The meaning of links: On the interpretation of hyperlinks in the study of polarization in blogging about climate change

This article explores the potential and challenges of using hyperlinks as data through a study of polarization in English language blogs about climate change. The purpose of this research is to provide an interpretation of the meaning of the hyperlinks in climate change blogs by coding the functions that the links perform in the given blog posts. Beginning with a set of more than 500,000 blog posts about climate change, we focus on bloggers who actively link to highly visible sources that advocate, respectively, the denial or acceptance of the consensus view on anthropogenic climate change. We find that the bloggers in our sample predominantly link to sources that they agree with and that, if they link to a source with different opinions, the link is part of negative criticism of the targeted source. We argue that, by considering the functions of the links in the blog posts, we obtain a more nuanced understanding of the extent to which the discussion in the blogs is polarized.publishedVersio

Polarisation or just differences in opinion: How and why Facebook users disagree about Greta Thunberg

To what extent was Greta Thunberg a ‘polarizing figure’ on Facebook, in the period when she received the most extensive media attention? The paper analyses seven months of discussion concerning Thunberg and her message of intergenerational climate justice, using all relevant posts on public Facebook pages in Germany, Sweden, and the UK. We find that there are many similarities in the attitudes expressed and topics discussed on Facebook in the three countries; however, there are also some striking differences in the levels of polarisation. This comparative study provides evidence that the level of polarisation around these topics on Facebook is very low in Sweden and the UK, but high in Germany. In Germany, a group of political actors stand out as particularly polarising, and, in contrast to the other two countries, the topic of intergeneration justice, the core of Thunberg’s message, is almost absent from the German Facebook discourse. The study shows that Thunberg was not in general a polarising figure in the three European countries and that neither the affordances offered by the platform nor features of her person, message, or activism explain the observed polarisation around Thunberg on Facebook.publishedVersio

Rock'n'Roll- opptøyene i Oslo.: 20.-22. september 1956. Fra Institutt for kriminologi og strafferett, Oslo.

Intet resum

Elevprodusert podkast som didaktisk verktøy i arbeid med muntlighet i norskfaget.

I dette masterprosjektet har vi gjennom et case-studie undersøkt hvordan elevprodusert podkast kan bidra til å jobbe med grunnleggende ferdigheter som muntlige ferdigheter og digitale ferdigheter. Vi har hatt fokus på podkast i arbeid med muntlighet. Bakgrunnen for valg av tema er at vi er svært interessert i digitale verktøy, og vi ønsker å finne en god balanse i undervisningen mellom digitale og analoge undervisningsmetoder. Det er selvsagt at vi ikke kan bytte ut penn og papir med digitale verktøy i alle fag, men vi ønsker å finne en balanse mellom disse to. Vi har sett på hvordan vi kan bruke elevprodusert podkast i arbeid med muntlighet i en norskfaglig kontekst. Gjennom denne studien fant vi ut at vi måtte tenke nøye over valg av gruppesammensetninger. Vi fant også ut at tilgjengelighet var et nøkkelord når en hel klasse skal lage podkast. Tilgjengelighet gikk spesielt ut på hvor mange rom vi hadde tilgjengelig, slik at hver enkelt gruppe kunne spille inn podkast-episodene uten bakgrunnsstøy fra medelever. For å finne ut hvordan man kan bruke elevprodusert podkast i arbeid med muntlighet i en norskfaglig kontekst på mellomtrinnet har vi brukt ulike kvalitative undersøkelser i form av intervju, kvalitativt spørreskjema og observasjon. Ved hjelp av disse metodene ønsket vi å avdekke opplevelser med digitale hjelpemidler på godt og vondt opp gjennom årene, og vi ønsket å høre hvordan elevene opplevde å arbeide på denne måten. Det er tydelig at skrivingen stort sett foregår digitalt i skolen i dag. Det er mye skriving på pc eller chromebook, mens noen fortsatt holder seg til penn og papir. Ved de to skolene vi besøkte