Esteettinen yhteisö ja sosiaalisen kauneus

Aineisto on Keskustakampuksen kirjaston digitoimaa ja kirjasto vastaa aineiston käyttöluvista

Structural Stabilization of α-Helical Antifreeze Protein Variants Using the Trp-cage Protein

Antifreeze proteins are prevalent in many species that experience freezing or close to freezing temperatures. The proteins lower the freezing point of water, enabling the species to survive subzero temperatures. One of these species is fish, in which antifreeze proteins originally were discovered. While antifreeze proteins can be found in a wide variety of secondary and tertiary structures, the α helical antifreeze protein from winter flounder (WflAFP) is probably the most extensively studied. The antifreeze activity of all antifreeze proteins has been correlated to size and flatness of the ice-binding surface which for WflAFP has been demonstrated to be on one side of the alpha-helix, comprising primarily regularly spaced alanine and threonine side chains. The analysis of the size necessary for activity, however, was complicated in the case of WflAFP as a shortening of the sequence also lead to a reduction in α helicity. To overcome this difficulty, in this work a C-terminal stabilizing and alpha-helicity inducing capping unit, the Trp-cage, was employed. In a first step, the effect of the C-terminal modification on the wild-type antifreeze protein had to be studied to eliminate any interference of the modification on ice activity. In a second step, after eliminating any negative influence of the capping unit, the dependence of ice activity on the size of the ice-binding surface could be analyzed. The combination of both Trp-cage and antifreeze protein segment was pursued using two different approaches: The fusion approach was based on the synthesis of both the Trp-cage capping unit and an antifreeze protein segment separately and fusing them together in a second step. The chimera approach is based on the fact, that in the primary sequence of both Trp-cage and antifreeze protein some amino acids are interchangeable leading to an overlapping sequence and overall a shorter protein. Four alpha-helical antifreeze protein variants of different lengths were stabilized using the Trp-cage. Of the four ice-binding Trp-cage chimera (IBTC), three were also obtained as GFP labeled variants. All IBTC were characterized using NMR , CD , and UV/vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and their antifreeze activity or ice growth retardation as well as ice shaping abilities were determined. All ice-binding Trp-cage chimera designed based on the chimera approach were well folded. The IBTC designed based on the fusion approach, on the other hand, had a less pronounced fold according to 1H NMR data. All folded IBTC also satisfied the criteria for α helicity in a chemical shift deviation plot and the CD data also indicate α helicity for all IBTC. The analysis of ice activity gave surprising results. The IBTC based on the wild-type antifreeze protein had comparable antifreeze activity to WflAFP. However, no antifreeze activity could be observed for the other IBTC. As a result, even though the C-terminal capping unit has no influence on the antifreeze activity of the IBTC, the induction and stabilization of α helicity is not the only criteria necessary for activity. Rather, the size of the ice-binding surface has to match the one present in nature to generate antifreeze activity

Karl Kautsky (1854-1938)

Peer reviewe

Keräilijät, museot ja esineiden elämät : Pohdintoja esinetoimijuudesta ja siitä miksi keräilemme

