645 research outputs found
Settling of an asymmetric dumbbell in a quiescent fluid
We compute the hydrodynamic torque on a dumbbell (two spheres linked by a
massless rigid rod) settling in a quiescent fluid at small but finite Reynolds
number. The spheres have the same mass densities but different sizes. When the
sizes are quite different the dumbbell settles vertically, aligned with the
direction of gravity, the largest sphere first. But when the size difference is
sufficiently small then its steady-state angle is determined by a competition
between the size difference and the Reynolds number. When the sizes of the
spheres are exactly equal then fluid inertia causes the dumbbell to settle in a
horizontal orientation.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, as publishe
Journey of an intruder through the fluidisation and jamming transitions of a dense granular media
We study experimentally the motion of an intruder dragged into an amorphous
monolayer of horizontally vibrated grains at high packing fractions. This
motion exhibits two transitions. The first transition separates a continuous
motion regime at comparatively low packing fractions and large dragging force
from an intermittent motion one at high packing fraction and low dragging
force. Associated to these different motions, we observe a transition from a
linear rheology to a stiffer response. We thereby call "fluidisation" this
first transition. A second transition is observed within the intermittent
regime, when the intruder's motion is made of intermittent bursts separated by
long waiting times. We observe a peak in the relative fluctuations of the
intruder's displacements and a critical scaling of the burst amplitudes
distributions. This transition occurs at the jamming point characterized in a
previous study and defined as the point where the static pressure (i.e. the
pressure measured in the absence of vibration) vanishes. Investigating the
motion of the surrounding grains, we show that below the fluidisation
transition, there is a permanent wake of free volume behind the intruder. This
transition is marked by the evolution of the reorganization patterns around the
intruder, which evolve from compact aggregates in the flowing regime to
long-range branched shapes in the intermittent regime, suggesting an increasing
role of the stress fluctuations. Remarkably, the distributions of the kinetic
energy of these reorganization patterns also exhibits a critical scaling at the
jamming transition.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Note on the method of matched-asymptotic expansions for determining the force acting on a particle
This paper is an addendum to the article by Candelier, Mehaddi & Vauquelin
(2013) where the motion of a particle in a stratified fluid is investigated
theoretically, at small Reynolds and P\'eclet numbers. We review briefly the
method of matched asymptotic expansions which is generally used in order to
determine the force acting on a particle embedded in a given flow, in order to
account for small, but finite, inertia effects. As part of this method, we
present an alternative matching procedure, which is based on a series expansion
of the far-field solution of the problem, performed in the sense of generalized
functions. The way to perform such a series is presented succinctly and a
simple example is provided.Comment: 8 page
Movimientos literarios en América y la visión de la independencia / Literary movements in America and the vision for independence
realización de esa empresa libertaria, fueron necesarias acciones heroicas que demandaron la participación de los próceres de la sociedad, así como de sus líderes, pensadores y escritores, razón por la cual la literatura fue una valiosa arma de combate intelectual que atizó las aspiraciones y los ideales separatistas en los diferentes pueblos del Continente americano.
La vocación de autonomía política a la que aspiraban los escritores hispanoamericanos del siglo XIX motorizó la primera generación de literatos que en América hicieron uso de la palabra al calor de las rebeliones que implicaba la Independencia Nacional. Políticos, intelectuales, escritores, maestros, sacerdotes y periodistas se alinearon en esa meta separatista que encendió la vocación literaria y el activismo social, político y cultural en las capas pensantes de los pueblos americanos. Al tiempo que describe facetas de la realidad natural, la realidad histórica y la realidad social, la literatura perfila el talante interpretativo, imaginativo y cultural de los países hispanoamericanos.