ble det brukt Chromebook i mer eller mindre alle skriftlige fag. Men hva med muntligheten i faget? Kan elevene dra nytte av å bruke digitale hjelpemidler når det gjelder å arbeide muntlig i norskfaget? Vi har hørt med norsklærere som har jobbet lenge i skolen, om hvordan de oppfatter digitaliseringen, og om de har noen erfaringer med bruk av podkast i norskfaget. Denne intervjudelen kjørte vi etter selve casestudien i klasserommet. Vi var også interesserte i å få et elevperspektiv på studien vår, og derfor deltok de på en kvalitativ spørreundersøkelse med åpne spørsmål som omhandlet timene vi hadde, men også deres erfaring med podkast utenfor skolesammenheng. Gjennom spørreundersøkelsene la vi grunnlaget for å kunne drøfte vår problemstilling. Elevprodusert podkast som undervisningsmetode er noe vi har gått grundig til verks med i denne studien. Vi har gjort analyser av case-studiet vårt, som er sentralt når for å belyse vår problemstilling. I dette masterprosjektet har vi gjennom et case-studie undersøkt hvordan elevprodusert podkast kan bidra til å jobbe med grunnleggende ferdigheter som muntlige ferdigheter og digitale ferdigheter. Nøkkelord: Podkast, muntlige ferdigheter, digitale ferdigheter, de stille elevene.In this master’s thesis we have through a case study investigated how pupil-produced podcasts could contribute to working on the basic skills of orality and digital skills in the Norwegian curriculum. We have had an especially focus on orality when working with podcasts. The background for our choice of topic is that we are both very interested in digital tools, and we want to find a good balance in our teaching between digital and analog teaching methods. It is certain that we can’t replace pen and paper fully with digital tools in every subject, but we wish to find a balance between these two. We have seen how we can use pupil-produced podcasts when working with orality in a Norwegian academic context. Through this study, we have found out that we had to really think through how to put together groups of pupils. And we also found out that accessibility to different rooms can be a key factor in these kinds of lectures. Especially when it comes to accessible rooms that the class can use so that the whole class can record their podcast episodes, without background noise from other fellow pupils. In order to find out how to use pupil-produced podcasts in work orality in a Norwegian academic context in school years 5-7 we have used different qualitative research in the form of interviews, qualitative questionnaires, and our own observations. Using these different methods, we wish to uncover experiences with digital tools, Good and bad over the years, And we wish to hear the pupils' opinions on working this way with the digital tool. It is clear to us that writing in school mostly happens digitally in our modern days. There is a lot of writing on either an iPad or a Chromebook, but some still stick to pen and paper. At both schools that we visited, they used Chromebook more or less in every subject. But how about the orality in the subjects? Can pupils benefit from using digital tools when working with their orality? We have spoken to two Norwegian teachers who have worked for a long time in the Norwegian school system. We also asked them how they have experienced the digitalization of the system, and if they had any experience with working with podcasts beforehand. These interviews were completed after the case study with the pupils was finished. We were also interested in getting the pupil’s perspective on our study, and therefore they took part in a qualitative questionnaire with open questions that regarded the lessons we had, but also their possible past experiences with podcasts outside of school. Through the questionnaire we made our foundation to discuss our problem statement. We have thoroughly explored the pupil-produced podcast as a teaching method in this study. We have analysed our case study, which has been central in discussing the problem statement. In this master’s thesis, we have through a case study investigated how pupil-produced podcasts can contribute when working with basic skills such as oral and digital skills, especially in the Norwegian subject. Keywords: Podcasts, oral skills, digital skills, quiet pupils