Tämän maisterintutkielman aiheena on yksityiset keräilijät, heidän kokoelmansa ja näiden kokoelmien elämä, so. esineiden elämä. Tutkielman pääasiallinen tutkimuskysymys on: miksi me keräilemme esineitä? Tämän tutkimuskysymyksen kautta tämä tutkielma toivoo saavuttavansa oivalluksia meidän yleisestä suhteestamme esineisiin ja esineiden elämästä, so. mitä on olla ihminen esineiden keskellä. Tässä tutkielmassa esiintyvät keräilijät ovat keräilijöitä, jotka ovat perustaneet yksityisen museon kokoelmilleen. Antropologisia tutkimuksia keräilijöistä tai yksityisistä museoista on harvassa, vaikka keräily ja sitä kautta omaisuuden kasaantumisen ongelmat ovat molemmat merkittäviä aikamme kysymyksiä. Museo instituutiona yhdistää nämä kaksi aspektia formaaliin keräilyyn, säästämiseen, säilömiseen ja esineiden kerryttämiseen määrittelemättömästi ja näennäisen loputtomasti. Museot ovat taksonomialla varustettuja institutionaalisia keräilijöitä matkalla rajattomaan kasvuun. Kaikki tämä ansaitsee lisää antropologista huomiota. Tämän tutkielman pyrkimys on ajatella kokoelmien kanssa, oppia niiden kautta, samalla pohtien keräilijöiden ja museoiden omistajien kautta minkälaisia tarkoituksia ja päämääriä asiat ja esineet täyttävät niiden utilitaaristen roolien sekä itsestäänselvien merkitysten ulkopuolella, ja minkälaista transformatiivista potentiaalia sisältyy immanenttina museoon, keräilijään ja kokoelmaan, jos minkäänlaista. Materiaali tähän tutkielmaan kerättiin puolistrukturoitujen haastattelujen ja osallistuvan havainnoinnin muodossa, ”osallistuen” ja ”havainnoiden” museotiloissa ja kokoelmia, eli esineitä tutkien. Tämä oli usein hyvin käsinkosketeltava dialektiikka, jonka kautta objekti ja subjekti paljastuvat molemmat prosesseiksi erillisten, rajattujen olentojen sijaan. Eletty esineiden ja asioiden maailma paljastuu ”tulemisen” tilaksi ”olemisen” sijaan. Nämä perspektiivit aiheeseen avautuivat fenomenologian kautta. Kenttätyö tapahtui kolmen kuukauden aikana kesällä 2019 osana isompaa projektia, joka keskittyy niin kutsuttuihin ”mikromuseoihin”. Yhteensä kuudessakymmenessä museossa vierailtiin aina Lapista eteläiseen saaristoon. Yhteensä 37 museonpitäjää tai keräilijää haastateltiin. Lokaatiot ja kokoelmat valokuvattiin myös laajalti. Tutkielman tuloksista käy ilmi syyt keräilyyn: pyrimme tarttumaan menneeseen, säilömään asioita muille ja luomaan kokoelman, esinekoosteen (assemblage) tai asioiden yhteenliittymän, joka kestää kauemmin kuin itse keräilijä. Keräily ja museo näyttäytyvät relationaalisina ja kollektiivisina toimijoina. Ihmisyys esineiden keskellä paljastuu ambivalentiksi olemassaoloksi, suhteemme esineisiin haasteelliseksi ja ristiriitaiseksi.The subject of this master’s thesis is private collectors, their collections and the life of those collections, i.e. things. The main research question is why do we collect things? Through this question this study hopes to gain insight into our general relationship to things and the life of things, i.e., what is it to be human among things. The collectors in this study are ones who have established a private museum around their collections. Anthropological studies about collectors and private museums are relatively scarce, although the image of the collector and the question of the accumulation of possessions are both of great contemporary relevance. The museum as an institution fuses these two aspects into a formalized endeavor to collect, to save, to keep and accrue objects indefinitely and seemingly without limits. Museums are institutional collectors bound for limitless accumulation with taxonomy. All of this merits further anthropological scrutiny. The object of this study is to think with the collections, to learn from them, and attempt to discern from collectors and museum proprietors what purposes and needs things fulfill beyond their strictly utilitarian roles and the obvious meanings we give to them, and what sort of transformational potential is immanent in the museum, the collector and the collection, if any. The material for this study was collected in the form of semi-structured interviews and participant observation, where the “observing” and “participating” happened within and with the collections and museumscapes, often a very tactile dialectic through which the object and the subject are revealed as processes rather than strictly separate aspects, the lived world of things revealed as a state of becoming rather than being. These perspectives were opened up through a phenomenological approach to the study. The fieldwork was conducted during three months in the summer of 2019, as part of a larger project focused on so-called “micromuseums”. Sixty museums were visited around Finland from Lapland to the southern archipelago. Interviews were conducted with the proprietors of 37 museums. The locations and collections were also photographed extensively. The results of this study were that the reasons for collecting are an endeavor to grasp the past, to preserve things for others, to create a collection, an assemblage or coming-together of things that would outlast the collector. Collecting and the museum show themselves to be profoundly relational and collective. Being human among things is revealed as an ambivalent existence and our relationship to things challenging and contradictory

Extension maps and the moduli spaces of rank 2 vector bundles over an algebraic curve

Let SUc(2,Ʌ) be the moduli space of rank 2 vector bundles with determinant Ʌ on an algebraic curve C. This thesis investigates the properties of a rational map PU(_d,A) →(^c,d) SUc(2, A) where PU(_d,A) is a projective bundle of extensions over the Jacobian J(^d)(C). In doing so the degree of the moduli space SUc(2, Oc) is calculated for non- hyperelliptic curves of genus four (3.4.2). Information about trisecants to the Kummer variety K C SUc(2,Oc) is obtained in sections 4.3 and 4.4. These sections describe the varieties swept out by these trisecants in the fibres of PU1,o(_c) → J(^1)(C) for curves of genus 3, 4 and 5. The fibres of over ϵ(_d) over E ϵ SUc{2,A) are then studied. For certain values of d these correspond to the family of maximal line subbundles of E. These are either zero or one dimensional and a complete description of when these families are smooth is given (5.4.9), (5.4.10). In the one dimensional case its genus is also calculated (if connected) (5.5.5). Finally a correspondence on the curve fibres is shown to exist (5.6.2) and its degree is calculated (5.6.5). This in turn gives some information about multisecants to projective curves (5.7.4), (5.7.7)

Zagreb, London, Berlin, New York: ishodišta diskografske industrije u Hrvatskoj (1902-1939)

