Scar endometriosis: not a rarity now a day

Endometriosis at the site of previous surgery scar is much on the rise now-a-days mainly due to increased rate of caesarean sections. Generally, it presents as a triad of underlying mass at the incision site, cyclical menstrual scar pain with or without discharge from scar site, and history of previous gynecological or obstetric surgery leads to the preoperative diagnosis. In rare cases, the clinical presentation is atypical, and diagnosis is mad after surgical excision. Here we discuss a case of scar endometriosis that presented to us with complaint of greenish coloured discharge from a lesion below the primary scar site 5 years after the primary surgery. Through this article, authors wish to discuss the etiology, management and preventive measures for scar endometriosis

Generalized I of strongly Lacunary of x2 over p-metric spaces defined by Musielak Orlicz function

In this paper, we introduce generalized difference sequence spaces via ideal convergence, lacunary of x2 sequence spaces over p-metric spaces defined by Musielak function, and examine the Musielak-Orlicz function which satisfies uniform Δ2 condition, and we also discuss some topological properties of the resulting spaces of x2 with respect to ideal structures which is solid and monotone. Hence, given an example of the space x2 this is not solid and not monotone. This theory is very useful for statistical convergence and also is applicable to rough convergence

Essays on Maternal and Child Healthcare

India accounts for two-thirds of global maternal deaths and the highest number of infant deaths annually. Given the poor performance of maternal and infant healthcare service indicators, India launched two maternal health programs- a conditional cash transfer program called Janani Suraksha Yojna (JSY) in 2005 and a free services program called Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) in 2011. The programs aim to reduce maternal and infant mortality through the promotion of public institutional delivery. Both provide financial incentives to pregnant women through a reduced price effect on delivery care. Using the Indian District Household Surveys, I exploit the differences in individual eligibility rules across states to estimate the impact of the programs on healthcare utilization and infant mortality measures. The results suggest that JSY and JSSK reduced home births and increased the use of public institutional care. While JSY also shifted women away from private to public facilities, JSSK increased the use of private care. I also find evidence that JSY reduces fetal and perinatal mortality but does not impact higher days mortality rates. Further, the spread of information about healthier pregnancies by health facilitators under the programs increases the use of antenatal services. On the one hand, JSY reduces the probability of women going back for a postpartum checkup. On the other hand, free maternal care services with zero postpartum care costs under JSSK increase their likelihood of returning for a checkup. Also, I find heterogeneity in programs\u27 impact with more educated and poorer women benefiting the most from them

Mechanisms by Which Exercise Training Attenuates Blood Pressure in Animals: Roles of Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3â

Hypertension is a chronic multifactorial condition with high morbidity and mortality rates, currently affecting about one billion people worldwide. Currently available anti-hypertensive medications are found to be effective in reducing blood pressure (BP), but still more than 50% of those diagnosed with hypertension fail to respond to these anti-hypertensive regimens. Although hypertension has multiple etiologies, physical inactivity has been found to have strong correlation with the disease, so exercise has recently been recommended as a part of lifestyle modifications for all hypertensive patients. Therefore, the present series of in vivo and in vitro studies were undertaken to gain more insight into the effects of regular long-term exercise training (ExT) within the heart and brain of hypertensive animals with the specific aim of investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced beneficial effects. In the first study, we subjected young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) to moderate-intensity exercise for 16 weeks. Regular exercise delayed progression of hypertension and improved cardiac function in SHRs, and these effects were mediated by reduced myocardial pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), NFêB activity, and improved redox homeostasis. In the second study, we found that chronic exercise not only reduces PICs and vasoconstrictor components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) but also improved anti-inflammatory cytokines (AIC) and vasodilatory axis of the RAS within the brain of SHRs. In the third study, we explored the effects of cessation of exercise (physical detraining) on these parameters. Next, we examined the role of GSK-3â in dysregulation of PICs and AIC in vitro using neuronal cell culture and in vivo using angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rat model. Finally, we investigated the effects of ExT on brain GSK-3â in hypertension and whether central GSK-3â mediates exercise-induced beneficial effects in hypertension. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that unlike pharmacological therapies, chronic regular exercise is a non-pharmacological cost-effective tool that has the capability to positively modulate several components of signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis of hypertension. These findings provide greater insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced beneficial effects and will ultimately lead us to refine the current guidelines for the treatment of hypertension on the basis of scientific evidence

A Note on the Paper "The unique solution of the absolute value equations"

In this note, we give the possible revised version of the unique solvability conditions for the two incorrect results that appeared in the published paper by Wu et al. (Appl Math Lett 76:195-200, 2018)

The Unique Solvability Conditions for the Generalized Absolute Value Equations

This paper investigates the conditions that guarantee unique solvability and unsolvability for the generalized absolute value equations (GAVE) given by $Ax - B \vert x \vert = b$. Further, these conditions are also valid to determine the unique solution of the generalized absolute value matrix equations (GAVME) $AX - B \vert X \vert =F$. Finally, certain aspects related to the solvability and unsolvability of the absolute value equations (AVE) have been deliberated upon

Necessary and sufficient conditions for unique solvability of absolute value equations: A Survey

In this survey paper, we focus on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique solvability and unsolvability of the absolute value equations (AVEs) during the last twenty years (2004 to 2023). We discussed unique solvability conditions for various types of AVEs like standard absolute value equation (AVE), Generalized AVE (GAVE), New generalized AVE (NGAVE), Triple AVE (TAVE) and a class of NGAVE based on interval matrix, P-matrix, singular value conditions, spectral radius and $\mathcal{W}$-property. Based on the unique solution of AVEs, we also discussed unique solvability conditions for linear complementarity problems (LCP) and horizontal linear complementarity problems (HLCP)

A longitudinal study of near-miss and maternal mortality at a tertiary centre in rural Uttarakhand: addressing the fourth delay

Background: India is a signatory of the sustainable development goals and is committed to reduce the maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per lakh live births. Review of maternal deaths and near miss cases is a very important step towards achieving this aim.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in rural Uttarakhand for a period of one and half year using WHO criteria for maternal near-miss, in an attempt to assess the quality of obstetric care in the region and to identify the possible delays leading to this.Results: Haemorrhage was the most common cause leading to severe maternal outcome, followed by early pregnancy complications and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The mortality index was 15% and maternal near miss to mortality ratio was 7:1. We could identify some type of delay in at least 70% of near miss and mortality cases. Although delay in seeking healthcare was the most common, lack of community participation was identified as an important fourth delay.Conclusions: For substantive reduction of maternal mortality in this region of Uttarakhand, the main action needed is strengthening of primary health care, educating the patients regarding warning signs of pregnancy and strengthening the social status of women in society, increasing community support in women health care.

Using implicit relation to prove common coupled fixed point theorems for two hybrid pairs of mappings

Using implicit relation we establish two common coupled fixed point theorems under the conditions of weakly commutativity and w−compatibility on a complete metric space, which is not partially ordered. We do not use the condition of continuity of any mapping for proving the existence of coupled coincidence and common coupled fixed point.Publisher's Versio