined

Melatonin ameliorates the adverse effects of leptin on sperm

This study examined the effects of melatonin on leptin-induced changes in sperm parameters in adult rats. Five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either leptin or leptin and melatonin or melatonin for 6 weeks. Leptin was given daily via the intraperitoneal route (60 μg kg− 1 body weight) and melatonin was given in drinking water (10 mg kg− 1 or 20 mg kg− 1 body weight per day). Upon completion, sperm count, sperm morphology, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, Comet assay, TUNEL assay, gene expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes, respiratory chain reaction enzymes, DNA damage, and apoptosis genes were estimated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Sperm count was significantly lower whereas the fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology, the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and sperm DNA fragmentation were significantly higher in rats treated with leptin only. Microarray

A model of linear chain submonolayer structures. Application to Li/W(112) and Li/Mo(112)

We propose a lattice gas model to account for linear chain structures adsorbed on (112) faces of W and Mo. The model includes a dipole-dipole interaction as well as a long-ranged indirect interaction. We have explicitly demonstrated that the periodic ground states depend on a competition between dipole-dipole and indirect interaction. The effect of temperature is studied within the molecular-field approximation. The numerical results show that for dipole-dipole interaction only, all long periodic linear chain phases are suppressed to low temperatures. However, when the long-range indirect interaction becomes important, the long-periodic linear chain phases start to fill up the phase diagram and develop a high thermal stability. Model parameters are chosen to reconstruct a sequence of long-periodic phases as observed experimentally for Li/Mo(112) and Li/W(112).Comment: RevTeX 9 pages + 5 Postscript figures (included), uses newdoc.sty (included), to be published in Surface Scienc

Solitonic-exchange mechanism of surface~diffusion

We study surface diffusion in the framework of a generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model with a nonconvex transverse degree of freedom. The model describes a lattice of atoms with a given concentration interacting by Morse-type forces, the lattice being subjected to a two-dimensional substrate potential which is periodic in one direction and nonconvex (Morse) in the transverse direction. The results are used to describe the complicated exchange-mediated diffusion mechanism recently observed in MD simulations [J.E. Black and Zeng-Ju Tian, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 71}, 2445-2448(1993)].Comment: 22 Revtex pages, 9 figures to appear in Phys. Rev.

Master equation approach to the conjugate pairing rule of Lyapunov spectra for many-particle thermostatted systems

The master equation approach to Lyapunov spectra for many-particle systems is applied to non-equilibrium thermostatted systems to discuss the conjugate pairing rule. We consider iso-kinetic thermostatted systems with a shear flow sustained by an external restriction, in which particle interactions are expressed as a Gaussian white randomness. Positive Lyapunov exponents are calculated by using the Fokker-Planck equation to describe the tangent vector dynamics. We introduce another Fokker-Planck equation to describe the time-reversed tangent vector dynamics, which allows us to calculate the negative Lyapunov exponents. Using the Lyapunov exponents provided by these two Fokker-Planck equations we show the conjugate pairing rule is satisfied for thermostatted systems with a shear flow in the thermodynamic limit. We also give an explicit form to connect the Lyapunov exponents with the time-correlation of the interaction matrix in a thermostatted system with a color field.Comment: 10 page

Microstructural Changes In The Thyroid Gland Of The Preweaning And Weaning Rats After Heterotypic Stress

Chronic stress modulates the activity of various neuroendocrine axes; while activation pattern of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal axis (HHAA) is studied in details, the response of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-thyroid axis (HHTA) is less understood, especially in terms of its response to different types of stressors by the follicular and parafollicular compartments of the thyroid gland. Recent papers presented data on the inhibitory effect of chronic stress on the HHTA, while exercise and low temperature were shown to be able to activate its function. Most studies were done on the adult experimental animals using genetic studies without consideration of the structural changes in the peripheral link of the HHTA in the growing body. Reports on the effect of the chronic variable stressors on the thyroid gland in early life are scarce, though during this period neuroendocrine axes are extremely sensitive to different adverse factors, such as stress, infection, inflammation and environmental changes. The objective of this research is to assess the microscopic changes in the thyroid gland of the preweaning and weaning rats exposed to chronic heterotypic stress compared to the homotypic one. Homo- or heterotypic stressors were chronically applied to the preweaning and weaning rat pups. After the end of the last stress session the animals were euthanized, thyroid gland was sampled, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, proliferative cells nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase 3. The mucosa of the alimentary tract of the experimental animals was examined and the thymus and the adrenal glands were sampled and weighed to evaluate the depth of stress-induced changes in the body. Immunologically stained slides of the thyroid gland were assessed using Image Pro+ software. Our study showed that chronic stress resulted in the structural and immunohistochemical changes of the thyroid gland in the preweaning and weaning experimental animals which indicate an inhibition of its function in the type of stress-related pattern. Both homo- and heterotypic stressors caused microscopic alterations in the thyroid gland, the extent of which depended both on the initial age of the experimental animal and the type of the stressor applied. The number and the size of the thyroglobulin-positive cells significantly decreased, and the volume density of the apoptotic cells significantly increased in the heterotypically stressed rat pups of both age subgroups with higher level of significance in the preweaning age subgroup. The number of calcitoninocytes was significantly increased in the weaning rat pups exposed to the heterotypic stress. The number of PCNA-positive cells significantly decreased only in the heterotypic stress group of both ages with higher level of significance in the preweaning age subgroup. A positive correlation was found between the volume density of the thyroglobulin-positive cells and the severity of the accidental thymic involution. Thus, our research demonstrated that weaning period is very sensitive to chronic stress for the thyroid gland of the experimental animals which by this age becomes mature enough to differentially respond to the various types of stress (homotypic versus heterotypic) both by the thyroid follicular and parafollicular compartments, and that thymus plays an important role in the functional capacity of the thyroid gland during stress in early life

The angiosome concept in revascularization of the shin and foot arteries in patients with diabetes mellitus

Objective. To analyze the results of revascularization of the shin and foot arteries in patients with diabetes mellitus in accordance to the angiosome concept. Materials and methods. Results of roentgen-endovascular interventions on 71 lower extremities, performed in 48 patients, suffering diabetes mellitus and ischemia, menaced for the extremity loss, were analyzed. All the patients had purulent-necrotic affections of the foot Degree III-IV in accordance to classification of WIFI (Wound, Ishemia and Foot Infection). In accordance to anatomic zones of revascularization all roentgen-endovascular interventions were divided into three groups: Group I - 24 (33.8%) direct angiosomic revascularizations, Group II - 38 (53.5%) indirect angiosomic revascularizations, Group III - 9 (12.7%) nonangiosomic revascularizations. Results. There was established, that following the angiosome concept raises possibility of preservation of the lower extremity (92.9%) comparing with nonangiosomic revascularization (77.8%). Conclusion. Efficacy of revascularization of the shin arteries with occlusion-stenotic lesions is significantly higher while restoration of the blood flow in accordance to the angiosome concept