Fueron narradores, poetas y dramaturgos, los abanderados del ideal independentista que asumieron la vanguardia política, social y cultural en los pueblos de habla hispana en nuestra América. La narrativa indianista, la poesía patriótica y el teatro popular fueron tres vertientes claves de la creatividad literaria que dieron cauce y brillantez al proyecto nacionalista de las diversas poblaciones de la América hispana durante el siglo XIX. Concitados por el Romanticismo, el Realismo y el Modernismo, tres corrientes estéticas de inspiración
francesa, las naciones americanas de habla hispana desarrollaron sus inclinaciones intelectuales, morales,
estéticas y espirituales, mientras prohijaban el ideal de independencia política bajo la llama del sueño libertario
y la utopía. De ahí el rol estimulador de la literatura, que la poesía, la narrativa, el teatro, el periodismo y la oratoria
encauzaron en diferentes escenarios y tribunas, desde las aulas del magisterio universitario hasta el púlpito de los templos sagrados, haciendo de la palabra el arma espiritual en las treguas del combate y la esperanza.In the nineteenth century occurring struggles for independence of Latin American nations. For the realization of this libertarian company heroic actions were necessary, participation was demanded of dignitaries of the society and its leaders, thinkers and writers. This is why literature was a valuable intellectual weapon that fueled the aspirations and separatist ideology in the various countries of the American Continent. Were the storytellers, poets and playwrights and torchbearers of independence ideal who assumed the political, social and cultural vanguard in the towns of Spanish speaking in our American nations. The native Indian narrative, patriotic poetry and popular theater were three key aspects of literary creativity that gave means and brilliance to the nationalistic project of diverse populations of Hispanic America during the nineteen century. Aroused by Romanticism, Realism and Modernism three aesthetic currents of French decent, America’s Spanish-speaking nations developed their intellectual, moral, aesthetic and spiritual inclinations, while prohibiting the ideal of political independence under the name of libertarian dream and utopia. Hence the stimulatory role of literature, poetry, fiction, drama, journalism and oratory channeled in different scenarios and galleries , from the university classroom to the pulpit teaching in sacred temples, making the word the spiritual weapon in the fight and hope
Super-diffusion around the rigidity transition: Levy and the Lilliputians
By analyzing the displacement statistics of an assembly of horizontally
vibrated bidisperse frictional grains in the vicinity of the jamming transition
experimentally studied before, we establish that their superdiffusive motion is
a genuine Levy flight, but with `jump' size very small compared to the diameter
of the grains. The vibration induces a broad distribution of jumps that are
random in time, but correlated in space, and that can be interpreted as
micro-crack events at all scales. As the volume fraction departs from the
critical jamming density, this distribution is truncated at a smaller and
smaller jump size, inducing a crossover towards standard diffusive motion at
long times. This interpretation contrasts with the idea of temporally
persistent, spatially correlated currents and raises new issues regarding the
analysis of the dynamics in terms of vibrational modes.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
The history force on a small particle in a linearly stratified fluid
The hydrodynamic force experienced by a small spherical particle undergoing
an arbitrary time-dependent motion in a density-stratified fluid is
investigated theoretically. The study is carried out under the
Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation, and in the limit of small Reynolds and small
P\'eclet numbers. The force acting on the particle is obtained by using matched
asymptotic expansions in which the small parameter is given by a/l where a is
the particle radius and l is the stratification length defined by Ardekani &
Stocker (2010), which depends on the Brunt-Vaisala frequency, on the fluid
kinematic viscosity and on the thermal or the concentration diffusivity
(depending on the case considered). The matching procedure used here, which is
based on series expansions of generalized functions, slightly differs from that
generally used in similar problems. In addition to the classical Stokes drag,
it is found the particle experiences a memory force given by two convolution
products, one of which involves, as usual, the particle acceleration and the
other one, the particle velocity. Owing to the stratification, the transient
behaviour of this memory force, in response to an abrupt motion, consists of an
initial fast decrease followed by a damped oscillation with an
angular-frequency corresponding to the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. The
perturbation force eventually tends to a constant which provides us with
correction terms that should be added to the Stokes drag to accurately predict
the settling time of a particle in a diffusive stratified-fluid.Comment: 16 page
Effect of weak fluid inertia upon Jeffery orbits
We consider the rotation of small neutrally buoyant axisymmetric particles in
a viscous steady shear flow. When inertial effects are negligible the problem
exhibits infinitely many periodic solutions, the "Jeffery orbits". We compute
how inertial effects lift their degeneracy by perturbatively solving the
coupled particle-flow equations. We obtain an equation of motion valid at small
shear Reynolds numbers, for spheroidal particles with arbitrary aspect ratios.
We analyse how the linear stability of the \lq log-rolling\rq{} orbit depends
on particle shape and find it to be unstable for prolate spheroids. This
resolves a puzzle in the interpretation of direct numerical simulations of the
problem. In general both unsteady and non-linear terms in the Navier-Stokes
equations are important.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
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