15 research outputs found
Punctuated Equilibrium in Software Evolution
The approach based on paradigm of self-organized criticality proposed for
experimental investigation and theoretical modelling of software evolution. The
dynamics of modifications studied for three free, open source programs Mozilla,
Free-BSD and Emacs using the data from version control systems. Scaling laws
typical for the self-organization criticality found. The model of software
evolution presenting the natural selection principle is proposed. The results
of numerical and analytical investigation of the model are presented. They are
in a good agreement with the data collected for the real-world software.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 2 Postscript figure
Community structure of complex software systems: Analysis and applications
Due to notable discoveries in the fast evolving field of complex networks,
recent research in software engineering has also focused on representing
software systems with networks. Previous work has observed that these networks
follow scale-free degree distributions and reveal small-world phenomena, while
we here explore another property commonly found in different complex networks,
i.e. community structure. We adopt class dependency networks, where nodes
represent software classes and edges represent dependencies among them, and
show that these networks reveal a significant community structure,
characterized by similar properties as observed in other complex networks.
However, although intuitive and anticipated by different phenomena, identified
communities do not exactly correspond to software packages. We empirically
confirm our observations on several networks constructed from Java and various
third party libraries, and propose different applications of community
detection to software engineering
<i>Intercultural Communication Under New Challenges</i>. The 14<sup>th</sup> RISA Convention
MGIMO University started a new academic year with the 14th Russian International Studies Association (RISA) Convention. Held on October 13thβ15th the Convention invited leading scholars to discuss historical, socio-economic, political, and legal aspects of shaping a new world order. Its traditional interdepartmental panel Intercultural Communication this year brought together speakers from Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Uruguay, and Iran to discuss cultural diversity under new challenges. An interdisciplinary array of 52 reports by philosophers, culturologists, linguists, political scientists, regionalists, religious scholars, art historians and specialists in the field of media studies presented a vivid picture of modern research in the sphere of intercultural communication. The reports and exchange of opinions encouraged scientists to investigate related academic fields and expand their theoretical horizons by getting acquainted with the achievements of interdisciplinary research in related fields of knowledge. Among the most discussed topics that aroused keen interest of the audience are the following: a new linguistic reality of intercultural interaction on the example of the evolution of the Spanish language, the preservation of the cultural heritage of peoples in the context of globalization, various ways of visualizing culture and their influence on the formation of regional and national identity, philosophical understanding the challenges facing traditional manifestations of culture and much more. The session demonstrated that intercultural communication lying at the intersection of multiple partiesβ interests remains flexible and adaptable and the dialogue of cultures is a reciprocal and ever-important process
Orthotopic bone implants for bone regeneration [Organotipichnye kostnye implantaty - perspektiva razvitiia sovremennykh osteoplasticheskikh materialov]
Biotechnology industry is rapidly developing. The elaboration of new biomaterials for bone reconstruction is one of the most perspective directions in tissue engineering. There are millions of surgical operations associated with use of bone graft materials every year. In this article we tried to analyze and systematize data about advanced technologies and modern trends in the preparation of bio-composite bone graft materials. Special attention is given to 3D-prototyping that allows making bone implants with individual form. Introduction of molecular biology technologies such as activating specific cytokines and growth factors at the right time makes it possible to optimize bone regeneration process. The article has also some suggestions on further improvement of the bone engineering technology.ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ - ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ’Π« - ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ
Biotechnology industry is rapidly developing. The elaboration of new biomaterials for bone reconstruction is one of the most perspective directions in tissue engineering. There are millions of surgical operations associated with use of bone graft materials every year. In this article we tried to analyze and systematize data about advanced technologies and modern trends in the preparation of bio-composite bone graft materials. Special attention is given to 3D-prototyping that allows making bone implants with individual form. Introduction of molecular biology technologies such as activating specific cytokines and growth factors at the right time makes it possible to optimize bone regeneration process. The article has also some suggestions on further improvement of the bone engineering technology.ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ - ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π² Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