The record industry grew rapidly between 1900 and 1914. Although record production was concentrated in the largest industrialised countries, companies set out to create a global market by recording songs in all major languages. Typically, they sent their engineers on expeditions which took them to major European cities. They made recordings with local artists selected by the company’s local representatives. The recording masters were shipped to a factory to be processed, and the finished pressings sent back to local retailers. The paper will discuss in detail the activities of the Gramophone Company (UK), which made at least 500 recordings in Zagreb and Osijek between 1902 and 1913. The company had several competitors, including the German Lindström group (Odeon, Beka, Parlophon) and Pathé in France, and their activities will also be considered. The Great War caused a break in recording, but after the war the companies returned. Gramophone was back in Zagreb in 1924, and the Germans followed. A new peak in global record sales was reached in 1929. Meanwhile, American record companies, especially Victor and Columbia, created large catalogues of »foreign-language« records for immigrants, including Croatian-Americans. They also issued material recorded by their European associates, such as Gramophone Co., for the American market. The early record industry had been dominated by a small number of multi-national companies which held the basic patents on recording technology. After World War I, local enterprises also entered the market, as independent record companies were started in smaller countries such as Sweden (Sonora), Latvia (Bellaccord), Czechoslovakia (Esta) and Yugoslavia (Edison Bell Penkala).Diskografska industrija brzo je rasla između 1900. i 1914. Iako je proizvodnja ploča bila koncentrirana u najvećim industrijaliziranim zemljama, tvrtke su krenule u stvaranje globalnog tržišta snimanjem pjesama na svim dominantnim jezicima. Uobičajeno je bilo da tvrtke šalju svoje inženjere na ekspedicije koje bi ih odvele u velike europske gradove. Snimali su s lokalnim izvođačima koje su odabrali lokalni predstavnici tvrtke. Matrice snimaka otpremale su se u tvornicu na obradu, a gotovi otisci slali su se natrag lokalnim prodavačima. Rad potanko govori o djelatnosti tvrtke Gramophone Company (UK), koja je između 1902. i 1913. godine u Zagrebu i Osijeku napravila najmanje 500 snimaka. Tvrtka je imala nekoliko konkurenata, medu kojima su njemačka grupa Lindström (Odeon, Beka, Parlophon) i Pathé u Francuskoj, a u radu su se razmatrale i njihove aktivnosti. Svjetski rat uzrokovao je prekid u snimanju, no nakon Rata diskografske su se tvrtke vratile. Gramophone se vratio u Zagreb 1924. godine, a za njim su došli i Nijemci. Novi vrhunac u globalnoj prodaji ploča dosegnut je 1929. godine. U međuvremenu, američke diskografske kuće, posebice Victor i Columbia, izradile su velike kataloge ploča na »stranom jeziku« za imigrante, uključujući i Hrvate u Americi. Za američko tržište izdavale su i materijale koje su snimili njihovi europski suradnici, poput Gramophone Co. Prvom diskografskom industrijom dominirao je malen broj multinacionalnih kompanija koje su držale temeljne patente na tehnologiju snimanja. Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata na tržište su ušla i lokalna poduzeća jer su u manjim zemljama kao što su Švedska (Sonora), Latvija (Bellaccord), Cehoslovacka (Esta) i Jugoslavija (Edison Bell Penkala) pokrenute nezavisne diskografske kuće. Taj je razvoj ubrzala nova gospodarska politika 1930-ih, koja je stvorila carinske barijere i pogodovala lokalnoj proizvodnji

The Advocacy Coalition Index : A new approach for identifying advocacy coalitions(sic)(sic)(sic)Palabras clave

Policy scholars have increasingly focused on collaborative and competitive relationships between stakeholder coalitions. The Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) in particular has directed scholarly attention toward such relationships. The ACF defines advocacy coalitions as groups of actors who share beliefs and coordinate their action. However, previous research has been inconsistent in defining and measuring coalitions, which has hampered comparative research and theory building. We present a method called the Advocacy Coalition Index, which measures belief similarity and the coordination of action in a manner that makes it possible to assess the extent to which advocacy coalitions are found in policy subsystems, whether subgroups resemble coalitions, and how individual actors contribute to coalition formation. The index provides a standardized method for identifying coalitions that can be applied to comparative research. To illustrate the effectiveness of the index, we analyze two climate change policy subsystems, namely Finland and Sweden, which have been shown to differ in terms of the association of belief similarity with coordination. We demonstrate that the index performs well in identifying the different types of subsystems, coalitions, and actors that contribute the most to coalition formation, as well as those involved in cross-coalition brokerage.Peer reviewe

Determination of cellular glutathione: glutathione disulphide ratio in prostate cancer cells by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

A validated method has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of reduced and oxidized glutathione in de-proteinised cellular extracts. This has been used to compare models of malignant and non-malignant human prostate cell lines. Analysis of LNCaP and DU145 cells showed a glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratio of 8:1 and 32:1 respectively, whilst the control cell line, PZ-HPV7 displayed a ratio of 93:1. Results indicate that the more aggressive phenotype displays adaptation to increased oxidative stress via up regulation of glutathione turnover. It was also noted that in the LNCaP and DU145 cell line, glutathione was only responsible for ca. 60% and 79% respectively, of the total cellular reduced thiol; indicating the presence of other biological thiols