Toward ‘Cultures of Engagement’? An exploratory comparison of engagement patterns on Facebook news posts

Information production, dissemination, and consumption are contingent upon cultural and financial dimensions. This study attempts to find cultures of engagement that reflect how audiences engage with news posts made by either commercial or state-owned news outlets on Facebook. To do so, we collected over a million news posts (n = 1,173,159) produced by 482 news outlets in three Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) and analyzed over 69 million interactions across three metrics of engagement (i.e. comments, likes, and shares). More concretely, we investigate whether the patterns of engagement follow distinct patterns across national boundaries and type of outlet ownership. While we are skeptical of metrics of engagement as markers of specific cultures of engagement, our results show that there are clear differences in how readers engage with news posts depending on the country of origin and whether they are fully state-owned or private-owned outlets.publishedVersio

"Trafikk" på operasjonsstuen: En kvalitativ studie med eksplorerende design om unødvendige døråpninger på operasjonsstuen

Sammendrag Bakgrunn: En postoperativ infeksjon kan være svært belastende for pasienten og i verste fall kan det ha et dødelig utfall. En operasjonssykepleier har et viktig ansvar innen infeksjonsforebygging på operasjonsstuen. Et av flere infeksjonsforebyggende tiltak er å unngå unødvendig trafikk på operasjonsstuen. Studiens hensikt er å kartlegge operasjon- og anestesisykepleieres oppfatninger til unødvendige døråpninger på operasjonsstuen, under et kirurgisk inngrep. Studien vil kunne avdekke kunnskaper og erfaringer som operasjon- og anestesisykepleiere har til unødvendige døråpninger på en operasjonsstue. Metode: Dette er en kvalitativ studie med et eksplorerende og deskriptivt design. Det ble gjennomført tre fokusgruppeintervju med 10 informanter totalt fordelt på tre intervjuer. Informantene inkluderte fem operasjonssykepleiere og fem anestesisykepleiere. Begge profesjoner var representert i hvert intervju. Det ble videre benyttet kvalitativ innholdsanalyse for å analysere datamaterialet. Funn: Analysen avdekket ett tema med tre tilhørende kategorier. Temaet som ble analysert frem er «Vi vet vi ikke skal gjøre det, men gjør det allikevel», med tre tilhørende kategorier: 1) Døråpninger er ikke prioritert, 2) Ulike holdninger til døråpninger, 3) Ulik praksis av døråpninger. Konklusjon: Vi finner at det var variasjoner i hvilke oppfatninger informantene hadde om unødvendige døråpninger på operasjonsstuen. Informantene fortalte at i teorien burde de ikke utført unødvendige døråpninger på operasjonsstuen, men i praksis var det vanskelig å gjennomføre av flere årsaker. Årsakene var at unødvendig døråpninger ikke ble prioritert, det var ulike holdninger til unødvendige døråpninger og det ble utført ulik praksis til unødvendige døråpninger.Summary Background: A surgical site infection (SSI) can be very stressful for the patient and in worst case it can have a fatal outcome. An operating room nurse has an important responsibility in infection prevention in the operating room. One of several infection prevention measures is to avoid unnecessary traffic in the operating room. The purpose of the study is to survey operating room nurse and anesthesia nurses’ perceptions of unnecessary door openings in the operating room during a surgical procedure. The study will be able to reveal the knowledge and experience that operating room nurse and anesthesia nurses have regarding unnecessary door openings in an operating room. Methods: This is a qualitative study with an exploratory and descriptive design. Three focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 10 participants spread over three interviews. The participants included five operating room nurses and five anesthesia nurses. Both professions were represented in each interview. Qualitative content analysis was also used to analyze the data. Main findings: The analysis revealed one theme with three associated categories. The theme that was analyzed is "We know we shouldn't do it, but we do it anyway", with three associated categories: 1) Door openings are not a priority, 2) Different attitudes to door openings, 3) Different practices of door openings. Conclusion: We find that there were variations in the perceptions the informants had about unnecessary door openings in the operating room. The informants said that in theory they should not perform unnecessary door openings in the operating room, but in practice it was difficult to implement for several reasons. The reasons were that unnecessary door openings were not prioritized, there were different attitudes towards unnecessary door openings and different practices were carried out regarding unnecessary door openings

Design of a differential housing and components of differential assembly

Each year the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) holds a competition in Pontiac, Michigan called Formula SAE (FSAE). Each year SAE releases a revised rulebook outlining the constraints of the upcoming year’s competition. The racecar to be designed is an open-wheeled, mid-engine, rear-wheel drive racecar. This year’s Drexel FSAE team has approached us with a project to design a completely symmetrical differential assembly using a Torsen differential. This differential will be mounted to the rear of the engine, placing no stress on the rear chassis of the racecar. This will design will allow a shorter wheelbase and narrower track, as well as bringing the center of gravity of the racecar closer to its centerline. We intent to manufacture a prototype differential assembly and rear chassis for testing and use on the 2005 Drexel Formula SAE racecar

Does the Healthy Body Image program improve lifestyle habits among high-schoolstudents? A radndomised controlled trial With 12-month follow-up

Objectives - Positive embodiment and healthy lifestyle habits seem to be related; therefore, stimulating positive embodiment should promote healthy lifestyle habits. In the current study, we delivered the Healthy Body Image (HBI) intervention among Norwegian high school students and examined the effects on healthy lifestyle habits. Methods - The HBI intervention comprises three interactive workshops, with three overarching themes related to body image, social media literacy, and lifestyle. A total of 2446 boys (43%) and girls in grade 12 (mean age 16.8 years) from 30 high schools participated in this cluster-randomized controlled study. Schools were randomized to the HBI intervention or control study arm. Data on physical activity, eating habits, and sleep were collected at baseline, post intervention, and 3- and 12-month follow-up and analyzed using linear mixed regression models. Results - The intervention had a minor negative effect on physical activity levels in boys at 12-month follow-up and short-term small-to-moderate positive effects on consumption of breakfast and fruit and vegetables, and sleep duration on school days. Conclusions - In future, the lack of satisfactorily long-term effects might be better addressed using a combination of cognitive and behavioral approaches to more optimally integrate positive embodiment and lifestyle changes in the daily life of adolescents

Does the Healthy Body Image program improve lifestyle habits among high-schoolstudents? A radndomised controlled trial With 12-month follow-up

publishedVersio

Reasoning with global assumptions in arithmetic modal logics

We establish a generic upper bound ExpTime for reasoning with global assumptions in coalgebraic modal logics. Unlike earlier results of this kind, we do not require a tractable set of tableau rules for the in- stance logics, so that the result applies to wider classes of logics. Examples are Presburger modal logic, which extends graded modal logic with linear inequalities over numbers of successors, and probabilistic modal logic with polynomial inequalities over probabilities. We establish the theoretical upper bound using a type elimination algorithm. We also provide a global caching algorithm that offers potential for practical reasoning