15 research outputs found

    Punctuated Equilibrium in Software Evolution

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    The approach based on paradigm of self-organized criticality proposed for experimental investigation and theoretical modelling of software evolution. The dynamics of modifications studied for three free, open source programs Mozilla, Free-BSD and Emacs using the data from version control systems. Scaling laws typical for the self-organization criticality found. The model of software evolution presenting the natural selection principle is proposed. The results of numerical and analytical investigation of the model are presented. They are in a good agreement with the data collected for the real-world software.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 2 Postscript figure

    Community structure of complex software systems: Analysis and applications

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    Due to notable discoveries in the fast evolving field of complex networks, recent research in software engineering has also focused on representing software systems with networks. Previous work has observed that these networks follow scale-free degree distributions and reveal small-world phenomena, while we here explore another property commonly found in different complex networks, i.e. community structure. We adopt class dependency networks, where nodes represent software classes and edges represent dependencies among them, and show that these networks reveal a significant community structure, characterized by similar properties as observed in other complex networks. However, although intuitive and anticipated by different phenomena, identified communities do not exactly correspond to software packages. We empirically confirm our observations on several networks constructed from Java and various third party libraries, and propose different applications of community detection to software engineering

    <i>Intercultural Communication Under New Challenges</i>. The 14<sup>th</sup> RISA Convention

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    MGIMO University started a new academic year with the 14th Russian International Studies Association (RISA) Convention. Held on October 13th–15th the Convention invited leading scholars to discuss historical, socio-economic, political, and legal aspects of shaping a new world order. Its traditional interdepartmental panel Intercultural Communication this year brought together speakers from Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Uruguay, and Iran to discuss cultural diversity under new challenges. An interdisciplinary array of 52 reports by philosophers, culturologists, linguists, political scientists, regionalists, religious scholars, art historians and specialists in the field of media studies presented a vivid picture of modern research in the sphere of intercultural communication. The reports and exchange of opinions encouraged scientists to investigate related academic fields and expand their theoretical horizons by getting acquainted with the achievements of interdisciplinary research in related fields of knowledge. Among the most discussed topics that aroused keen interest of the audience are the following: a new linguistic reality of intercultural interaction on the example of the evolution of the Spanish language, the preservation of the cultural heritage of peoples in the context of globalization, various ways of visualizing culture and their influence on the formation of regional and national identity, philosophical understanding the challenges facing traditional manifestations of culture and much more. The session demonstrated that intercultural communication lying at the intersection of multiple parties’ interests remains flexible and adaptable and the dialogue of cultures is a reciprocal and ever-important process

    Orthotopic bone implants for bone regeneration [Organotipichnye kostnye implantaty - perspektiva razvitiia sovremennykh osteoplasticheskikh materialov]

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    Biotechnology industry is rapidly developing. The elaboration of new biomaterials for bone reconstruction is one of the most perspective directions in tissue engineering. There are millions of surgical operations associated with use of bone graft materials every year. In this article we tried to analyze and systematize data about advanced technologies and modern trends in the preparation of bio-composite bone graft materials. Special attention is given to 3D-prototyping that allows making bone implants with individual form. Introduction of molecular biology technologies such as activating specific cytokines and growth factors at the right time makes it possible to optimize bone regeneration process. The article has also some suggestions on further improvement of the bone engineering technology.Π˜Π½Π΄ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ развиваСтся. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² для восстановлСния Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ - ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· самых пСрспСктивных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ хирургичСских Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π², связанных с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎ всСм ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ исчисляСтся ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ провСсти Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ соврСмСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ собствСнных исслСдований. ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ внимания Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ производства Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ объСмноС ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ костныС ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ слоТной ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. Π’Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ молСкулярной Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ позволяСт ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ кости ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ спСциализированных Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² роста Π² Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ этапы. Высказаны прСдполоТСния ΠΎ путях дальнСйшСго ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ костной ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ

    ΠžΠ Π“ΠΠΠžΠ’Π˜ΠŸΠ˜Π§ΠΠ«Π• ΠšΠžΠ‘Π’ΠΠ«Π• Π˜ΠœΠŸΠ›ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ’Π« - ΠŸΠ•Π Π‘ΠŸΠ•ΠšΠ’Π˜Π’Π Π ΠΠ—Π’Π˜Π’Π˜Π― Π‘ΠžΠ’Π Π•ΠœΠ•ΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠžΠ‘Π’Π•ΠžΠŸΠ›ΠΠ‘Π’Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ ΠœΠΠ’Π•Π Π˜ΠΠ›ΠžΠ’

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    Biotechnology industry is rapidly developing. The elaboration of new biomaterials for bone reconstruction is one of the most perspective directions in tissue engineering. There are millions of surgical operations associated with use of bone graft materials every year. In this article we tried to analyze and systematize data about advanced technologies and modern trends in the preparation of bio-composite bone graft materials. Special attention is given to 3D-prototyping that allows making bone implants with individual form. Introduction of molecular biology technologies such as activating specific cytokines and growth factors at the right time makes it possible to optimize bone regeneration process. The article has also some suggestions on further improvement of the bone engineering technology.Π˜Π½Π΄ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ развиваСтся. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² для восстановлСния Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ - ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· самых пСрспСктивных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ хирургичСских Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π², связанных с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎ всСм ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ исчисляСтся ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ провСсти Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ соврСмСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ собствСнных исслСдований. ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ внимания Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ производства Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ объСмноС ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ костныС ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ слоТной ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. Π’Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ молСкулярной Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ позволяСт ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ кости ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ спСциализированных Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² роста Π² Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ этапы. Высказаны прСдполоТСния ΠΎ путях дальнСйшСго ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ костной ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ.Π˜Π½Π΄ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ развиваСтся. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² для восстановлСния Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ β€” ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· самых пСрспСктивных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ хирургичСских Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π², связанных с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎ всСм ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ исчисляСтся ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ провСсти Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ соврСмСнных Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ собствСнных исслСдований. ΠžΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ внимания Π·Π°ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ производства Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ объСмноС ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3D-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ костныС ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ слоТной ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹. Π’Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ молСкулярной Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ позволяСт ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ кости ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ спСциализированных Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² роста Π² Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ этапы. Высказаны прСдполоТСния ΠΎ путях дальнСйшСго ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ костной ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ
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