Letter From Joseph Ginet 05

Joseph Ginet writes to his friends about Christmas dinner invitations

Letter From Joseph Ginet 01

In this letter, Joseph Ginet writes to a friend about upcoming plans

Mobilization Exchange Report

This is Joseph Ginet\u27s official report of the mobilization exchange specification

Multiple interacting cell death mechanisms in the mediation of excitotoxicity and ischemic brain damage: A challenge for neuroprotection.

There is currently no approved neuroprotective pharmacotherapy for acute conditions such as stroke and cerebral asphyxia. One of the reasons for this may be the multiplicity of cell death mechanisms, because inhibition of a particular mechanism leaves the brain vulnerable to alternative ones. It is therefore essential to understand the different cell death mechanisms and their interactions. We here review the multiple signaling pathways underlying each of the three main morphological types of cell death - apoptosis, autophagic cell death and necrosis - emphasizing their importance in the neuronal death that occurs during cerebral ischemia and hypoxia-ischemia, and we analyze the interactions between the different mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the implications of the multiplicity of cell death mechanisms for the design of neuroprotective strategies

Current Evidence on Cell Death in Preterm Brain Injury in Human and Preclinical Models.

Despite tremendous advances in neonatal intensive care over the past 20 years, prematurity carries a high burden of neurological morbidity lasting lifelong. The term encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) coined by Volpe in 2009 encompasses all aspects of the now known effects of prematurity on the immature brain, including altered and disturbed development as well as specific lesional hallmarks. Understanding the way cells are damaged is crucial to design brain protective strategies, and in this purpose, preclinical models largely contribute to improve the comprehension of the cell death mechanisms. While neuronal cell death has been deeply investigated and characterized in (hypoxic-ischemic) encephalopathy of the newborn at term, little is known about the types of cell death occurring in preterm brain injury. Three main different morphological cell death types are observed in the immature brain, specifically in models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, namely, necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic cell death. Features of all three types may be present in the same dying neuron. In preterm brain injury, description of cell death types is sparse, and cell loss primarily concerns immature oligodendrocytes and, infrequently, neurons. In the present review, we first shortly discuss the different main severe preterm brain injury conditions that have been reported to involve cell death, including periventricular leucomalacia (PVL), diffuse white matter injury (dWMI), and intraventricular hemorrhages, as well as potentially harmful iatrogenic conditions linked to premature birth (anesthesia and caffeine therapy). Then, we present an overview of current evidence concerning cell death in both clinical human tissue data and preclinical models by focusing on studies investigating the presence of cell death allowing discriminating between the types of cell death involved. We conclude that, to improve brain protective strategies, not only apoptosis but also other cell death (such as regulated necrotic and autophagic) pathways now need to be investigated together in order to consider all cell death mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of preterm brain damage

Les restructurations militaires en Lorraine : enjeux d’aménagement à différentes échelles

Le Livre Blanc sur la défense et la sécurité nationale, paru en 2008, conduit à la disparition de nombreuses unités militaires en Lorraine. Un choc de plus pour cette région, contrebalancé toutefois par des mesures compensatoires qui conduisent les acteurs politiques locaux à s’engager dans des projets de redéveloppement. Cette dynamique de réaménagement du territoire lorrain n’est cependant pas un jeu à somme nulle. La logique de guichet d’un trop grand nombre d’acteurs politiques locaux et leur manque de capacité à faire émerger une stratégie de rebond fondée sur la mise en œuvre d’une démarche d’échelon régional, accentuent les clivages territoriaux. Cette configuration géopolitique et cette mise en perspective géostratégique facilitent la mise en œuvre par l’Etat de projets d’aménagement d’intérêt national dans lesquels l’avenir de la Lorraine apparaît bien sombre.The white paper upon defence and national security published in 2008, leads to the loss of many army settlements in Lorraine. A new traumatism for this region however offset with compensating measures which bring local political actors to launch new development projects. But this way of a new Lorraine territorial planning is not a null summation play. The ticket office habit of a large number of local political actors and their lack of capacity to start up a bounce strategy built up on a regional process, increase territorial splits. This geopolitical and geostrategic shape makes finally easier the state implementation of national interest planning projects in which the future of the Lorraine region seems gloomy

Single-event upsets in the Cluster and Double Star Digital Wave Processor instruments

Radiation-induced upsets are an important issue for electronic circuits operating in space. Upsets due to solar protons, trapped protons, and galactic cosmic rays are frequently observed. Modeling the expected frequency of upsets is a necessary part of the design process for space hardware. The Cluster and Double Star spacecraft were respectively European and Chinese missions dedicated to the study of the wave and particle environment in the Earth's magnetosphere. All four Cluster spacecraft and one Double Star spacecraft included a Digital Wave Processor (DWP) instrument. The primary purpose of this instrument was as the central controller of the Wave Experiment Consortium. This paper investigates the occurrence of radiation-induced single-event upsets in these DWP instruments. The memory devices used in the DWP were not specifically radiation-hardened parts and so are relatively sensitive to single-event effects. We present the experience gained during the first 11 years of operation of the Cluster mission and the nearly 4 year lifetime of the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft and compare with models of the radiation environment