2,616 research outputs found
On Verifying and Engineering the Well-gradedness of a Union-closed Family
Current techniques for generating a knowledge space, such as QUERY,
guarantees that the resulting structure is closed under union, but not that it
satisfies wellgradedness, which is one of the defining conditions for a
learning space. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the base of a
union-closed set family that ensures that the family is well-graded. We
consider two cases, depending on whether or not the family contains the empty
set. We also provide algorithms for efficiently testing these conditions, and
for augmenting a set family in a minimal way to one that satisfies these
conditions.Comment: 15 page
Mediatic graphs
Any medium can be represented as an isometric subgraph of the hypercube, with
each token of the medium represented by a particular equivalence class of arcs
of the subgraph. Such a representation, although useful, is not especially
revealing of the structure of a particular medium. We propose an axiomatic
definition of the concept of a `mediatic graph'. We prove that the graph of any
medium is a mediatic graph. We also show that, for any non-necessarily finite
set S, there exists a bijection from the collection M of all the media on a
given set S (of states) onto the collection G of all the mediatic graphs on S.Comment: Four axioms replaced by two; two references added; Fig.6 correcte
Note: Axiomatic Derivation of the Doppler Factor and Related Relativistic Laws
The formula for the relativistic Doppler effect is investigated in the
context of two compelling invariance axioms. The axioms are expressed in terms
of an abstract operation generalizing the relativistic addition of velocities.
We prove the following results. (1) If the standard representation for the
operation is not assumed a priori, then each of the two axioms is consistent
with both the relativistic Doppler effect formula and the Lorentz-Fitzgerald
Contraction. (2) If the standard representation for the operation is assumed,
then the two axioms are equivalent to each other and to the relativistic
Doppler effect formula. Thus, the axioms are inconsistent with the
Lorentz-FitzGerald Contraction in this case. (3) If the Lorentz-FitzGerald
Contraction is assumed, then the two axioms are equivalent to each other and to
a different mathematical representation for the operation which applies in the
case of perpendicular motions. The relativistic Doppler effect is derived up to
one positive exponent parameter (replacing the square root). We prove these
facts under regularity and other reasonable background conditions.Comment: 12 page
Knowledge Spaces and Learning Spaces
How to design automated procedures which (i) accurately assess the knowledge
of a student, and (ii) efficiently provide advices for further study? To
produce well-founded answers, Knowledge Space Theory relies on a combinatorial
viewpoint on the assessment of knowledge, and thus departs from common,
numerical evaluation. Its assessment procedures fundamentally differ from other
current ones (such as those of S.A.T. and A.C.T.). They are adaptative (taking
into account the possible correctness of previous answers from the student) and
they produce an outcome which is far more informative than a crude numerical
mark. This chapter recapitulates the main concepts underlying Knowledge Space
Theory and its special case, Learning Space Theory. We begin by describing the
combinatorial core of the theory, in the form of two basic axioms and the main
ensuing results (most of which we give without proofs). In practical
applications, learning spaces are huge combinatorial structures which may be
difficult to manage. We outline methods providing efficient and comprehensive
summaries of such large structures. We then describe the probabilistic part of
the theory, especially the Markovian type processes which are instrumental in
uncovering the knowledge states of individuals. In the guise of the ALEKS
system, which includes a teaching component, these methods have been used by
millions of students in schools and colleges, and by home schooled students. We
summarize some of the results of these applications
Projections of a learning space
Any subset Q' of the domain Q of a learning space defines a projection of
that learning space on Q' which is itself a learning space consistent with the
original one. Moreover, such a construction defines a partition of Q having
each of its classes defining a learning space also consistent with the original
learning space. We give a direct proof of these facts which are instrumental in
parsing large learning spaces.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur
On a bounded version of Holder's Theorem and an application to the permutability equation
The permutability equation G(G(x,y),z) = G(G(x,z),y) is satisfied by many
scientific and geometric laws. A few examples among many are: The
Lorentz-FitzGerald Contraction, Beer's Law, the Pythagorean Theorem, and the
formula for computing the volume of a cylinder. We prove here a representation
theorem for the permutability equation, which generalizes a well-known result.
The proof is based on a bounded version of Holder's Theorem.Comment: This paper will be submitted as a chapter in an edited volume
honoring the 90th birthday of Patrick Suppes. The author presented the paper
at a conference honoring Suppes 90th birthday at Stanford Universit
Consistency of Monomial and Difference Representations of Functions Arising from Empirical Phenomena
AbstractChoice probabilities in the behavioral sciences are often analyzed from the standpoint of a differencerepresentation such as P(x,x,y)=F[u(x,x)âg(y)]. Here, x and y are real, positive vector variables, x is a positive real variable, P(x,x,y) is the probability of choosing alternative (x,x) over alternative y, and u, g and F are real valued, continuous functions, strictly increasing in all arguments. In some situations (e.g. in psychophysics), the researchers are more interested in the functions u and g than in the function F. In such cases, they investigate the choice phenomenon by estimating empirically the value x such that P(x,x,y)=Ï, for some values of Ï, and for many values of the variables involved in x and y. In other words, they study the function Ο satisfying Ο(x,y;Ï)=xâP(x,x,y)=Ï. A reasonable model to consider for the function Ο is offered by the monomialrepresentationΟx,y;Ï=ânâ1i=1xâηi(Ï)iâmj=1yζj(Ï)jCÏ,in which the ηi's, the ζj's and C are functions of Ï. In this paper we investigate the consistency of these difference and monomial representations. The main result is that, under some background conditions, if both the difference and the monomial representations are assumed, then: (i) all functions ηi (1â€iâ€nâ1) must be constant; (ii) if one of the functions ζj is nonconstant, then all of them must be of the form ζj(Ï)=Ξjexp[ÎŽFâ1(Ï)], for some constants Ξj>0 (1â€jâ€m) and ÎŽâ 0, where Fâ1 is the inverse of the function F of the difference representation. Surprisingly, F can be chosen rather arbitrarily
Extensions of set functions
We establish a necessary and suficient condition for a function defined on a subset of an algebra of sets to be extendable to a positive additive function on the algebra. It is also shown that this condition is necessary and sufficient for a regular function defined on a regular subset of the Borel algebra of subsets of a given compact Hausdorff space to be extendable to a measure
The lattice dimension of a graph
We describe a polynomial time algorithm for, given an undirected graph G,
finding the minimum dimension d such that G may be isometrically embedded into
the d-dimensional integer lattice Z^d.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
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